The Congress of Cúcuta was a constituent assembly where the Greater Colombia was created. A constituent assembly is a body elected with the purpose of drafting and in some cases adopting a Constitution. Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831 Simón Bolívar and Francisco de Paula Santander became the president and the vicepresident respectively of the mentioned nation on this congress. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia
The result of the congress was the Constitution of Cúcuta. The Constitution of Cúcuta, also known as Constitution of the Gran Colombia and Constitution of 1821 was the founding document and Constitution of
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Events leading to the Congress of Cúcuta
Prior to 1819, Simón Bolívar, as well as others who facilitated the revolutionary establishment of the First Venezuelan Republic, referred to all of South America as Colombia. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The First Republic of Venezuela ( Primera República de Venezuela in Spanish) is the term used by historians to refer to the first period of the Venezuelan War South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a The Congress of Angostura in 1819 used the nomenclature Greater Colombia to describe a federal republic. The Congress of Angostura was summoned by Simon Bolivar and took place in Angostura (today Ciudad Bolivar from February 15, 1819 to July Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831 A federal republic is a Federation of States with a republican form of government Greater Colombia's territory encompassed modern-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama, and several other small countries; the cities of Bogotá, Caracas, and Quito became capitals within this region. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America. Greater Colombia was largely independent from Spain at the time of the Congress of Cúcuta. Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831 Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
Modern day Colombia and Panama were considered part of New Granada. The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America
Places that were related to the Congress of Cúcuta, together with the House of Santander (Casa de Santander), are now protected due to historic significance, and form part of the Park of the Great Colombia. The House of Santander is the place where the hero of the Colombian independence Francisco de Paula Santander lived his first 13 years Historic preservation or heritage conservation is a professional endeavor that seeks to preserve the ability of older (e The El Parque de la Gran Colombia (Spanish for Greater Colombia Park or Park of the Greater Colombia) is an historical and tourist complex located in the locality
Cúcuta was the birthplace of Simon Bolivar's dream of uniting South America in one single federal state, and of the principles upon which the political institutions of South America would replace those inherited from the 300 years of Spanish colonial history. Cúcuta (ˈkukuta is a Colombian city, capital of the North Santander Department and located in the northeast of the country Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries
The Meeting of the Congress
The Congress of Cúcuta, which took place on August 30, 1821 in the city of Cúcuta, established the law of the Republic of Gran Colombia (Greater Colombia), and determined the country's capital and political boundaries. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Cúcuta (ˈkukuta is a Colombian city, capital of the North Santander Department and located in the northeast of the country Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831 The convention, organized by Antonio Nariño and led by Simón Bolívar, resulted in the Constitution of Cúcuta (also called the Constitution of 1821). Antonio Nariño was an ideological precursor and one of the early political and military leaders of the independence movement in Colombia, then known as Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash At 11 o'clock on the morning of 3 October 1821 Simon Bolivar entered the debating chamber of the Congress of Cúcuta, located at the time in the sacristy of the parish church of the town of Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta (the old name for the town). Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash He was accompanied by a commission of deputies and the members of the joint chiefs of staff of his armed forces. He sat beside the speaker of the assembly and, whilst the entire assembly stood, was sworn in as the President of the nascent Republic of Greater Colombia, composed of Venezuela and Cundinarmaca, the name by which New Granada was now to be known. After a speech, and the naming of Francisco de Paula Santander as Vice-President, the text of the Constitution of the new republic was read out. Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia
Results of the Constitution and effects of the Congress
Under the Constitution, Bolivar was elected president and Santander vicepresident of the Greater Colombia. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash Francisco José de Paula Santander y Omaña ( April 2, 1792 - May 6, 1840) was one of the military and political leaders during Colombia Gran Colombia ( Spanish for Great Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831
Bolivar's Speech
Sir:
The oath I have just taken in my capacity as President of Colombia represents for me an act of conscience, which further places me under the obligation to submit to the laws of my country. List of Presidents of Colombia The President of Colombia (Presidente de Colombia is the Head of state and Head of government of the Republic of Colombia Only a profound sense of respect for the will of the people could compel me to submit to the onerous position of Supreme Magistrate. The gratitude for so doing which I feel emanates from the representatives of the people, moreover, imposes upon me the pleasant duty, to continue in the service of my country, to defend, with my possessions, my blood and my honour, this Constitution, which cements the Rights of Man, joining them in the cause of freedom, the public good, and glory. Rights of Man (1787 by Thomas Paine, posits that popular political revolution is permissible when a government does not safeguard its people their natural rights The Constitution of Colombia, together with her independence, will constitute the Holy Altar on which I shall make the necessary sacrifices. For her I will march to the very edge of Colombia to break the chains which bind the sons of Ecuador, and, making them free, invite them to join her.
Sir, I hope that you will authorize me to join together, in beneficence, those peoples which nature and Heaven have made our brothers. Once this work, born of our wisdom and my zeal, is done, nothing will remain for us to achieve but peace, so that we may give to Colombia its rest and its glory. Therefore, Sir, I preach you ardently, do not show yourself deaf to the call of my conscience and my honour, which bid me loudly to remain solely a citizen. I feel the necessity of quitting the Presidency of the Republic, which the people hold as the Master of their Hearts. I am the son of war; a man brought to power only by dint of combat; fortunehas kept for me this rank and victory has confirmed me in it. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units The ComBat was an Aluminium Cricket bat and the subject of an incident that occurred at the WACA cricket ground in Perth in December 1979. But these are not the titles consecrated by justice, good fortune, and the will of the people. The sword which has governed Colombia is not the scales of justice, but the whip of misfortune which, sometimes, Heaven lets fall to Earth to punish tyrants and boastful nations. That sword serves no purpose when there is peace, and this should be the last time I am permitted to wield it; so I have sworn to myself, because I have promised it to Colombia, and because there can be no Republic where the people cannot wield power. A man such as myself, is a dangerous thing in a popular government; my existence is a clear and present danger to the sovereignty of the nation. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system I would wish to be a citizen, a free man, so that all may be free men. I prefer the name of Citizen to that of Liberator, for the latter being born of war, the former is born of law. I beseech thee, Sir, I should give up all my titles, if in exchange I could procure but one: that of The Good Citizen.
Fundamental Law
"The Sovereign Congress of Venezuela, to which authority the people of the Republic of the New Granada have voluntarily stood by. Republic of New Granada was a centralist republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Ecuador,
Considering:
- That united in a single Republic, the provinces of Venezuela and the New Granada have all proportions and ways to elevate themselves to a higher grade of power and prosperity.
- That constituted in separate republics, for more stronger the ties that these have united them, so far from taking advantages of so many advantages, they would hardly consolidate and make respect their sovereignty.
- That these truths, highly penetrated by superior talented men and of an enlightened patriotism, had moved the governments of both republics to convene in a reunion that the vicissitudes of wars decreed and decree the following fundamental Law of the Republic of Colombia:
ARTICLE 1. The Republics of Venezuela and New Granada are from this day on united in a single one under the glorious tittle of Republic of Colombia.
ARTICLE 2. Their territory will be the one that the Former General Capitancies of Venezuela and the Viceroyalty of New Granada covering a total area of 115 thousand sq. The Viceroyalty of New Granada (Virreinato de la Nueva Granada was the name given on May 27, 1717 to a Spanish colonial jurisdiction in northern South America leagues, which in better circumstances will be defined precisely. A league is a unit of Length or Area long common in Europe and Latin America, although no longer an official unit in any nation
ARTICLE 3. Debts acquired by both republics will be recognized in solidum by this law as a National debt of Colombia to which payment will be attached all goods and properties of the nation, and the most productive branches of the public rent will also be destined to pay these.
ARTICLE 4. The Executive Power of the Republic will be vested on the President and in case of his defect a Vice President and his replacement will be appointed interimly by the acting Congress.
ARTICLE 5. The Republic of Colombia will be divided into three great departments, Venezuela, Quito and Cundinamarca, that will contain the Provinces of New Granada which name will be suppressed from now on. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America. The capitals of these departments will be the cities of Caracas, Quito and Bogotá, this last one without the name addition of Santa Fe. Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America.
ARTICLE 6. Each department will have a superior administration and a chief, appointed, for now by this congress, with the tittle of Vice President.
ARTICLE 7. A new city which will be named after El Libertador Simon Bolivar will be the capital of the Republic of Colombia. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash Its plan and situation will be determined by the First General Congress under the principle of proportioning it with the necessities of the three departments, and the greatness of these large country is destined by nature.
ARTICLE 8. The General Congress of Colombia will meet on January 1, 1821 in Villa del Rosario de Cúcuta which is central to the country and will facilitate the reunion. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year its convocation will be done by the President on January 1, 1820 in accordance with a previously regulated memos that will be formulated by a Special Commission and under the approval of the current Congress. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
ARTICLE 9. The constitution of the Republic of Colombia will be formulated by its General Congress, which will be presented as a draft project, and its laws will later be tested in execution.
ARTICLE 10. The Arms and the Colombian pavilion will be decreed by the General Congress and will use the Arms and Pavilion of Venezuela because it is more known.
ARTICLE 11. The current Congress will go on recess on January 15, 1820 due to new elections for the General Congress of Colombia. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year
Article 12. A commission of six members an a President will temporarily replace Congress and with special attributions that will be determined by a decree.
ARTICLE 13. The Republic of Colombia will be solemnly proclaimed in towns and armies, with parties and public demonstrations, which will be verified in this capital on the 25th day of this present December in celebration of the birthday of the World's saviour, that under his sponsoring we have achieved this wished reunion and in which the state hasa regenerated.
ARTICLE 14. The anniversary of this political regeneration will be celebrated perpetually with a national feast in which there will be awarded, just like in Olympia, the virtuous and the enlightened. Olympia ( Greek: Olympí'a or Olýmpia, older transliterations Olimpia, Olimbia) a sanctuary of ancient Greece
The present fundamental law of the Republic of Colombia is solemnly proclaimed only in towns and armies, registered in all public registries and saved in every municipal cabildos and corporations, ecclesiastic or secular.
Given in the sovereign Palace of the Congress of Venezuela in the City of Santo Tomas de Angostura, ten days before the month of December, in the lords' year of eighteen nineteen. Ninth of the Independence.
The President of Congress, Francisco Antonio Zea; Juan Germán Roscio; Manuel Sedeño; Juan Martínez; José España; Luis Tomás Peraza; Antonio M. Briceño; Eusebio Afanador; Francisco Conde; Diego Bautista Urbaneja; Juan Vicente Cardozo; Ignacio Muñoz; Ramón García Cádiz. The Deputy Secretary, Diego de Vallenilla.
Palace of the Sovereign Congress of Venezuela in Angostura, December 17, 1819. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year -9º
The sovereign Congress decrees that this fundamental law of the Republic of Colombia must be informed to the Executive Supreme Power for its approval and then published and accomplished.
The President of Congress, Francisco Antonio Zea. The deputy secretary, Diego de Vallenilla. Palace of the Sovereign Congress of Venezuela in Angostura, December 17, 1819. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year -9º Print it, Publish it, execute and Authorize with the Seal of the State.
By his Excellency the President of the Republic. Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar Palacios y Blanco,Venezuelan or commonly known as Simón Bolívar ( July 24, 1783 &ndash The minister of Interior and Justice.
Diego B. Urbaneja.
See also
- House of Santander
- Historic church
- Great Colombian Park
- Cúcuta
- Villa del Rosario
- Earthquake of Cúcuta
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