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Computer music is a term that was originally used within academia to describe a field of study relating to the applications of computing technology in music composition; particularly that stemming from the Western art music tradition. Computing is usually defined like the activity of using and developing Computer technology Computer hardware and software. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music It includes the theory and application of new and existing technologies in music, such as sound synthesis, digital signal processing, sound design, sonic diffusion, acoustics, and psychoacoustics. Basics of sound When any mechanical collision occurs such as a fork being dropped sound is produced Digital signal processing ( DSP) is concerned with the representation of the signals by a sequence of numbers or symbols and the processing of these signals Sound design is a technical/conceptually creative field It covers all non-compositional elements of a film a play a music performance Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of Sound, Ultrasound and Infrasound (all mechanical waves in gases liquids and solids Psychoacoustics is the study of subjective human Perception of Sounds Alternatively it can be described as the study of the Psychological correlates The field of computer music can trace its roots back to the origin of electronic music, and the very first experiments and innovations with electronic instruments at the turn of the 20th century. Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production More recently, with the advent of personal computing, and the growth of home recording, the term computer music is now sometimes used to describe any music that has been created using computing technology. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated Home recording means recording at home rather than in a professional studio Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time.

Contents

History

Much of the work on computer music has drawn on the relationship between music theory and mathematics. Music theory is the field of study that deals with the Mechanics of music and how Music works Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and The world's first computer to play music was CSIRAC. CSIRAC ( C ouncil for S cientific and I ndustrial R esearch A utomatic C omputer, pronounced /'sаɪræk/ The music was generated in Australia by programmer Geoff Hill [1] which was designed and built by Trevor Pearcey and Maston Beard. Trevor Pearcey (March 1919 - 27 January 1998) was a British born Australian Scientist, who created CSIRAC, However, CSIRAC played standard repertoire and was not used to extend musical thinking or composition practice which is current computer music practice. CSIRAC ( C ouncil for S cientific and I ndustrial R esearch A utomatic C omputer, pronounced /'sаɪræk/ Subsequently, Lejaren Hiller (e. Lejaren Hiller (b February 23, 1924, New York City, d January 26, 1994, Buffalo New York) was an American g. , the Illiac Suite) used a computer in the mid 1950s to compose works that were then played by conventional musicians. Later developments included the work of Max Mathews at Bell Laboratories, who developed the influential MUSIC I program. Max Vernon Mathews (* November 13, 1926, in Columbus, Nebraska) is a pioneer in the world of Computer music. MUSIC-N refers to a family of Computer music programs and Programming languages descended from or influenced by MUSIC I a program written by Max Mathews Vocoder technology was also a major development in this early era. A vocoder, ˈvoʊkoʊdər (a Portmanteau of vox/voc ( voice) and encoder) is an analysis / synthesis system mostly used for speech in which the input is

Early computer music programs typically did not run in real-time. In Computer science, real-time computing (RTC is the study of hardware and software systems that are subject to a "real-time constraint"—i Programs would run for hours or days, on multi-million dollar computers, in order to generate a few minutes of music. John Chowning's work on FM synthesis, in the early 70s, and the advent of inexpensive digital chips and microcomputers opened the door to real-time generation of computer music[2]. John M Chowning (born 1934 in Salem New Jersey) is an American musician inventor and professor best known for his work at Stanford University By the early 90s, the performance of microprocessor-based computers reached the point that real-time generation of computer music using more general programs and algorithms became possible.

Advances

Advances in computing power have dramatically affected the way computer music is generated and performed. Current-generation micro-computers are powerful enough to perform very sophisticated audio synthesis using a wide variety of algorithms and approaches. Computer music systems and approaches are now ubiquitous, and so firmly embedded in the process of creating music that we hardly give them a second thought: computer-based synthesizers, digital mixers, and effects units have become so commonplace that use of digital rather than analog technology to create and record music is the norm, rather than the exception.

Research

Despite the ubiquity of computer music in contemporary culture, there is considerable activity in the field of computer music, as researchers continue to pursue new and interesting computer-based sythesis, composition, and performance approaches. Throughout the world there are many organizations and institutions dedicated to the area of computer and electronic music study and research, including the ICMA (International Computer Music Association), IRCAM, GRAME, SEAMUS (Society for Electro Acoustic Music in the United States), and a great number of institutions of higher learning around the world. The International Computer Music Association (ICMA is an international affiliation of individuals and institutions involved in the technical creative and performance aspects of computer IRCAM ( Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique) is a European institute for Science about music and sound and avant garde electro-acoustical The Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States ( SEAMUS) is a nonprofit US based organization founded in 1984 which aims to promote Electro-acoustic music

See also

References

  1. ^ [1] Article describing music made by CSIRAC with sound clips
  2. ^ [2] Max Mathews, the Father of Computer Music

External links

Acousmatic music is a form of Electroacoustic music that deals specifically with Acousmatic sound as a compositional resource Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create Music. A chiptune, or chip music, is music written in sound formats where all the sounds are synthesized in realtime by a computer or Video game console Sound chip ChucK is a concurrent strongly-timed audio Programming language for real-time synthesis composition and performance which runs on Mac OS X, Linux Computer assisted composition (or computer-assisted composition) is the technique or practice of using a Computer to aid in the composition of music though the music An audio programming language is a Programming language specifically targeted to Sound and Music production or Sound synthesis. Csound is a Computer programming language for dealing with sound also known as a Sound compiler or an Audio programming language. A digital audio workstation (DAW is an electronic system designed to record, edit and play back digital audio A digital synthesizer is a Synthesizer that uses Digital signal processing (DSP techniques to make musical sounds Electronic music is music that employs Electronic musical instruments and Electronic Music technology in its production Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create Music. Granular synthesis is a basic sound synthesis method that operates on the Microsound time scale. Human–computer interaction or HCI is the study of interaction between people ( users and Computers It is often regarded as the intersection of Interactive music also known as nonlinear music or adaptive music, is synonymous with Soundtracks to Interactive media and in particular Max Vernon Mathews (* November 13, 1926, in Columbus, Nebraska) is a pioneer in the world of Computer music. Music cognition is an interdisciplinary approach to understanding the mental processes that support musical behaviors including perception comprehension memory attention and performance Music information retrieval or MIR is the interdisciplinary science of retrieving Information from Music. Music Macro Language (MML is a music description language used in sequencing music on a number of computer and Video game system platforms MUSIC-N refers to a family of Computer music programs and Programming languages descended from or influenced by MUSIC I a program written by Max Mathews A music sequencer (also MIDI sequencer or just sequencer) is software or hardware designed to create and manage computer-generated music MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ˈmɪdi is an industry-standard protocol that enables Electronic musical instruments Computers New Interfaces for Musical Expression, also known as NIME is dedicated to scientific research on the development of new technologies for musical In Sound synthesis, physical modelling synthesis refers to methods in which the Waveform of the Sound to be generated is computed by using a Mathematical The Princeton Laptop Orchestra (PLOrk is a Princeton University ensemble of computer based meta-instruments Pure Data (or Pd) is a Graphical programming language developed by Miller Puckette in the 1990s for the creation of interactive Computer In Music, sampling is the act of taking a portion or sample, of one Sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or element of a new recording Spectral music (or spectralism) refers to a Musical composition practice where compositional decisions are often informed by the analysis of sound spectra Spectral music (or spectralism) refers to a Musical composition practice where compositional decisions are often informed by the analysis of sound spectra SuperCollider is an environment and Programming language originally released in 1996 by James McCartney for Real time Audio synthesis and Algorithmic Tracker is the generic term for a class of software Music sequencers which in their purest form allow the user to arrange sound samples stepwise on a timeline across
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