Connacht Irish is the dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Connacht. A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Gaeltacht regions in Connacht are found in Counties Mayo (notably Tourmakeady, Achill Island and Erris) and Galway (notably in parts of Connemara and on the Aran Islands). ga '''Gaeltacht''' ( plural ga ''Gaeltachtaí'' is the Irish language word meaning an Irish-speaking region Tourmakeady (official name Tuar Mhic Éadaigh) is a rural district in County Mayo in the west of Ireland. Achill Island (ˈækəl Acaill Oileán Acla in County Mayo is the largest island of Ireland, and is situated off the west coast Erris is a barony in northwestern County Mayo in Ireland. The main town is Belmullet. County Galway (Contae na Gaillimhe is located on the West Coast of Ireland. Connemara (in Irish: Conamara) which derives from Conmhaicne Mara (meaning descendants of Con Mhac of the sea is a district in the west of The Aran Islands ( Irish: Oileáin Árann, Aran Islands Dialect: ˈɑːrənʲ ˈhɑːrənʲəxə are a group of three Islands located The Mayo and Galway varieties differ from each other in a variety of ways, as Mayo Irish has a number of features in common with Ulster Irish. Ulster Irish is the Dialect of the Irish language spoken in the province of Ulster.

Contents 1 Lexicon 2 Phonology 3 Morphology 3.1 Nouns 3.2 Verbs 4 References

Lexicon

Some differences between Mayo and Galway are seen in the lexicon:

Mayo	Galway	Gloss
cluinim	cloisim	"I hear"
eallach	beithígh	"cattle"
úr	nua	"new"
nimhneach	tinn	"sore"

Phonology

The phonemic inventory of Connacht Irish (based on the accent of Tourmakeady in Mayo^[1]) is as shown in the following chart (see International Phonetic Alphabet for an explanation of the symbols). The phoneME project is Sun Microsystems reference implementation of Java virtual machine and associated libraries of Java ME with source licensed under the GNU Tourmakeady (official name Tuar Mhic Éadaigh) is a rural district in County Mayo in the west of Ireland. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Symbols appearing in the upper half of each row are velarized (traditionally called "broad" consonants) while those in the bottom half are palatalized ("slender"). Velarization is a Secondary articulation of Consonants by which the back of the Tongue is raised toward the velum during the articulation of the Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process The consonant /h/ is neither broad or slender.

Consonant phonemes	Labial						Coronal						Dorsal				Glottal
	Bilabial		Labio- dental		Labio- velar		Dental		Alveolar		Alveolo- palatal		Palatal		Velar
Plosive	pˠ pʲ	bˠ bʲ					t̪ˠ	d̪ˠ	tʲ	dʲ			c	ɟ	k	ɡ
Fricative/ Approximant			fˠ fʲ	vʲ		w			sˠ		ʃ		ç	j	x	ɣ	h
Nasal		mˠ mʲ						n̪ˠ n̪ʲ		nˠ nʲ				ɲ		ŋ
Tap										ɾˠ ɾʲ
Lateral approximant								l̪ˠ l̪ʲ		lˠ lʲ

The vowels of Connacht Irish are as shown on the following chart. Labials are consonants articulated either with both lips ( bilabial articulation or with the lower lip and the upper teeth ( labiodental articulation Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the Tongue. Dorsal consonants are articulated with the mid body of the Tongue (the dorsum Glottal consonants are Consonants articulated with the Glottis. In Phonetics, a bilabial consonant is a Consonant articulated with both Lips The bilabial consonants identified by the International Phonetic Alphabet In Phonetics, labiodentals are Consonants articulated with the lower Lip and the upper Teeth. The term labiovelar is ambiguous It may mean labial-velar (a Consonant made at two places of articulation, one at the lips and the other at the soft In Linguistics, a dental consonant or dental is a Consonant that is articulated with the tongue against the upper teeth such as /t/ /d/ /n/ and Alveolar consonants are articulated with the tongue against or close to the superior Alveolar ridge, which is called that because it contains the alveoli (the sockets In Phonetics, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) Consonants are palatalized postalveolar Fricatives articulated with Palatal consonants are Consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the Hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together Approximants are speech sounds ( Phonemes) that could be regarded as intermediate between Vowels and typical Consonants In the articulation of approximants A nasal consonant (also called nasal stop or nasal continuant) is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth allowing air to escape freely through the In Phonetics, a flap or tap is a type of Consonantal sound which is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (such as the Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract These positions are only approximate, as vowels are strongly influenced by the palatalization and velarization of surrounding consonants.

In addition, Connacht has the diphthongs /iə, uə, əi, əu/. In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with

Some characteristics of Connacht that distinguish it from the other dialects are:

• In some varieties, vowel lengthening before word-internal clusters of voiced stop + liquid (e. In Linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a Vowel sound Voice or voicing is a term used in Phonetics and Phonology to characterize speech sounds, with sounds described as either voiceless A stop, plosive, or occlusive is a Consonant sound produced by stopping the airflow in the Vocal tract. Liquid consonants, or liquids, are Approximant Consonants that are not classified as Semivowels (glides because they do not correspond phonetically g. /ɑːgləʃ/ eaglais "church"
• In some varieties, a four-way distinction among coronal nasals and laterals: /n̪ˠ ~ n̪ʲ ~ nˠ ~ nʲ/, /l̪ˠ ~ l̪ʲ ~ lˠ ~ lʲ/, often without lengthening of orthographic short vowels before them. Coronal consonants are articulated with the flexible front part of the Tongue. A nasal consonant (also called nasal stop or nasal continuant) is produced with a lowered velum in the mouth allowing air to escape freely through the Laterals are "L"-like Consonants pronounced with an occlusion made somewhere along the axis of the tongue while air from the lungs escapes at one side or both
• In the variety spoken in Cois Fhairrge (the area along the north shore of Galway Bay between Barna and Casla), underlying short /a/ is realized as a long front [aː] while underlying long /aː/ is realized as a back [ɑː]. Galway Bay ( Irish: Loch Lurgan or Cuan na Gaillimhe) is a large bay / Sea Loch on the West Coast Bearna, also known as Barna, is a Village west of Galway city in County Galway, Ireland, on the R336 Regional road A front vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a front vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far forward A back vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a back vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far back as
• /n/ is realized as [r] (or is replaced by /r/) after consonants other than [s]. This happens in Ulster as well.

Morphology

Nouns

In some dialects of Connacht the plural endings -anna and -acha are always replaced by -annaí and -achaí. It is also common in many Gaelic-speaking areas of Connemara that the dative singular form of all 2nd declension nouns has been generally adopted as the nominative, giving these nouns the typical ending in palatalized consonants in the nominative singular. The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given The declension of Irish Nouns the definite article, and the Adjectives is discussed on this page The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other This is indicated in the spelling by the letter i before the final consonant. Irish Orthography has evolved over many centuries since Old Irish was first written down in the Latin alphabet in about the sixth century AD

Connemara form	Standard form	Gloss
-achaí, -annaí	-acha, -anna	Plural ending
bróig	bróg	"shoe"
ceird	ceard	"craft"
cluais	cluas	"ear"
cois	cos	"foot, leg"
láimh	lámh	"hand"

Verbs

Irish verbs are characterized by having a mixture of analytic forms (where information about person is provided by a pronoun) and synthetic forms (where information about number is provided in an ending on the verb) in their conjugation. Irish Verb forms are constructed either synthetically or analytically. Grammatical person, in Linguistics, is deictic reference to a participant in an event such as the speaker the Addressee, or others In Linguistics and Grammar, a pronoun is a Pro-form that substitutes for a (including a noun phrase consisting of a single Noun) with or In Mayo, as in Ulster, the analytic forms are used in a variety of forms where the standard language has synthetic forms, e. g. molann muid "we praise" (standard molaimid) or mholfadh siad "they would praise" (standard mholfaidís).

Díonaim (I make/I do) in standard Irish (Déanaim)

References

1. ^ de Búrca, Seán (1958). The Irish of Tourmakeady, Co. Mayo. Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. ISBN 0-901282-49-9.  

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