Citizendia

Communist Party of China
中国共产党
中國共產黨
Hammer and Sickle
General SecretaryHu Jintao
FoundedJuly 1, 1921 (official)
July 23, 1921 (de facto)
HeadquartersZhongnanhai, Beijing
Political ideologyCommunism (official)
Marxism-Leninism (official)
Mao Zedong Thought (official)
Deng Xiaoping Theory with Socialism with Chinese characteristics (official)
Three Represents (official)
Scientific Development Concept (official)
No. Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Zhongnanhai ( is a complex of buildings in Beijing, China adjacent to the Forbidden City which serves as the central headquarters for the Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping Theory ( also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. This article is about the term itself and its relationships For its implementation and effects see Economy of the People's Republic of China and Chinese economic The Three Represents ( is a socio-political ideology credited to General Secretary Jiang Zemin which became a guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China at The Scientific Development Concept ( Pinyin: Kēxué Fāzhǎn Guān is the current official guiding socio-economic ideology of the Communist Party of China of members73,360,000 (2007)

The Communist Party of China (CPC) (simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; traditional Chinese: 中國共產黨; pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China and the world's largest political party. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The ruling party in a Parliamentary system is the Political party or Coalition of the majority in Parliament. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A political party is a Political organization that seeks to attain and maintain political power within Government, usually by participating in electoral Its paramount position as the supreme political authority in China is guaranteed by China's constitution[1] and realized through control of all state apparatus. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921, and came to rule all of mainland China after defeating its rival the Kuomintang (KMT) in the Chinese Civil War. A Political party described as a communist party includes those that advocate the application of the social principles of Communism through a communist form of Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction The party's 70 million members,[2] constitute 5. 5% of the total population of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES




Contents

Organization

The party's organizational structure was destroyed during the Cultural Revolution and rebuilt afterwards by Deng Xiaoping, who subsequently initiated "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" and brought all state apparatuses back under the control of the CPC. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer This article is about the term itself and its relationships For its implementation and effects see Economy of the People's Republic of China and Chinese economic

Theoretically, the party's highest body is the National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which meets at least once every five years. The National Congress of the Communist Party of China ( is a Party congress that is held about once every five years The primary organization of power in the Communist Party which are listed in the party constitution include:

The People's Liberation Army in dress uniform.
The People's Liberation Army in dress uniform. The Constitution of the Communist Party of China (CPC ( has 53 Articles and includes contents of General Program Membership Organization System Central Organizations The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.

Other central organizations include:

In addition, there are numerous commissions and leading groups, the most important of which are:

Every five years, the Communist Party of China holds a National Congress. The Organization Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央组织部 is a department of the Secretariat of the Communist The United Front in the People's Republic of China is a Popular front led by the Communist Party of China. The Political and Legislative Affairs Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政法委员会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó The Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( Simplified Chinese: 中共中央党校 in Beijing, also known as the Central Party School The latest happened on October 15, 2007. Formally, the Congress serves two functions: to approve changes to the Party constitution and to elect a Central Committee, about 300 strong. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì formerly The Central Committee in turn elects the Politburo. The Politburo of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú (also "Political In practice, positions within the Central Committee and Politburo are determined before a Party Congress, and the main purpose of the Congress is to announce the party policies and vision for the direction of China in the following few years.

The party's central focus of power is the Politburo Standing Committee. The process for selecting Standing Committee members, as well as Politburo members, occurs behind the scenes in a process parallel to the National Congress. The new power structure is announced obliquely through the positioning of portraits in the People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Party. The People's Daily ( a daily Newspaper, is the organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published worldwide with a circulation The number of Standing Committee members varies and has tended to increase over time. The Committee was expanded to nine at the 16th Party National Congress in 2002.

There are two other key organs of political power in the People's Republic of China: the formal government and the People's Liberation Army. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.

There are, in addition to decision-making roles, advisory committees, including the People's Political Consultative Conference. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( People's Political Consultative Conference During the 1980s and 1990s there was a Central Advisory Commission established by Deng Xiaoping which consisted of senior retired leaders, but with their passing this has been abolished. Central Advisory Commission ( Simplified: 中央顾问委员会 Traditional: 中央顧問委員會 Pinyin: zhōng yāng gù wèn wěi yuán huì ( Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer

Internal or external groupings

Political scientists have identified two groupings within the Communist Party[3] leading to a structure which has been called "one party, two factions". [4] The first is the "elitist coalition" or Shanghai clique which contains mainly officials who have risen from the more prosperous provinces. The Shanghai clique or Shanghai faction ( is the name given to an informal group of officials in the Communist Party of China, especially those who serve in the central The second is the "populist coalition" or "Youth League faction" which consists mainly of officials who have risen from the rural interior, through the Communist Youth League. The Communist Youth League of China also known as the China Youth League (中国共产主义青年团 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎnzhǔyì Qīngniántuán The interaction between these two factions is largely complementary with each faction possessing a particular expertise and both committed to the continued rule of the Communist Party and not allowing intra-party factional politics threaten party unity. It has been noted that party and government positions have been assigned to create a very careful balance between these two groupings.

Within his "one party, two factions" model, Li Chen has noted that one should avoid labeling these two groupings with simplistic ideological labels, and that these two groupings do not act in a zero-sum, winner take all fashion. Neither group has the ability or will to dominate the other completely. [5]

History

As Revolutionary Party

Marxist ideas started to spread widely in China after the 1919 May Fourth Movement. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The May Fourth Movement ( was an anti- imperialist, cultural and political movement in early modern China. In june 1920, Comintern agent Gregory Voitinsky was sent to China, and met Li Dazhao and other reformers. The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow Biography Early life Li was born in Leting (a county of Tangshan) Hebei province to a peasant family He financed the founding of the Socialist Youth Corps. [6] The Communist Party of China was initially founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in the French concession of Shanghai in 1921 as a study society and an informal network. Chronology October 9 1879 Birth in Anqing, Anhui. 1879 to 1901 Early life and education in China Biography Early life Li was born in Leting (a county of Tangshan) Hebei province to a peasant family List of foreign enclaves in China International Shanghai International Settlement Beijing Legation Quarter Gulangyu Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million There were informal groups in China in 1920, and also overseas, but the official beginning was the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men in July 1921, when the formal and unified name Zhongguo Gongchan Dang (Chinese Communist Party) was adopted and all other names of communist groups were dropped. The key players were Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Chen Gongbo, Tan Pingshan, Zhang Guotao, He Mengxiong, Lou Zhanglong and Deng Zhongxia. Zhang Guotao ( 1897 - December 3, 1979) was a founding member and leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP during the late 1920s and 1930s Mao Zedong was present at the first congress as one of two delegates from a Hunan communist group. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Other attendees included Dong Biwu, Li Hanjun, Li Da, Chen Tanqiu, Liu Renjing, Zhou Fohai, He Shuheng, Deng Enming, and two representatives from the Comintern, one of them being Henk Sneevliet (also known by the single name 'Maring'[7]). Dong Biwu ( Chinese: 董必武 Pinyin: Dǒng Bìwǔ Wade-Giles: Tung Pi-wu 1886 - 2 April 1975 was a Chinese communist political Zhou Fohai ( Chinese 周佛海 1897-1948 Chinese politician and second in command of Wang Jingwei 's Collaborationist Nanjing Nationalist Government The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Sneevliet, known as Henk Sneevliet or the Pseudonym Maring (May 13 1883 - April 13 1942 was a Dutch Notably absent at this early point were future leaders Li Lisan, Zhou Enlai and Qu Qiubai. Lǐ Lìsān ( Chinese: 李立三 Wade-Giles: Li Li-san (March 1899&ndashJune 22 1967 was an early leader of the Chinese Zhou Enlai ( (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976 was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in January 1976 Qu Qiubai ( ( January 29, 1899 &ndash June 18, 1935) was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.

In August 1922, Sneevliet/Maring called a surprise special plenum of the central committee and proposed that party members join the Kuomintang (KMT, or Nationalist Party) on the grounds that it was easier to transform the Nationalist Party from the inside than to duplicate its success. According to Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Cai Heshen and Gao Yuhan opposed the motion, whereupon Maring invoked the authority of the Comintern and forced the CCP to accept his decision. [8] Under the guidance of the Comintern, the party was reorganized along Leninist lines in 1923, in preparation for the Northern Expedition. Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. The Northern Expedition ( was a military campaign led by the Kuomintang (KMT from 1926 to 1928. However, the nascent party was not held in high regard: Karl Redek, one of the five founding leaders of the Comintern, said in November 1922 that the CCP did not enjoy a high reputation in Moscow. Moreover, it was divided into two camps, led by Deng Zhongxia and Li Dazhao on the more moderate "bourgeois, national revolution" model and Zhang Guotao, Lou Zhanglong, He Mengxiong and Chen Duxio on the strongly anti-imperialism side. [9]

The role of the Comintern cannot be overstated. Mikhail Markovich Borodin negotiated with Sun Yat-sen and Wang Jingwei the 1923 KMT reorganization and the CCP’s incorporation into the newly expanded party. Mikhail Markovich Borodin (Михаи́л Mapkóвич Бороди́н ( July 9 1884, Yanovich, modern Belarus &mdash May 29 Sun Yat-sen ( November 12, 1866 &ndash March 12, 1925) was a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader often Wang Jingwei ( Traditional Chinese: 汪精衛 Simplified Chinese: 汪精卫 Pinyin: Wāng Jīngwèi Wade-Giles: Wang Ching-wei ( Borodin and General Vasilii Blyukher (known as ‘Galen’) worked with Chiang Kai-shek to found the Whampoa Military Academy. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash And, it was the CCP’s reliance on the leadership of the Comintern that was the first indication that the 1923-27 First United Front was fragile. [10]

Membership

The party was small at first, but grew intermittently through the 1920s. Twelve voting delegates were seated at the 1st National Party Congress in 1921, as well as at the 2nd (in 1922), when they represented 195 party members. By 1923, the 420 members were represented by 30 delegates. The 1925 4th Congress had 20 delegates representing 994 members; then real growth kicked in. The 5th Congress (held in April-May 1927 as the KMT was slaughtering communists) comprised 80 voting delegates representing 57,967 members.

It was at the 1928 6th Congress that the now-famliar ‘full’ and ‘alternate’ structure originated, with 84 and 34 delegates, respectively. Membership was estimated at 40,000. In 1945, the 7th Congress had 547 full and 208 alternate delegates representing 1. 21 million members, a ratio of one representative per 1,600 members as compared to 1:725 in 1927.

Post-liberation, participation at National Party Congresses became much less representative. Each of the 1026 full and 107 alternate members represented 9,470 party members (10. 73 million in total) at the 1956 8th Congress. Subsequent congresses held the number of participants down despite membership growing to more than 60 million by 2000. [11]

End of the 1st United Front

In 1927, just before final success of the revolution CPC and Kuomingtang were split, and the CPC was massacred with more than four in five members being killed. The only major section of the party which survived was the section built around Mao Zedong, which established Soviet Republic of China in some remote areas within China through peasant riots. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led The Chinese Soviet Republic ( it is also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, though it is generally referred to in After a number of military campaigns from KMT army, the CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March (1934-1935) to search for a new base. The Long March ( was a massive Military retreat undertaken by the Red Armies of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP the forerunner of the People's Liberation During Long March, the party leadership re-examine its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern. This article is about the Prime Minister of Prussia For the Geman Communist and once the Comintern military adviser to the Chinese Commmunist revolution see Otto Braun (Li De The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow After they resettled in Yan’an, the native Communists, such as Mao Zedong and Zhu De gained power, and the CPC became less dependent on the Comintern and Soviet Union. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Zhū Dé ( Wade-Giles: Chu Te zi: Yùjiē 玉阶 1 December 1886 – 6 July 1976 was a Chinese Communist miltary leader and statesman The Comintern ( Com munist Intern ational also known as the Third International) was an international Communist organisation founded in Moscow The Western world first got a clear view of the Communist Party of China through Edgar Snow's Red Star Over China.

Flag of the Chinese Soviet Republic, or Jiangxi Soviet, which existed from 1931 to 1934 in Jiangxi Province.
Flag of the Chinese Soviet Republic, or Jiangxi Soviet, which existed from 1931 to 1934 in Jiangxi Province. The Chinese Soviet Republic ( it is also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, though it is generally referred to in

During the Second Sino-Japanese war(1937-1945), the CPC and KMT were temporarily in alliance to fight their common enemy. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army became army group belonging to the national army, and the Soviet Republic of China changed into a special administration region. The Chinese Soviet Republic ( it is also translated as the Soviet Republic of China or the China Soviet Republic, though it is generally referred to in However, essentially the army and the region controlled by CPC remained independent from the KMT’s government. In eight years, the CPC controlled armed forces grew from ten thousand to one million.

After 1945, the civil war resumed and despite initial gains by the Kuomintang, it was defeated and forced to flee to off-shore islands, the biggest among which is Taiwan. The Kuomintang's defeat marked the onset of the Chinese Revolution whence Mao Zedong proclaimed the People's Republic of China in Beijing on October 1, 1949.

Almost all agree that without Japanese invasion, it would have been unlikely for the CPC to win over China. However, those against the CPC attribute their victory to its development of its force while KMT government was fighting with Japanese, while those who favor the CPC claim that the CPC gained reputation by effectively fighting Japan through its guerrilla warfare, attracting people to join it. Neutral persons combine these two factors.

As Ruling Party

The Communist Party of China has been penetrated by those it sought to defeat, originally a party based around the Marxist-Leninism principles it has evolved into a Stalinist/Nationalist organization. Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted In the Marxist-Leninist movement an anti-revisionist is one who favors the line of theory and practice associated with Marx - Engels - Lenin The Three Worlds Theory is a Theory developed by former Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong that suggests that the Social-imperialism is a term applied by Mao to the Soviet Union, arguing that the Soviet Union had come to dominate and exploit the smaller countries in its sphere The Mass Line is the political/organizational/leadership method developed by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China (CPC during the Chinese revolution People's War ( Chinese language: 人民战争 also called protracted people's war, is a military-political strategy invented by Mao Zedong. For different uses of the term including Political parties with the name "New Democracy" see New Democracy (disambiguation. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Prachanda (प्रचण्ड pɾəʦəɳɖə born Pushpa Kumal Dahal on 11 December 1954 is the Post Officer of Nepal. Bob Avakian is Chairman of the Revolutionary Communist Party USA, which he has led since its formation in 1975 Zhang Chunqiao ( (1917&ndash April 21, 2005) was a member of the Gang of Four. José María Sison (born February 8, 1939 in Cabugao Ilocos Sur, Philippines) is a Writer and activist who reorganized the Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso (born 3 December 1934 also known by the Nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo ( English: President Gonzalo) Charu Majumdar ( Bangla: চারু মজুমদার (1918–1972 was an Indian Maoist Revolutionary born in 1918 in Siliguri Jiang Qing ( March 14, 1914 May 14, 1991) is the Pseudonym that was used by Chinese leader Mao Zedong 's last wife İbrahim Kaypakkaya was a leader of the Turkish Communist movement Pierre Mulele ( August 11, 1929 - October 3 [[October 9] depending on the source] 1968 was a Congolese Revolutionary who was briefly The International Conference of Marxist-Leninist Parties and Organizations (ICMLPO is a grouping of parties and organizations adhering to Marxist-Leninist-Maoist thought The Revolutionary Internationalist Movement is an international Communist organization which upholds Marxism-Leninism-Maoism. The Marxist-Leninist Party of Germany ( German: Marxistisch-Leninistische Partei Deutschlands, MLPD is an antirevisionist Political party in The Communist Party of India (Maoist is an underground Maoist Political party in India. The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist (नेपाल कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी (माओवादी is a Maoist Political party The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish Partido Comunista del Perú) more commonly known as the Shining Path ( Sendero Luminoso) is a Maoist The Communist Party of the Philippines (in Filipino: Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas) is the leading Communist party in the Philippines. The Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat ( Portuguese: Partido Comunista dos Trabalhadores Portugueses / Movimento The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into Quotations from Chairman Mao Zedong ( better known in the West as The Little Red Book, was published by the Government of the Naxalite or Naxalism is an informal name given to Communist groups that were born out of the Sino-Soviet split in the Indian communist movement The CPC is now condemned by many if not all Socialist movement around the world for its deviation from Socialism. The CPC has been criticized specifically by Marxists, Leninists and Trotskyists. The CPC's ideologies have significantly evolved since its founding. Mao's revolution that founded the PRC was nominally based on Marxism-Leninism with a rural focus based on China's social situations at the time. Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted During the 1960s and 1970s, the CPC experienced a significant ideological breakdown with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union under Nikita Khrushchev and their allies. The Sino-Soviet split was a gradual divergence of diplomatic ties between the People's Republic of China (PRC and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following Since then Mao's peasant revolutionary vision and so-called "continued revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat" stipulated that class enemies continued to exist even though the socialist revolution seemed to be complete, giving way to the disastrous Cultural Revolution. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution in the People’s Republic of China was a struggle for power within the Communist Party of China that manifested into This fusion of ideas became known officially as "Mao Zedong Thought", or Maoism outside of China. Maoism, variably and officially known as Mao Zedong Thought ( is a variant of Marxism derived from the teachings of the late Chinese leader It represented a powerful branch of communism that existed in opposition to the Soviet Union's "Marxist revisionism". The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The term "revisionism" is also used to refer to other concepts

Following the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, however, the CPC under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping moved towards Socialism with Chinese characteristics and instituted Chinese economic reform. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer This article is about the term itself and its relationships For its implementation and effects see Economy of the People's Republic of China and Chinese economic The Chinese economic reform ( refers to the program of economic reforms called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics " in the People's Republic of In reversing some of Mao's "extreme-leftist" policies, Deng argued that a socialist country and the market economy model were not mutually exclusive. A market economy is a realized Social system based on the Division of labour in which the prices of Goods and Services are determined in a While asserting the political power of the Party itself, the change in policy generated significant economic growth. The ideology itself, however, came into conflict on both sides of the spectrum with Maoists as well as progressive liberals, culminating with other social factors to cause the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two Deng's vision for economic success and a new socialist market model became entrenched in the Party constitution in 1997 as Deng Xiaoping Theory. Deng Xiaoping Theory ( also known as Dengism, is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.

The "third generation" of leadership under Jiang Zemin, Zhu Rongji, and associates largely continued Deng's progressive economic vision while overseeing the re-emergence of Chinese nationalism in the 1990s. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Zhū Róngjī (born 1 October 1928) is a prominent Chinese politician who served as the Mayor and Party chief in Shanghai between 1987 and 1991 before serving as Vice-Premier Chinese nationalism ( sometimes synonymous with Chinese Patriotism ( lit Nationalist sentiment has seemingly also evolved to become informally the part of the Party's guiding doctrine. As part of Jiang's nominal legacy, the CPC ratified the Three Represents into the 2003 revision of the Party Constitution as a "guiding ideology", encouraging the Party to represent "advanced productive forces, the progressive course of China's culture, and the fundamental interests of the people. The Three Represents ( is a socio-political ideology credited to General Secretary Jiang Zemin which became a guiding ideology of the Communist Party of China at " There are various interpretations of the Three Represents. Most notably, the theory has legitimized the entry of private business owners and quasi-"bourgeoisie" elements into the party.

The insistent road of focusing almost exclusively on economic growth has led to a wide range of serious social problems. Social issues in the People's Republic of China in the 21st century are varied and wide-ranging and are a combined result of the Chinese economic reforms set in place in the The CPC's "fourth generation" of leadership under Hu Jintao and Wen Jiabao, after taking power in 2003, attempted reversing such a trend by bringing forth an integrated ideology that tackled both social and economic concerns. Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the This new ideology was known as the creation of a Harmonious Society using the Scientific Development Concept. The construction of a Harmonious Society ( is the dominant socio-economic vision that is said to be the ultimate end result of Chinese leader Hu Jintao 's signature The Scientific Development Concept ( Pinyin: Kēxué Fāzhǎn Guān is the current official guiding socio-economic ideology of the Communist Party of China

The degree of power the Party had on the state has gradually decreased as economic liberalizations progressed. The evolution of CPC ideology has gone through a number of defining changes that it no longer bears much resemblance to its founding principles. The CPC's current policies are fiercely rejected as capitalist by most communists, especially anti-revisionists, and by adherents of the Chinese New Left from within the PRC. Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where In the Marxist-Leninist movement an anti-revisionist is one who favors the line of theory and practice associated with Marx - Engels - Lenin New Leftism ( in the People's Republic of China is an ideological tendency in opposition to Capitalism and the Chinese economic reforms and in favour of

The Communist Party of China comprises a single-party state form of government; however, there are parties other than the CPC within China, which report to the United Front Department of the Communist Party of China and do not act as opposition or independent parties. A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party The United Front in the People's Republic of China is a Popular front led by the Communist Party of China. Since the 1980s, as its commitment to Marxist ideology has appeared to wane, the party has begun to increasingly invoke Chinese nationalism as a legitimizing principle as opposed to the socialist construction for which the party was originally created. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Chinese nationalism ( sometimes synonymous with Chinese Patriotism ( lit Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The change from socialism to nationalism has pleased the CPC's former enemy, the Kuomintang (KMT), which has warmed its relations with the CPC since 2003. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation [12]

Viewpoints: criticism and support

There are a variety of opinions about the Communist Party of China, and opinions about the CPC often create unexpected political alliances and divisions. Trotskyists argue that the party was doomed to its present character, that of petty-bourgeois nationalism, because of the near-annihilation of the workers' movement in the KMT betrayal of 1927, which was made possible by Stalin's order that the Communists disarm and surrender. Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party This slaughter forced the tiny surviving Party to switch from a workers' union- to peasant guerrilla-based organization, and seek aid of the most heterodox sources, from "patriotic capitalists" to the dreaded KMT itself, with which it openly sought a coalition government even into early 1949. Chinese Trotskyists from Chen Duxiu onward have called for a political revolution against what they see as an opportunist, capitalist leadership of the CPC. Chronology October 9 1879 Birth in Anqing, Anhui. 1879 to 1901 Early life and education in China A political revolution, in the Trotskyist theory is an upheaval in which the government is replaced or the form of government altered but in which property relations are predominantly Opinions about the CPC also create very strong divisions among groups normally ideologically united such as conservatives in the United States. Conservatism in the United States includes a variety of political ideologies including Fiscal conservatism, Supply-side economics, Social conservatism The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

Many of the unexpected opinions about the CPC result from its rare combination of attributes as a party formally based on Marxism which has overseen a dynamic market economy, yet maintains an authoritarian political system. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. A market economy is a realized Social system based on the Division of labour in which the prices of Goods and Services are determined in a

Supporters of the International Tibet Independence Movement, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Falun Gong, a spiritual group, Taiwan independence, neoconservatives in the United States and Japan, international human rights groups, proponents of civil liberties and freedom of expression, advocates of democracy, Anarchist's along with many democratic and anti-authoritarian left-wing forces in those same countries, are among the groups which have opposed the CPC government because it is said to be a repressive single-party state regime. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Falun Gong ( or Falun Dafa is a spiritual practice founded in China by Li Hongzhi （李洪志） in 1992 Taiwan independence ( Pe̍h-oē-jī: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p ūn-tōng abbreviated to 台獨 Táidú Tâi-to̍k is a Neoconservatism (or Neocon is a Right-wing political philosophy that emerged in the United States from the rejection of the Social liberalism, Moral relativism The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party

Some of the opponents of the Party within the Chinese democracy movement have tended not to argue that a strong Chinese state is inherently bad, but rather that the Communist leadership is corrupt. The Chinese democracy movement ( abbreviated as Mínyùn "民运" is a loosely organized political movement in Mainland China against continued The Chinese New Left, meanwhile, is a current within China that seeks to "revert China to the socialist road" – i. New Leftism ( in the People's Republic of China is an ideological tendency in opposition to Capitalism and the Chinese economic reforms and in favour of Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution e. , to return China to the days after Mao Zedong but before the reforms of Deng Xiaoping and his successors. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer

Another school of thought argues that the worst of the abuses took place decades ago, and that the current leadership is not only unconnected with them, but were actually victims of that era. They have also argued that while the modern Communist Party may be flawed, it is comparatively better than previous regimes, with respect to improving the general standard of living, than any other government that has governed China in the past century and can be put in more favorable light against most governments of the developing nations. Developing countries are countries that haven't reached Western-style standards of democratic government free market economy industrialization social programs and human rights guaranties However, farmers and other rural people have been marginalized, and national influence have been greatly reduced, as a result, the CPC has recently taken sweeping measures to regain support from the countryside, to limited success.

In addition, some scholars contend that China has never operated under a decentralized democratic regime in its several thousand years of history, and therefore it can be argued that the structure present, albeit not up to western moral standards, is the best possible option when compared to its alternatives. A sudden transition to democracy, they contend, would result in the economic and political upheaval that occurred in the Soviet Union in the 1990s, and that by focusing on economic growth, China is setting the stage for a more gradual but more sustainable transition to a more liberal system. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 This group sees Mainland China as being similar to Spain in the 1960s, and South Korea and Taiwan during the 1970s. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

As with the first group, this school of thought brings together some unlikely political allies. Not only do most intellectuals within the Chinese government follow this school of thinking, but it is also the common belief held amongst pro-free trade liberals in the West. Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions

Many observers from both within and outside of China have argued that the CCP has taken gradual steps towards democracy and transparency, hence arguing that it is best to give it time and room to evolve into a better government rather than forcing an abrupt change. However, other observers (like Minxin Pei) question whether these steps are genuine efforts towards democratic reform or disingenous measures by the CCP to retain power.

Many current party officials are the sons and daughters of prominent Party officials. These young, powerful individuals are referred to as the "Crown Prince Party", or "Princelings", and their rise to power has been criticized as a form of nepotism or cronyism. Crown Prince Party (Chinese 太子党; Pinyin: Tàizǐ Dǎng or The Princelings, are the descendants of prominent and influential senior Nepotism is the showing of favoritism toward relatives and friends based upon that relationship rather than on an objective evaluation of ability Meritocracy or suitability For the record label see Crony Records Cronyism is partiality to long-standing friends especially by appointing them to positions of authority

Recently the term Chinazi has been used to describe the CCP and their supporters, often to emphasize on the similarities of fascist Germany and current and past CCP rule. This term was originally used to describe the ethnic Chinese Nazi movement in Taiwan[13], but has since evolved to describe or criticize the CCP.

Current leadership

The Members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China are:

  1. Hu Jintao: President of the People's Republic of China, General Secretary of the CPC, Chairman of the Central Military Commission. The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC, abbreviated) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people usually men and includes Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat The Central Military Commission ( CMC) ( refers to one of two bodies within the People's Republic of China, either to the Central Military Commission of the People's
  2. Wu Bangguo: Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
  3. Wen Jiabao: Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China
  4. Jia Qinglin: Chairman of the People's Political Consultative Conference
  5. Li Changchun: "Propaganda Chief"
  6. Xi Jinping: Vice President of the People's Republic of China, top-ranked member of CPC Secretariat
  7. Li Keqiang: Executive Vice Premier
  8. He Guoqiang: Head of Central Commission for Discipline Inspection
  9. Zhou Yongkang: Head of Political and Legislative Affairs Committee

Members of the Politburo of the CPC Central committee:

Wang Lequan, Wang Zhaoguo, Hui Liangyu, Liu Qi, Liu Yunshan, Li Changchun, Wu Yi, Wu Bangguo, Wu Guanzheng, Zhang Lichang, Zhang Dejiang, Luo Gan, Zhou Yongkang, Hu Jintao, Yu Zhengsheng, He Guoqiang, Jia Qinglin, Guo Boxiong, Cao Gangchuan, Zeng Qinghong, Zeng Peiyan, Wen Jiabao. Wu Bangguo ( (born July 1941 is a politician in the People's Republic of China. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) is a committee of about 150 members of the National People's Congress (NPC of the People's This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the The Premier of the State Council ( sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Prime Minister" is the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China The State Council ( which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government ( is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China Jia Qinglin ( POJ: Ka Kheng-lim born March 1940 in Botou Hebei Province is the fourth ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( People's Political Consultative Conference Li Changchun (李長春 Pinyin: Lǐ Chángchūn (born February 1944 is considered to be the Propaganda chief of the Communist Party of China. Xi Jinping ( POJ: Sip Kin-ping born 1953) is a senior leader of the People's Republic of China. The Vice President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Vice Chairman of the People's Republic of China or abbreviated Guójiā Fù Zhǔxí 国家副主席 The Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会书记处 pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Wěiyuánhuì Li Keqiang ( born July 1955 is currently the Executive Vice-Premier of China and the 7th ranked member of the powerful Politburo Standing Committee, the People's He Guoqiang ( Pinyin: Hè Guóqiáng born 1943 is a high-ranking government official in the government of the People's Republic of China. The Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China ( often abbreviated to 中纪委 is the quasi-government body within the People's Republic of China Zhou Yongkang ( Chinese: 周永康 Pinyin: Zhōu YǒngKāng born December 1942 is a senior leader of the Communist Party of China who is currently serving The Political and Legislative Affairs Committee of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政法委员会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Wang Lequan ( Chinese: 王乐泉 Pinyin: Wáng Lèquán born 1944) is the current secretary of the Communist Party of China of the Xinjiang Wang Zhaoguo ( POJ: Ong Tiau-kok born July 1941) is a Chinese politician who came to prominence during the era of Deng Xiaoping. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Hui. Hui Liangyu (回良玉 born October 1944 in Jilin Province Liu Qi ( Chinese: 刘淇 Pinyin: Liú Qí b November 1942 is the CPC Beijing Committee Secretary first-in-charge of Beijing and also a member Liu Yunshan ( Chinese: 刘云山 Pinyin: Liú Yúnshān born 1947) is a leader in the Communist Party of China. Li Changchun (李長春 Pinyin: Lǐ Chángchūn (born February 1944 is considered to be the Propaganda chief of the Communist Party of China. For the city see Yiwu For the mountains see Wuyi Mountains Wu Yi ( born November 1938 in Wuhan, Wu Bangguo ( (born July 1941 is a politician in the People's Republic of China. Wu Guanzheng ( (b August 1938) was the head of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Communist Party of China, an anti-corruption body Zhang Dejiang ( Chinese:张德江 Pinyin: Zhāng Déjiāng born November 1946) is a current Vice-Premier and a prominent leader of the Communist Party This is a Chinese name; the family name is Luo. Luo Gan ( Chinese: 罗干 Pinyin: Luó Gàn born July Zhou Yongkang ( Chinese: 周永康 Pinyin: Zhōu YǒngKāng born December 1942 is a senior leader of the Communist Party of China who is currently serving Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Yu Zhengsheng ( born April 1945) is the current CPC party chief in Shanghai, China, a post which makes him first-in-charge of China's largest He Guoqiang ( Pinyin: Hè Guóqiáng born 1943 is a high-ranking government official in the government of the People's Republic of China. Jia Qinglin ( POJ: Ka Kheng-lim born March 1940 in Botou Hebei Province is the fourth ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Guo Boxiong ( Chinese: 郭伯雄 Wade-Giles Kuo Po-hsiung born 1942 in Shaanxi) is the current executive vice chairman of the Central Military Commission Biography Cao Gangchuan native of Wugang Henan Province was born in December 1935 Zeng Qinghong ( (born July 1939 was the Vice-President of the People's Republic of China from 2003 to 2008 This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zeng. Zeng Peiyan ( Chinese: 曾培炎 Pinyin: Zēng Péiyán This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the

Alternate member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee: Wang Gang

Members of Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee: Zeng Qinghong, Liu Yunshan, Zhou Yongkang, He Guoqiang, Wang Gang, Xu Caihou, He Yong. Wang Gang ( Chinese 王刚 October 1942 -) is a politician of the People's Republic of China and a leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC Liu Yunshan ( Chinese: 刘云山 Pinyin: Liú Yúnshān born 1947) is a leader in the Communist Party of China. Zhou Yongkang ( Chinese: 周永康 Pinyin: Zhōu YǒngKāng born December 1942 is a senior leader of the Communist Party of China who is currently serving Wang Gang ( Chinese 王刚 October 1942 -) is a politician of the People's Republic of China and a leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC Xu Caihou ( Chinese: 徐才厚 born 1943) is one of three vice chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China

List of leaders of the Communist Party of China

Main article: List of leaders of the Communist Party of China

Between 1921 and 1943 the Communist Party of China was headed by the General Secretary:

In 1943 the position of Chairman of the Communist Party of China was created. This article lists the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from its beginning to the present General Secretaries (1921-1943 Between 1921 and 1943 the Communist

In 1982, the post of Chairman was abolished, and the General Secretary, at this time held by the same man as the post of Chairman, once again became the supreme office of the Party. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Hua Guofeng ( (16 February 1921 &ndash 20 August 2008 born as Su Zhu ( was Mao Zedong 's designated successor as the Paramount leader of the Hu Yaobang ( Chinese: 胡耀邦 Pinyin: Hú Yàobāng Wade-Giles: Hu Yao-pang 20 November 1915&ndash15 April 1989 was a leader of the People's

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Notes

  1. ^ Constitution of the People's Republic of China
  2. ^ CPC holds grand rally to celebrate 85th founding anniversary, Xinhua News Agency, June 30, 2006
  3. ^ http://chicagosociety.uchicago.edu/china/coverage/PoliticsPanel.pdf
  4. ^ http://chinavitae.com/reference/conferencepapers/Li_Cheng.pdf
  5. ^ The Jamestown Foundation
  6. ^ Schwartz, Benjamin, Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao, Harper & Row (New York: 1951), p. Hu Yaobang ( Chinese: 胡耀邦 Pinyin: Hú Yàobāng Wade-Giles: Hu Yao-pang 20 November 1915&ndash15 April 1989 was a leader of the People's Zhao Ziyang ( (17 October 1919&ndash17 January 2005 was a politician in the People's Republic of China. Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist There are at present a number of Communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number who used to be active The Communist Party of Lesotho ( Mokhatio oa Makomonisi a Lesotho) was a political party in Lesotho, founded on May 5, 1962. Party of the Independence Congress of Madagascar (in French: Parti du Congrès de l'indépendence de Madagascar, in Malagasy: Antoko'ny Kongresi'ny The Party of Independence and Labour (fr Parti de l'Indépendence et du Travail is a communist Political party in Senegal. South African Communist Party ( SACP) is a Political party in South Africa. The Communist Party of Argentina (Partido Comunista de la Argentina is a Communist party from Argentina. The Communist Party of Bolivia (Partido Comunista de Bolivia is a Communist party in Bolivia. The Communist Party of Brazil ( Partido Comunista do Brasil, PCdoB is a political party in Brazil. Brazilian Communist Party (in Portuguese, Partido Comunista Brasileiro) is a Political party in Brazil. History Origins The Communist Party was organized with great secrecy in a barn near the city of Guelph Ontario, on May 28 and 29 1921 The Communist Party of Chile (Partido Comunista de Chile is a Chilean political party that advocates Communism. The Colombian Communist Party (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Colombiano) or PCC is the legal Communist party of Colombia The Communist Party of Cuba ( Spanish: Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC is currently the governing political party in Cuba. Communist Party of Ecuador (in Spanish: Partido Comunista del Ecuador) is a political party in Ecuador. The Party of Mexican Communists is a Political party in Mexico. The Popular Socialist Party ( Spanish: Partido Popular Socialista, PPS is a Communist party in Mexico. Popular Socialist Party of Mexico ( Spanish: Partido Popular Socialista de México, PPSM is a Communist Party in Mexico, formed in 1997 People's Party of Panama ( Partido del Pueblo de Panamá) a Communist party in Panama. Paraguayan Communist Party (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Paraguayo) is a communist Political party in Paraguay. The Peruvian Communist Party (in Spanish: Partido Comunista Peruano) is a Communist party in Peru. Communist Party of Peru - Red Fatherland (in Spanish: Partido Comunista del Perú - Patria Roja) is a Political party in Peru founded in 1970 The Communist Party of Uruguay ( Partido Comunista del Uruguay) is a communist Political party in Uruguay, created on September 21 The Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in the United States. The Communist Party of Venezuela (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Venezuela, PCV is a Marxist-Leninist political party and the oldest continuously Communist Party of Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশের কমিউনিস্ট পার্টি is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in Bangladesh The Communist Party of Burma (ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ CPB) is the oldest existing Political party in Burma (Myanmar The Communist Party of India (CPI is a Political party in India. The Communist Party of India (Marxist (abbreviated CPI(M or CPM) is a Political party in India. The Japanese Communist Party ( JCP) ( Japanese " 日本共産党 Nihon Kyōsan-tō) is a Political party in Japan. The Communist Party of Kazakhstan ( Qazaqstan Kommunistik Partiyasi) is a Political party in Kazakhstan. The Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan ( Russian: Коммунистическая Партия Киргизстана) is a political party in Kyrgyzstan. The Workers' Party of Korea (WPK is the ruling party of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK commonly known as North Korea The Lao People's Revolutionary Party ( Laotian: ພັກປະຊາຊົນປະຕິວັດລາວ) is the Communist Party of Laos. The Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist, also known as CPN-UML, CPN(UML, is one of the largest Communist parties in Nepal The Communist Party of Pakistan (کمیونسٹ پارٹی آف پاکستان is a communist political party in Pakistan. The original Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas ( Filipino for 'Communist Party of the Philippines' was established on November 7 1930, and it is now often The Communist Party of Sri Lanka is a Communist Political party in Sri Lanka. The Communist Party of Tajikistan (Ҳизби Коммунистӣи Тоҷикистон - Hizbi Kommunistīi Tojikston; Коммунистическая партия Таджикистана The Communist Party of Vietnam ( Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam) is the currently ruling as well as the only legal Communist Party of Albania (in Albanian: Partia Komuniste e Shqiperise, abbreviated PKSH is a Political party in Albania. The Armenian Communist Party (Հայաստանի կոմունիստական կուսակցության abbreviated ՀԿԿ Hayastani Komunistakan Kusaktsutyun) is a Communist The Communist Party of Austria ( de: Kommunistische Partei Österreichs, or KPÖ) is a Communist party based in Austria. The Azerbaijan Communist Party ( Azərbaycan Kommunist Partiyası) is a Political party in Azerbaijan. The Communist Party of Belarus (Камуністы́чная па́ртыя Белару́сі Kamunistychnaya Partyia Belarusi; Коммунистическая партия The Communist Party (in Dutch: Kommunistische Partij, often abbreviated KP) is a Political party in Flanders Communist Party (in French: Parti Communiste) is a Political party in Wallonia, Belgium. The Belgian Workers Party is also sometimes used as the name of the Belgian Labour Party that existed prior to World War II (when it was re-founded as the Belgian Socialist Party The Workers' Communist Party of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Radničko-komunistička partija Bosne i Hercegovine is a Communist party from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Communist Party of Britain, which claimed to have 941 members at its 2008 Congress is the largest Communist party in the United Kingdom. Communist Party of Bulgaria ( Komunisticeska Partija na Balgarija) is a Communist party in Bulgaria led by Alexander Paunov. The Progressive Party of Working People ( Greek: Ανορθωτικό Κόμμα Εργαζόμενου Λαού Anorthotikó Kómma Ergazómenou Laoú, AKEL The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia ( Czech: Komunistická strana Čech a Moravy, KSČM) is a political party in the Czech Republic. Communist Party of Denmark ( Danish: Danmarks Kommunistiske Parti or simply DKP) is a Communist Political party in Denmark Communist Party in Denmark (Kommunistisk Parti i Danmark a Political party in Denmark. Communist Party of Estonia (in Estonian: Eestimaa Kommunistlik Partei Communist Party of Finland (Suomen kommunistinen puolue SKP is a Finnish political party The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of The United Communist Party of Georgia (in Georgian: Sakartvelos Ertiani Komunisturi Partia) is a Political party in Georgia. The German Communist Party ( German: Deutsche Kommunistische Partei, DKP is a Marxist-Leninist Communist party in Germany The Communist Party of Greece (Κομμουνιστικό Κόμμα Ελλάδας Kommounistikó Kómma Elládas) better known by its acronym ΚΚΕ (usually The Communist Party of Ireland ( CPI; Irish: Páirtí Cumannach na hÉireann) is a small all-Ireland Marxist party founded in 1933 The Workers Party of Ireland (in Irish Páirtí na nOibrithe, though its logo translates it erroneously as Páirtí na nOibri) is a left wing Irish The Party of Italian Communists ( Partito dei Comunisti Italiani, PdCI is a Political party in Italy. The Communist Refoundation Party ( Partito della Rifondazione Comunista, PRC is a communist Italian political party. The Communist Party of Luxembourg (Kommunistesch Partei Lëtzebuerg Parti Communiste Luxembourgeois Kommunistische Partei Luxemburg abbreviated to KPL or PCL, Communist Party of Malta (Partit Komunista Malti is a Communist Political party in Malta. The Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova ( Partidul Comuniştilor din Republica Moldova) is a Communist Political party in Moldova, The New Communist Party Of The Netherlands ( Nieuwe Communistische Partij Nederland) is a Dutch communist Political party, founded in 1992 The Communist Party of Norway ( Norges Kommunistiske Parti) is a Political party in Norway without parliamentary representation The Portuguese Communist Party ( Portuguese: Partido Comunista Português, pron The Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Коммунистическая партия Российской Федерации = КПРФ Transliteration of Russian into English|translit Sammarinese Communist Refoundation ( Rifondazione Comunista Sammarinese, RCS is a communist political party in San Marino. The Communist Party of Scotland (CPS also known as Pàrtaidh Co-Mhaoineach na h-Alba, was established in 1991 when the Communist Party of Great Britain The New Communist Party of Yugoslavia (NKPJ is a Marxist-Leninist party in Serbia. The Communist Party of Slovakia ( Slovak: Komunistická strana Slovenska, KSS is a Communist party in Slovakia, formed in 1992 The Communist Party of Spain ( Partido Comunista de España or PCE) is the third largest national Political party of Spain. Party of the Communists of Catalonia (in Catalan: Partit dels i les Comunistes de Catalunya) is a Political party in Catalonia. The Communist Party of Sweden ( Sveriges Kommunistiska Parti) is the continuation of Workers' Party – The Communists ( Arbetarpartiet Kommunisterna Communist Party of Turkey ( Türkiye Komünist Partisi, TKP is a Political party in Turkey. The Communist Party of Ukraine (Комуністична партія України Komunistychna Partiya Ukrayiny) is a Political party in Ukraine The Algerian Party for Democracy and Socialism ( Parti Algérien pour la Démocratie et le Socialisme) is a Political party in Algeria. Formed in 1941 the Tudeh Party of Iran ("Party of the Masses of Iran" حزب توده ایران Hezb-e Tudeh Iran) is an Iranian Communist party Since its foundation in 1934 the Iraqi Communist Party (in Arabic: الحزب الشيوعي العراقي has dominated the left in Iraqi politics Maki (מק"י an acronym for HaMiflega HaKomunistit HaYisraelit (המפלגה הקומוניסטית הישראלית lit The Jordanian Communist Party ( JCP; Arabic: حزب الشیوعی الاردنی Hizb al-Shuyu'iyah al-Urduni) is a communist Political party The Lebanese Communist Party ( LCP; Arabic: الـحـزب الشـيـوعـي اللبـنـانـي Hizbu-sh-shuy‘uī-l-lubnānī) is a Left-wing The Sudanese Communist Party ( SCP) is a Communist Political party in the Republic of Sudan. The Syrian Communist Party ( Arabic: الحزب الشيوعي السوري transliterated as Al-hizb ash-shuyū'ī as-sūrī Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Marxism-Leninism is a Communist ideological stream that emerged as the mainstream tendency amongst the Communist parties in the 1920s as it was adopted Democratic centralism is the name given to the principles of internal organization used by Leninist political parties and the term is sometimes used as a synonym for any Leninist This article intentionally focuses only on the history of communism as a self-contained self-aware political movement The origins of Chinese Anarchism are traceable to the early Chinese Nationalist movement There are at present a number of Communist parties active in various countries across the world and a number who used to be active The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two The Constitution of the People's Republic of China ( is the highest law within the People's Republic of China. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 32-35.
  7. ^ http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~asaich/chinese-communisty-party-during-comintern.pdf
  8. ^ Schwartz, p. 41.
  9. ^ Schwartz, p. 37-38.
  10. ^ Schwartz, p. 50-51.
  11. ^ Press center of the 17th CPC National Congress
  12. ^ See 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China. The 2005 Pan-Blue visits to mainland China, also known as the Third United Front of China (第三次國共合作 were a series of groundbreaking visits by delegations
  13. ^ Reuters. 2007. Far-Right Group Blasted by Jewish Organizations. http://www.spiegel.de/ (accessed 7 June, 2008).

External links

Dictionary

Communist Party of China

-proper noun

  1. the ruling political party of the People's Republic of China
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