- See Wikipedia:Conservation status for the classifications of conservation status used in Wikipedia.
| Conservation status |
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| Risk of extinction |
| Extinction |
| Threatened |
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The conservation status of a species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. Extinct in the Wild ( EW) is a Conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa the only known living members of which are being kept in captivity or as a naturalized Organisms with a conservation status of critically endangered have an extremely high risk of becoming extinct An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation A vulnerable species is a Species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve Threatened species are any species (including Animals Plants fungi, etc Conservation Dependent ( LR/cd) was an IUCN category assigned to species or lower taxa which were dependent on conservation efforts to prevent the taxon becoming Near Threatened ( NT) is a Conservation status assigned to species or lower taxa which may be considered threatened with extinction in the near future although Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. Extant is a term commonly used to refer to Taxa (such as Species, genera or families) that are still in existence (living Many factors are taken into account when assessing the conservation status of a species: not simply the number remaining, but the overall increase or decrease in the population over time, breeding success rates, known threats, and so on.
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Global systems
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the best-known worldwide conservation status listing and ranking system. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global The system divides threatened species into three categories: Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), and Vulnerable (VU). Organisms with a conservation status of critically endangered have an extremely high risk of becoming extinct An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation A vulnerable species is a Species which is likely to become endangered unless the circumstances threatening its survival and reproduction improve Also listed are extinctions that have occurred since 1500 AD and taxa that are extinct in the wild. Lower risk taxa are also divided into categories.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure that international trade in specimens of wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival. CITES (the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments drafted
Multi-country systems
In the European Union, the EU Wildlife Trade Regulation[1] is legislation to provide for the implementation of CITES within the EU, and additional measures. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in CITES (the United Nations Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) is an international agreement between governments drafted The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in [2] A database of species listed under the EU Wildlife Regulation is available. [3] Additionally, there is the EU Habitats Directive[4] and EU Birds Directive. [5]
NatureServe conservation status focuses on Latin America, USA, Canada and the Caribbean, It has been developed over the past three decades by scientists from NatureServe, The Nature Conservancy, and the network of natural heritage programs and conservation data centers. The NatureServe conservation status system was developed by NatureServe, The Nature Conservancy (TNC and the Natural Heritage Network as a ranking of the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting NatureServe is a non-profit environmental conservation organization The Nature Conservancy is a US charitable Environmental organization working to preserve the Plants, Animals, and natural communities It is increasingly integrated with the IUCN Red List system. Categories for species including: Presumed Extinct (GX), Possibly Extinct (GH), Critically Imperiled (G1), Imperiled (G2), Vulnerable (G3), Apparently Secure (G4), and Secure (G5). [6] The system also allows ambiguous or uncertain ranks including inexact numeric ranks (eg G2?), and range ranks (e. g G2G3) for when the exact rank is uncertain. NatureServe adds a qualifier for Captive or Cultivated Only (C), which has a similar meaning to the IUCN Red List Extinct in the Wild (EW) status,
Red Data Book of the Russian Federation is used within the Russian Federation. Red Data Book of the Russian Federation ( RDBRF) also known as Red Book (Красная книга or Russian Red Data Book is a state document established
National systems
- Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) describes lists of threatened species, ecological communities and threatening processes. The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act is an Act of the Parliament of Australia that provides a framework for protection of the The categories resemble those of the 1994 IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria (version 2. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global 3). Prior to the EPBC Act, a simpler classification system was used by the Endangered Species Protection Act 1992. State governments also have differing systems.
- Belgium. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO) publishes an online set of more than 150 nature indicators in Dutch. [7]
- Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page COSEWIC (The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada) is a committee of experts that assesses and designates which wild species are in some danger of disappearing from Canada[8] Under the Species at Risk Act (SARA), it is up to the federal government, which is politically accountable, to legally protect species assessed by COSEWIC. The Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada ( COSEWIC; French Le Comité sur la situation des espèces en péril au Canada, COSEPAC) is The Species at Risk Act (SARA is a piece of Canadian federal Legislation which became law in Canada on December 12, 2002. See also: British Columbia Red List.
- China. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The State, provinces and some counties have determined their key protected wildlife species. There is the China red data book.
- Finland. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. A large number of species are protected under the Nature Conservation Act, and through the EU Habitats Directive and EU Birds Directive. [9]
- India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Wild Life Protection Act, 1972, Amended 2003 Biological Diversity Act, 2002
- Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Ministry of Environment publishes a Threatened Wildlife of Japan Red Data Book. The of Japan was formed in 2001 from the sub-cabinet level Environmental Agency established in 1971 [10]
- The Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality publishes a list of threatened species, and conservation is enforced by the Nature Conservation Act 1998. The Ministry of Agriculture Nature and Food Quality ( Ministerie van Landbouw Natuurbeheer en Voedselkwaliteit; LNV is the Dutch Ministry of agriculture Species are also protected through the Wild Birds and Habitats Directives[11][12][13]
- New Zealand. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Department of Conservation publishes the New Zealand Threat Classification System lists. The Department of Conservation (In Māori, Te Papa Atawhai) commonly known by its acronym " DOC " is the state sector organisation The New Zealand Threat Classification System is used by the Department of Conservation to assess conservation priorities of species in New Zealand. Under this system threatened species or subspecies are assigned one of seven categories: Nationally Critical, Nationally Endangered, Nationally Vulnerable, Serious Decline, Gradual Decline, Sparse, or Range Restricted. While the classification looks only at a national level, many species are unique to New Zealand, and species which are secure overseas are noted as such.
- South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The South African National Biodiversity Institute, established under the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004, is responsible for drawing up lists of affected species, and monitoring compliance with CITES decisions. It is envisaged that previously diverse Red lists (e. g. for mammals, birds, and plants) would be more easily kept current, both technically and financially.
- Ukraine. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Ministry of Environment Protection maintains list of endangered species (divided into 7 categories from "0" - extinct to "VI" - rehabilitated) and publishes it within the Red Book of Ukraine.
- United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Endangered Species Act created the Endangered Species List. The Endangered Species Act of 1973 ( et seq or ESA is the most wide-ranging of the dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s This list contains only the bird and mammal species described as endangered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
Consumer guides
Consumer guides for seafood, such as Seafood Watch, generally divide fishes and other sea creatures into three categories, analogous to conservation status categories:
- Red ("say no" or "avoid")
- Yellow or orange ("think twice", "good alternatives" or "some concerns")
- Green ("best seafood choices"). Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such Seafood Watch is a program designed to raise consumer awareness about the importance of buying Seafood from sustainable sources
The categories do not simply reflect the imperilment of individual species, but also consider the environmental impacts of how and where they are fished, such as through bycatch or ocean bottom trawlers. Bottom trawling is Trawling (towing a trawl, which is a Fishing net) along the sea floor Often groups of species are assessed rather than individual species (e. g. Bluefin tuna or squid). Squid are marine Cephalopods of the order Teuthida, which comprises around 300 species
The Marine Conservation Society has 5 levels of ratings for seafood species, as displayed on their Fishonline website. The Marine Conservation Society (MCS is a UK -based NGO dedicated to the protection of the marine environment and its wildlife
See also
- Biodiversity Action Plan
- Bonn Convention
- Conservation status (TNC)
- Endangered species
- Ecoregion conservation status
- Lazarus taxon
- List of extinct animals
- Living Planet Index
- Red List Index
- Regional Red List
References
- ^ EU Wildlife Trade Regulation
- ^ UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
- ^ Animal Species - Taxonomic-1st-level-Search
- ^ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/nature_conservation/eu_nature_legislation/habitats_directive/index_en.htm
- ^ http://ec.europa.eu/environment/nature/nature_conservation/eu_nature_legislation/birds_directive/index_en.htm
- ^ InfoNatura: About the Data: Conservation Status
- ^ Research Institute for Nature and Forest
- ^ Cosewic
- ^ www.environment.fi - Protecting species
- ^ Threatened Species
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