Constantine Falkland Cary Smythe MC (February 1, 1895 – November 18, 1980) was a Canadian builder in the National Hockey League. The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page A builder of hockey is a person who works to "manage" or build the game The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America He is best known as the principal owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs from 1927 to 1961 and as the builder of Maple Leaf Gardens. "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St This article is about the arena For the company formerly known as Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd
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Early years
Born on February 1, 1895, in Toronto, Smythe went to high school at Upper Canada College (until his father, a journalist, could no longer afford the tuition) and Jarvis Collegiate Institute. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Upper Canada College (UCC is a private elementary and Secondary school for boys in downtown Toronto, Canada. Jarvis Collegiate Institute is a High school in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. His parents were Albert Smythe, an Irish Protestant from County Antrim who emigrated to Canada in 1889, and Amelia Constantine. Amelia was remembered as a drinker and troublemaker, and died in 1906. Smythe never liked his given name, Constantine, and when he was finally christened at age 9 he insisted on it being changed to Conn, in tribute to King Conn, the Irish ruler who fought 100 battles. Albert Smythe was a devoted member of Madame Blavatsky's Theosophical movement, and was a charter member of the Theosophical Society of Canada in 1891, editing its newsletter until the final years of his life. Although he would share his father's devotion to Theosophy, after the death of his mother, Conn Smythe became estranged from Albert, who began a new relationship, with Jane Henderson. At the age of 16, Conn Smythe met Irene Sands, his future wife. Albert Smythe wanted his son to study law, but Smythe defied his father, bolting at age 17 to become a homesteader on 150 acres in Clute Township,near Cochrane, Ontario. Cochrane Ontario, Canada, is a northern Ontario town situated on Highway 11 After one summer and a devastating fire, he returned to Toronto to begin engineering studies at the University of Toronto in the fall of 1912. [1] There he played hockey as a centre, leading the Varsity Blues men's ice hockey team to the finals of the 1914 Ontario Hockey Association junior championships and to the OHA junior championship the following year. Centre ( center in the USA) in Ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice Senior team The Varsity Blues graduates were a successful OHA Senior "A" team in the 1920s and 1930s The Ontario Hockey Association is the governing body for the majority of Junior and Senior level Ice hockey teams in the Province of Ontario. The coach of the losing team in 1915 was Frank J. Selke, who years later would work for Smythe at Maple Leaf Gardens. Francis Joseph Aloysius Selke ( May 7, 1893 – July 3, 1985) was a Canadian hockey manager in the National Hockey This article is about the arena For the company formerly known as Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd In between seasons, Smythe also played on the U of T football team, although not as a starter.
Serves in the First World War
The First World War interrupted his studies. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A week after winning the OHA championship in March 1915, Smythe and his eight teammates enlisted. Smythe would recall that they tried to enlist at the beginning of the 1914–15 season, but were told to come back when they had beards. After securing a provisional rank of lieutenant with the 2nd (Ottawa) Battery, 8th Brigade, on July 17, he headed to the Royal School of Artillery in Kingston, Ontario, in August for five weeks of training. He made full lieutenant on September 11, and was able to get himself transferred to the 40th (Sportsmen's) Battery of Hamilton, organized by publishing figure Harry Southam. The unit, with Smythe as team manager, organized a team to compete in the Ontario Hockey Association's senior league—one of four Toronto-based teams in the league in 1916. The Ontario Hockey Association is the governing body for the majority of Junior and Senior level Ice hockey teams in the Province of Ontario. He played one game at centre, and then decided to replace himself with a better player. The team didn't complete the season, as the 40th Battery went overseas in February 1916. On March 5, 1917, Smythe was awarded the Military Cross for "dispersing an enemy party at a critical time. The Military Cross ( MC) is the third level Military decoration awarded to officers and (since 1993 other ranks of the British Army and formerly also to Himself accounted for three of the enemy with his revolver. " After the death of his commanding officer, Major Gordon Sutherland, Smythe transferred to the Royal Flying Corps in July 1917. The Royal Flying Corps (RFC was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. One of his instructors was Billy Barker, who would later become the first president of the Toronto Maple Leafs. This article is about the First World War pilot For William George Barker Film producer and director see Will Barker. He served as an airborne observer, directing artillery fire. Smythe was shot down by the Germans and captured on October 14, 1917. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year He was imprisoned by the Germans at Schweidnitz (Swidnica) in Upper Silesia. He made two failed escape attempts and ended up in solitary confinement as a result. He was a POW until the end of the war. [2]
Builds the New York Rangers
Following the war, Smythe returned to Toronto and became a partner in paving business which soon expanded into sand and gravel. He went back to U of T and graduated with a civil engineering degree in 1920 and was married during the school year. Smythe and his business partner split, with Smythe getting the sand and gravel business. In the evenings, he was a hockey coach, and occasionally took U of T teams to the Boston area for games against colleges from that area. In 1926, Charles Adams, owner of the Boston Bruins, recommended him to Col. Charles Francis Adams ( 18 October, 1876 –1947 was the first Owner of the Boston Bruins in the 1924–1925 season and owner of one The Boston Bruins are a professional Ice hockey team based in Boston Massachusetts. John S. Hammond, representing the owners of the new New York Rangers franchise, who was looking for someone to build his team. Col John S Hammond was an original sponsor and the first president of the New York Rangers franchise in the National Hockey League. The New York Rangers are a professional Ice hockey team based in New York, New York, United States. Smythe was hired as general manager and coach. But on October 27, 1926—before the Rangers had played a single regular season game—Smythe was fired by Hammond in favour of Lester Patrick. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Curtis Lester "The Silver Fox" Patrick ( December 30, 1883 – June 1, 1960) born in Drummondville Quebec Canada, was a Smythe believed that he lost his job by refusing to sign two-time NHL scoring champion Babe Dye, despite Hammond's wishes. Cecil Henry "Babe" Dye ( May 13, 1898 – January 2, 1962) was a Canadian Professional hockey Dye would go on to score just one more goal in his NHL career before retiring. Publicly, Hammond and Smythe said the parting was on good terms and was because Smythe couldn't be away from his sand and gravel business in the summers. The Rangers would win the Stanley Cup in 1928--only their second year of existence--largely with the players Smythe assembled. The Stanley Cup (La Coupe Stanley is an Ice hockey club championship Trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL playoffs champion The 1927–28 NHL season was the eleventh season of the National Hockey League.
Smythe returned to Toronto and offered to coach the Toronto St. Pats, but was rejected in favour of Mike Rodden. "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St Michael James Rodden ( April 24, 1891 – January 11, 1978) was a Canadian sports journalist National Hockey League Instead, he coached the Varsity Graduates hockey team to the Allan Cup. The Allan Cup is the trophy awarded to the national senior amateur men’s Ice hockey champions of Canada. The team went on to win the gold medal at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz the following year, but Smythe refused to go after two Varsity Blues players he had promised could be part of the team were blocked by what Smythe described as a "pressure play" from two Grads players to get relatives placed on the team instead. At the 1928 Winter Olympics, the Ice hockey event was contested by 11 teams St Moritz ( German: Sankt Moritz, Romansh: San Murezzan) is an exclusive resort town in the Engadine valley in Switzerland One of the players was Joe Sullivan, who years later became a Canadian senator. Joseph "Joe" Albert Taylor Sullivan ( January 8, 1901 &ndash September 30, 1988) was a Canadian Olympic ice hockey
Smythe and the Maple Leafs
Bitter over his dismissal by the Rangers, on February 14, 1927, Smythe took his severance pay—boosted by some gambling winnings—and with the help of some partners bought the Toronto St. Pats for $160,000 (J. P. Bickell, whose shares were valued at $40,000, kept his stake in the team, while Smythe and his partners bought out the other shareholders). Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St John Paris "J P" Bickell ( September 26, 1884 – August 22, 1951) was a Canadian businessman philanthropist and sports The team was renamed the Toronto Maple Leafs and played the rest of the season under the new name. "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St St. Pats owner Charlie Querrie had been mulling a larger bid from a Philadelphia group, but Smythe persuaded him that civic pride was more important than money. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə
Although Smythe was the largest shareholder, his name was initially kept in the background. However, when the Leafs promoted a public share offering to raise capital, it announced that "one of the most prominent hockey coaches in Toronto" would be taking over management of the club. [3] That prominent coach turned out to be Smythe. He succeeded Querrie as the team's governor, and installed himself as general manager. The next season, Smythe changed the team's colours from green and white to their present blue and white. While he claimed that the blue stood for the Canadian skies and the white for snow, it has been a long-standing tradition that top-level Toronto teams wear blue. At the start of the next season Smythe took over as coach as well. The 1927–28 NHL season was the eleventh season of the National Hockey League. For the next three years, he was a one-man band as governor, general manager and coach.
Smythe had a life-long involvement with horse racing, and on September 20, 1930 his horse, Rare Jewel, won the Coronation Stakes at Woodbine Racetrack in Toronto. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. History The current Woodbine carries the name originally used by a racetrack which operated in east Toronto at Queen Street East and Kingston Road from 1874 through 1993 The horse had been a 100–1 longshot paying $214. 40 on a $2 bet, and Smythe had bet heavily on the race. Between the winnings from his bet and his portion of the winner's purse as horse owner, Smythe won more than $10,000 on that one race. Three weeks later, he put his windfall to work for the Leafs by purchasing star defenceman King Clancy from the depression-strapped Ottawa Senators for $35,000. Francis Michael "King" Clancy ( February 25, 1903 – November 10, 1986) was a Canadian professional Ice hockey The Ottawa Senators (officially the Ottawa Hockey Club) were an amateur later professional senior men's Ice hockey team based in Ottawa from 1883
Before the 1931–32 NHL season, Smythe led the construction of Maple Leaf Gardens. The 1931–32 NHL season was the fifteenth season of the National Hockey League (NHL This article is about the arena For the company formerly known as Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd In its first season in the new building, the franchise won its first Stanley Cup as the Maple Leafs. As part of a corporate reorganization, ownership of the Leafs was transferred to the new Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. ; Smythe remained the largest shareholder.
Serves in the Second World War
In the Second World War, at age 45, Smythe again served in the Canadian Army. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Land Force Command ( LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. Initially, he was a captain in charge of a troop within the Canadian Officers Training Corps, based at the University of Toronto. In 1941, he formed the 30th Battery—a sportsmen's anti-aircraft battery that was part of the 6th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment of the Royal Canadian Artillery. The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian [4] Smythe was made acting major and Officer Commanding. The Officer Commanding ( OC) is the commander of a sub-unit or minor unit (smaller than Battalion size in widespread military usage He was offered a higher rank to become the army's sports officer, but turned it down. After being stationed in England for nearly two years, Smythe and his unit were sent to France in July 1944, where within three weeks he was badly wounded when the Germans bombed an ammunition depot. For the rest of his life he would walk with a limp and suffer bowel and urinary tract problems. He was sent back to Canada in September on a hospital ship. Smythe then became a vocal critic of government policy that made overseas service voluntary, and was threatened with a court martial.
Becomes majority owner of the Leafs
In the fall of 1940, Smythe had made former team captain Hap Day—who had also become partner in the sand and gravel business—the new coach of the Leafs, replacing the Leafs' coach since 1931, Dick Irvin. Clarence Henry "Happy" Day ( June 1, 1901 – February 17, 1990) later known as Hap Day, was a Canadian James Dickinson "Dick" Irvin ( Sr) ( July 19, 1892 – May 15, 1957 was a Canadian Ice hockey player A committee, headed by Ed Bickle, Bill MacBrien, and Selke ran Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. W A H MacBrien was vice president and later Board Chairman of the NHL's Toronto Maple Leafs for much of the 1940s and 1950s
Upon his return from the military, Smythe found himself in the middle of a power struggle over the presidency of Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. Smythe suspected that MacBrien, a member of the board of directors, wanted to succeed Bickle as president and give Smythe's job to Selke, who had been acting general manager in Smythe's absence. Smythe wanted to be president and asked Selke for his support. Selke equivocated, and relationship between the two longtime friends turned acrimonious, leading to Selke's resignation in May 1946. Two months later, he became manager of the Montreal Forum and head of hockey operations for the Montreal Canadiens. The Montreal Forum was an Indoor arena located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The Montreal Canadiens (Les Canadiens de Montréal are a professional Ice hockey team based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
With the support of J. P. Bickell and with the help of a $300,000 loan from Toronto stockbroker and Gardens shareholder Percy Gardiner, Smythe was able to buy enough stock to become majority shareholder of Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. John Paris "J P" Bickell ( September 26, 1884 – August 22, 1951) was a Canadian businessman philanthropist and sports He was thus able to install himself as president of the Gardens on November 19, 1947. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [5][6][7] Andy Lytle, sports editor of the Toronto Star, said the appointment "simply makes official what he has been for years in actuality . The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. . . Smythe and the Gardens are synonymous terms. "[8] MacBrien was made chairman. Smythe repaid his debt to Gardiner by 1960. [5] He later succeeded MacBrien as chairman of the board.
Smythe oversaw one of hockey's greatest dynasties when Toronto won six Stanley Cups in 10 seasons between 1942 and 1951. For other uses see Dynasty (disambiguation. A Sports dynasty is a team that dominates their sport or league for multiple seasons or years The 1941–42 NHL season was the 25th season of the National Hockey League. The 1950–51 NHL season was the 34th season of the National Hockey League. Hap Day coached the team to five of those Cups and was assistant general manager for the sixth. He was named in a poll of Canadian sports editors the "most dominating personality in any capacity in sports" for 1949. Notably, only two of these teams finished first overall, and one barely made the playoffs with a record three games under . 500. However, Smythe was known for caring little about gaudy regular season records. From the 1940s onward, his two mantras to Leafs teams were to make the playoffs and keep the turnstiles clicking at Maple Leaf Gardens. [9] In part because of this, the Leafs did not post a 100-point season until 1999–2000, 20 years after Smythe's death. The 1999–2000 NHL season was the 83rd Regular season of the National Hockey League.
However, the Leafs spent most of the 1950s as a mediocre team, struggling under three different coaches while Day remained assistant general manager under Smythe. Even so, in 1955, Smythe turned over most responsibility for hockey operations to Day, but nominally remained general manager. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) [10] However, just after the Leafs were eliminated from the playoffs in 1957, Smythe told the media that it had been "a season of failure" and that he didn't know if the 55-year-old Day would be available for the next season. It was a public rebuke that triggered the response Smythe wanted: Day resigned.
In March 1957, Smythe resigned as general manager and turned the operation of the hockey team over to a seven-person committee, headed by his son, Stafford Smythe. Conn Stafford Smythe ( March 15 1921 – October 13, 1971) was the son of Conn Smythe and president of Maple Leaf Gardens Newspaper owner John Bassett was another member of the committee, which became known as the Silver Seven, as was Percy Gardiner's son, George Gardiner. John White Hughes Bassett, PC, OC, OOnt ( August 25, 1915 &ndash April 27, 1998) was a Canadian Initially, all members were in their 30s or early 40s, but that changed before the end of the year when 54-year-old Harold Ballard, president of the Toronto Marlboros, was appointed to the committee to fill a vacancy. Harold E Ballard ( July 30, 1903 – April 11, 1990) was an owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League The Toronto Marlborough Athletic Club, commonly known as the Toronto Marlboros, was founded in 1903
Sells to his son and partners
Though the committee made most decisions involving the Leafs, Smythe was not a hands-off owner and was constantly fighting with his son. After four years, he offered to sell his shares to Stafford and in November 1961, Smythe sold 45,000 of his 50,000 shares in Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. to a partnership of his son, Ballard, and Bassett for $2. 3 million--a handsome return on his investment of 34 years earlier. Smythe would later claim that he thought he was selling the company only to his son, but there is skepticism that he could have believed that Stafford could have come up with the millions of dollars needed to purchase the shares on his own.
Smythe remained chairman of the board until 1964, when Bassett succeeded him. In 1965, he unsuccessfully lobbied for the Canadian Red Ensign to be flown at the Gardens instead of the new Flag of Canada. The Canadian Red Ensign is the former flag of Canada, used officially by the federal government though it was never adopted as official by the Parliament of Canada The National Flag of Canada, also known as the Maple Leaf, and fr l'Unifolié ( French for "the one-leafed" is a red Flag In March 1966, Smythe sold his remaining shares and resigned from the board of directors after a Muhammad Ali boxing match was scheduled for the Gardens. Biography Early life Cassius Clay Jr was born on January 17 1942 He found Ali's refusal to serve in the U. S. Army in the Vietnam War to be offensive and said that by accepting the fight, Gardens owners had "put cash ahead of class. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia "[11]
Other accomplishments and honours
Smythe supervised the construction of the Hockey Hall of Fame building in Toronto in 1961. The Hockey Hall of Fame ( Temple de la renommée du hockey in French) is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario He served as the Hall's chairman for several years, but resigned in June 1971 when Busher Jackson was posthumously elected into the hall. In his letter of resignation, Smythe said that induction to the hall was supposed to be reserved for people with "integrity and character" and that Jackson's admission showed those standards were being ignored.
The National Hockey League honoured Smythe's contribution to the game by introducing a Conn Smythe Trophy in 1965 to be presented to the Most Valuable Player in the Stanley Cup playoffs. The Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged most valuable to his team during the National Hockey League 's Stanley Cup playoffs A playoff or final in Sports is a game or series of games played after the regular season is over with the goal of determining a league champion or a similar accolade After his death, the trophy was renamed the Conn Smythe Memorial Trophy. The league also named one of its four divisions, the Smythe Division, after him prior to the 1974–75 season. The NHL 's Smythe Division was formed in 1974 as part of the Clarence Campbell Conference. The 1974–75 NHL season was the 58th season of the National Hockey League.
After the Second World War, Smythe became heavily involved in the Ontario Society for Crippled Children. In Canada Easter Seals is a group of Charitable organizations which provide opportunities for children with physical and/or mental disabilities.
Smythe died on November 18, 1980 in Caledon, Ontario at the age of 85. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Caledon ( 2006 Population 57050 is a Town in the Regional Municipality of Peel in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, He is interred at Park Lawn Cemetery in Toronto. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario His autobiography, Conn Smythe: If You Can't Beat 'Em in the Alley, written with Scott Young, was published posthumously in 1981. Scott Young ( April 14, 1918 &ndash June 12, 2005) was a Canadian Journalist, Sportswriter, Novelist The title was taken from Smythe's credo, "If you can't beat 'em in the alley, you can't beat 'em on the ice. "
See also
References
- ^ War Games: Conn Smythe and Hockey's Fighting Men, by Douglas Hunter. This is a list of family relations in the National Hockey League. The Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged most valuable to his team during the National Hockey League 's Stanley Cup playoffs Penguin Books Canada, 1996. ISBN 0–14–025685. 7
- ^ War Games: Conn Smythe and Hockey's Fighting Men, by Douglas Hunter. Penguin Books Canada, 1996.
- ^ "The Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club, Limited" (advertisement), Toronto Star, February 17, 1927, p. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 18.
- ^ Ockenden, Michael (2006), Canucks by the Sea, Eastbourne Local History Society, ISBN 0 9547647 1 4
- ^ a b Centre Ice: The Smythe Family, the Gardens, and the Toronto Maple Leafs Hockey Club, Thomas Stafford Smythe with Kevin Shea, Fenn Publishing Co. , 2000
- ^ "Baseball's bankroll gone," Milt Dunnell, Toronto Star, July 5, 1965
- ^ Champions: The Illustrated History of Hockey's Greatest Dynasties, Douglas Hunter, Triumph Books, 1997. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Speaking on sport, Andy Lytle, Toronto Star, November 21, 1947, p. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 16.
- ^ Hunter, Douglas (1997). Champions: The Illustrated History of Hockey's Greatest Dynasties. Chicago: Triumph Books. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. ISBN 1572432166.
- ^ http://assets.mapleleafs.com/assets/history/all_time_captains_coaches_GMs.pdf
- ^ "'Cash rated over class' Conn quits," Ken McKee, Toronto Star, March 8, 1966
| Preceded by Charles Querrie |
General Manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs 1927-57 |
Succeeded by Hap Day |
| Preceded by none |
List of Owners of the Toronto Maple Leafs 1927-1961 |
Succeeded by 'Maple Leaf Gardens Limited' (Harold Ballard, Stafford Smythe and John Bassett) |
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