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Composition Studies (also referred to as "Composition and Rhetoric," "College Composition," "Writing Studies," or simply "Composition") is the professional field of writing research and instruction, focusing especially on writing at the college level in the United States. Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In many American colleges and universities, undergraduate students must take freshman — sometimes even higher — composition courses. The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" For example, in California, all public colleges and universities have freshman and sophomore composition courses as requirements. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects

Many composition scholars study not only the theory and practice of post-secondary writing instruction, but also the influence of different writing conventions and genres on writers' composing processes. Scholarly method &mdash or as it is more commonly called scholarship &mdash is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. A genre (ˈʒɑːnrə also /ˈdʒɑːnrə/ from French "kind" or "sort" from Latin: genus (stem gener-) is a loose set As written conventions and genres change over time, compositionists continue to learn how these changes influence writers and how writers work to change the conventions within which they work.

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First-year composition

Many American universities have a required freshman, or first-year, composition course. This is not always the same as a literature course, which focuses on literary analysis and interpretation; rather, composition courses often offer intensive instruction in writing non-fiction, expository texts using academic discourse conventions. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Non-fiction is an account or representation of a subject which is presented as Fact. Writing curricula vary considerably from institution to institution, but it may emphasize the many stages of the writing process (invention or brainstorming, drafting, revision, editing, proofreading), different forms of writing (narration, exposition, description, argumentation, comparison and contrast), and different portions of the written product (introductions, conclusions, thesis statements, presentation and documentation of forms of evidence, inclusion of quotations, etc). Pedagogies or approaches to teaching writing are grounded in a range of different traditions and philosophies.

Advanced Composition

Some universities require further instruction in writing and offer courses that expand upon the skills developed in First-year composition. Second level or advanced composition may emphasize forms of argumentation and persuasion, digital media, research and source documentation formats, and/or genres of writing across a range of disciplines and genres (see also Writing across the curriculum below). For example, the skills required to write business letters or annual reports will differ significantly from those required to write historical or scientific research or personal memoirs.


Graduate studies

Doctoral programs in Composition Studies are available at more than eighty universities. Such programs are commonly housed within English Studies or Education programs.

Second-language writing

Second language writing is the practice of teaching writing to non-native speakers of English. Second-language writing is the name usually given to the study of writing performed by non-native speakers/writers of a language whether as a true second or foreign language

Writing across the curriculum

Because academic discourse is not monolithic, many compositionists have created a writing across the curriculum (WAC) movement that situates writing-intensive instruction in specific academic discourse communities. Discourse (L discursus, "running to and from" means either "written or spoken communication or debate" or "a formal discussion

Writing center

Many colleges and universities have a writing center, which offers supplementary tutorial support for writing specifically in English classes and/or across the curriculum. Many educational institutions maintain a writing center that provides students with free assistance on their papers projects and reports from trained professionals consultants or Many universities not in North America only offer writing instruction via writing centers.

See also

Further reading

External links

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