A concentrate is a form of substance which has had the majority of its base component (in the case of a liquid: the solvent) removed. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Typically this will be the removal of water from a solution or suspension such as the removal of water from fruit juice. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Chemistry, a solution is a Homogeneous Mixture composed of two or more substances In Chemistry, A suspension is a Heterogenous fluid containing Solid particles that are sufficiently large for Sedimentation. JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data One benefit of producing a concentrate is that of a reduction in weight and volume for transportation as the concentrate can be re-constituted at the time of usage by the addition of the solvent.

Development

Concentrated juice was developed during World War II to provide nourishment for the armed forces. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Bronson Cushing Skinner, developer of the first palatable orange juice concentrate, was born June 26, 1889. After graduating in 1911 from Stevens Institute of Technology, Bronson Skinner managed the Skinner Machinery Company, founded by his father. Stevens Institute of Technology is a technological university located on a 55 acre (223000 m² campus in Hoboken New Jersey, USA, founded in 1870 on the basis In 1929 he sold the company to Food Machinery Corporation, although he continued to manage it. FMC Corporation is a Chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Philadelphia Pennsylvania. In 1935 he left FMC and founded Citrus Concentrates, Inc. to manufacture concentrated orange juice.

To develop his concentrate, Skinner boiled water out of juice under a partial vacuum at a temperature so low, the flavor and vitamin content were not damaged. He adapted evaporators for this purpose. He began selling his concentrate to Great Britain between 1936 and 1941. When the United States entered World War II, the War Food Administration sent him $1. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including 5 million to build a plant to supply concentrate for the Allies. The plant operated until August 27, 1945, 13 days after Japan surrendered. Bronson Cushing Skinner died August 4, 1981. His Great Floridian plaque is located at the Minute Maid plant, 427 San Christopher Drive, Dunedin, Florida. Minute Maid is a product line of beverages, usually associated with Lemonade or Orange juice, but now extends to Soft drinks of many kinds including Dunedin (dəˈniːdɪn is a city in Pinellas County, Florida, United States.

Other

Concentrate can also be the residue valuable metal from which most of the waste rock has been removed. The residue metal becomes the raw material for smelting. Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of Extractive metallurgy.

See also

• Concentration