CETI (Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence) is a branch of SETI research that focuses on composing and deciphering messages that could theoretically be understood by another technological civilization. Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI) is the collective name for a number of activities to detect intelligent Extraterrestrial life. The best-known CETI experiment was the 1974 Arecibo message composed by Frank Drake and Carl Sagan. The Arecibo message was beamed via frequency modulated Radio waves into space at a ceremony to mark the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope Dr Frank Donald Drake (born May 28 1930, Chicago) is an American Astronomer and Astrophysicist. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author

CETI research has focused on four broad areas: mathematical languages, pictorial systems such as the Arecibo message, algorithmic communication systems (ACETI) and computational approaches to detecting and deiphering 'natural' language communication.

Contents 1 History 2 Mathematical and scientific languages 2.1 Astraglossa 2.2 Lincos (Lingua cosmica) 2.3 Carl Sagan 2.4 Jack McDevitt 2.5 A language based on the fundamental facts of science 3 Pictorial messages 3.1 Pioneer probes 3.2 Voyager probes 3.3 The Arecibo message 3.4 Cosmic Call messages 4 Multi-modal messages 4.1 Teen-Age Message 4.2 Cosmic Call 2003 message 5 Algorithmic messages 5.1 CosmicOS 5.2 Logic Gate Matrices 6 Natural Language Messages 7 CETI researchers 8 See also 9 References

History

In the nineteenth century there were many books and articles about the possible inhabitants of other planets. Many people believed that intelligent beings might live on the Moon, Mars, and Venus; but since travel to other planets was not yet possible, some people suggested ways to signal the extraterrestrials even before radio was discovered. The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University

Karl Gauss suggested that a giant triangle and three squares, the Pythagoras, could be drawn on the Siberian tundra. Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (ˈɡaʊs, Gauß Carolus Fridericus Gauss ( 30 April 1777 – 23 February 1855) was a German "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor. The outlines of the shapes would have been ten-mile wide strips of pine forest, the interiors could be rye or wheat.

Joseph Johann Littrow proposed using the Sahara as a blackboard. Joseph Johann von Littrow ( March 13 1781 &ndash November 30 1840) was an Austrian Astronomer born of an aristocratic Giant trenches several hundred yards wide could delineate twenty-mile wide shapes. Then the trenches would be filled with water, and then enough kerosene could be poured on top of the water to burn for six hours. Using this method, a different signal could be sent every night.

Meanwhile, other astronomers were looking for signs of life on other planets. In 1822, Franz von Gruithuisen thought he saw a giant city and evidence of agriculture on the moon, but astronomers using more powerful instruments refuted his claims. Baron Franz von Paula Gruithuisen ( March 19, 1774 &ndash 1852 was a Bavarian Physician and Astronomer. Gruithuisen also believed he saw evidence of life on Venus. The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University "Ashen light" had been observed on Venus, and he postulated that it was caused by a great fire festival put on by the inhabitants to celebrate their new emperor. Later he revised his position, stating that the Venusians could be burning their rainforest to make more farmland.

By the late 1800s, the possibility of life on the moon was put to rest. Astronomers at that time believed in the Kant-Laplace hypothesis, which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest--therefore Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than Venus. It was evident that Venus was perpetually shrouded in clouds, so the Venusians probably wouldn't be very good astronomers. Subsequent investigations focused on contacting Martians. In 1877 Giovanni Schiaparelli announced he had discovered "canali" ("channels" in Italian, and mistranslated as "canals") on Mars--this was followed by thirty years of Mars enthusiasm. Honors and Awards Awards Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1872 Bruce Medal (1902 Named

The inventor Charles Cros was convinced that pinpoints of light observed on Mars and Venus were the lights of large cities. Charles Cros ( October 1 1842 - August 9, 1888) was a French poet and Inventor. He spent years of his life trying to get funding for a giant mirror with which to signal the Martians. The mirror would be focused on the martian desert, where the intense reflected sunlight could be used to burn figures into the martian sand.

Inventor Nikola Tesla mentioned many times during his career that he thought his inventions such as his Tesla coil, used in the role of a "resonant receiver", could communicate with other planets^[1][2] and even observed repetitive signals of what he believed were Extraterrestrial radio communications coming from Venus or Mars in 1899. There have already been discussions about Tesla's ethnicity on the talk page A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by Serbian-American scientist Nikola Tesla around 1891 A Tesla coil is a type of resonant transformer circuit invented by Serbian-American scientist Nikola Tesla around 1891 Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common However, these "signals" turned out to be terrestrial radiation from nearby planets.

Around 1900, The Guzman Prize was created; the first person to establish interplanetary communication would be awarded 100,000 francs under one stipulation: Mars was excluded because Madame Guzman thought communicating with Mars would be too easy to deserve a prize. ^[3]

When the Martian canals proved illusory, it seemed that humans were alone in the solar system.

Mathematical and scientific languages

Astraglossa

Published in 1953 by Lancelot Hogben describes a system for combining numbers and operators in a series of short and long pulses. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lancelot Thomas Hogben ( 9 December[[ 895]] - 22 August 1975) was a versatile British experimental Zoologist, and medical Statistician In Hogben's system, short pulses represent numbers, while trains of long pulses represent symbols for addition, subtraction, etc.

Lincos (Lingua cosmica)

Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse, published in 1960 by Hans Freudenthal, expands upon Astraglossa to create a general-purpose language derived from basic math and logic symbols. Lincos (an abbreviation of the Latin phrase lingua cosmica) is an Artificial language first described in 1960 by Dr Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hans Freudenthal ( September 17, 1905 – October 13, 1990) was a Dutch Mathematician.

Carl Sagan

The science fiction novel Contact by Carl Sagan explored in some depth how a message might be constructed to allow communication with an alien civilization, using the prime numbers as a starting point, followed by various universal principles and facts of mathematics and science. Contact is a Science fiction Novel written by Carl Sagan and published in 1985. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author In Mathematics, a prime number (or a prime) is a Natural number which has exactly two distinct natural number Divisors 1 Sagan also authored a non-fiction book on the subject. ^[4]

Jack McDevitt

In his science fiction novel The Hercules Text, Jack McDevitt describes an extra-terrestrial message based on powers of 2 as a starting point. The Hercules Text is a 1986 science fiction novel by Jack McDevitt. Jack McDevitt (born 1935 is an award-winning American science fiction author whose novels frequently deal with attempts to make Contact with alien In Mathematics, a power of two is any of the Integer powers of the number two; in other words two multiplied by itself a certain

A language based on the fundamental facts of science

Published in 1992 by Carl Devito and Richard Oehrle, is similar in syntax to Astraglossa and Lincos but builds its vocabulary around known physical properties. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar)

Pictorial messages

Pictorial communication systems seek to describe fundamental mathematical or physical concepts via simplified diagrams sent as bitmaps. These messages assume that the recipient has similar visual capabilities (weak assumption) and can understand basic math and geometry (strong assumption because both are prerequisites for building the optimal shape for a radio or optical telescope). A common critique of these systems is that they assume a shared understanding of special shapes, which may not be the case with a species with substantially different vision, and therefore a different way of interpreting visual information.

Pioneer probes

The two Pioneer plaques were launched on Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 in 1972 and 1973, depicting the location of the Earth in the galaxy and the solar system, and the form of the human body. The Pioneer plaques are a pair of Gold anodized Aluminum plaques which were placed on board the 1972 Pioneer 10 and 1973 Pioneer 10 ( Pioneer-F) was the first Spacecraft to travel through the Asteroid belt, which it entered on July 15, 1972 Pioneer 11 was the second mission (after its sister probe Pioneer 10) to investigate Jupiter and the Outer solar system and the first to explore the planet

Voyager probes

Launched in 1977, the Voyager probes carried two golden records that were inscribed with diagrams depicting the human form, our solar system and its location. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays See also Voyager 1 and Voyager 2. The Voyager program consists of a pair of unmanned scientific probes Voyager 1 and The Voyager Golden Record is a Phonograph record included in the two Voyager Spacecraft launched in 1977 Also included were recordings of pictures and sounds from Earth.

The Arecibo message

The Arecibo message, transmitted in 1974, was a 1679 pixel image with 73 rows and 23 columns. The Arecibo message was beamed via frequency modulated Radio waves into space at a ceremony to mark the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope In Digital imaging, a pixel ( pict ure el ement is the smallest piece of information in an image It shows the numbers one through ten, the atomic numbers of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus, the formulas for the sugars and bases in the nucleotides of DNA, the number of nucleotides in DNA, the double helix structure of DNA, a figure of a human being and its height, the population of Earth, our solar system, and an image of the Arecibo telescope with its diameter.

Cosmic Call messages

The Cosmic Call messages consisted of few digital sections - "Rosetta Stone", copy of Arecibo Message, Bilingual Image Glossary, the Braastad message, as well as text, audio, video and other image files submitted for transmission by everyday people around the world. The "Rosetta Stone" was composed by Stephane Dumas and Yvan Dutil and represents a multi-page bitmap that builds a vocabulary of symbols representing numbers and mathematical operations. The message proceeds from basic math to progressively more complex concepts, including physical processes and objects (such as a hydrogen atom). Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 The message is designed with noise resistant format and characters, which make it resistant to alteration by noise. These messages were transmitted in 1999 and 2003 from Evpatoria Planetary Radar under scientific guidance of Alexander Zaitsev. Richard Braastad coordinated the overall project.

Stars to which messages were sent, are the following:^[5]

Name	Designation HD	Constellation	Date sent	Arrival date	Message
16 Cyg A	HD 186408	Cygnus	May 24, 1999	November 2069	Cosmic Call 1
15 Sge	HD 190406	Sagitta	June 30, 1999	February 2057	Cosmic Call 1
	HD 178428	Sagitta	June 30, 1999	October 2067	Cosmic Call 1
Gl 777	HD 190360	Cygnus	July 1, 1999	April 2051	Cosmic Call 1
	Hip 4872	Cassiopeia	July 6, 2003	April 2036	Cosmic Call 2
	HD 245409	Orion	July 6, 2003	August 2040	Cosmic Call 2
55 Cnc	HD 75732	Cancer	July 6, 2003	May 2044	Cosmic Call 2
	HD 10307	Andromeda	July 6, 2003	September 2044	Cosmic Call 2
47 UMa	HD 95128	Ursa Major	July 6, 2003	May 2049	Cosmic Call 2

Multi-modal messages

Teen-Age Message

Main article: Teen Age Message

The Teen-Age Message, composed by Russian scientists (Zaitsev, Gindilis, Pshenichner, Filippova) and teens, was transmitted from the 70-m dish of Evpatoria Deep Space Center to six Sun-like stars on August 29 and September 3 and 4, 2001. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Cygnus (ˈsɪgnəs Swan, Κύκνος) is a northern Constellation. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Notable predictions and known events 2061 Expected expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications This article is about the constellation for the trigonometric function see Versine. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) This is an article about the year 2057 For the television show see 2057 (TV series. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications This article is about the constellation for the trigonometric function see Versine. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Notable predictions and known events 2061 Expected expiration of the Singapore-Malaysia Water Agreement. Gliese 777, often abbreviated as Gl 777 and or GJ 777, is a Yellow subgiant approximately 52 Light-years away in the Constellation The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Cygnus (ˈsɪgnəs Swan, Κύκνος) is a northern Constellation. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 2051 ( MMLI) will be a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (Tycho-1 are the primary products of the European Space Agency 's astrometric mission Hipparcos. Cassiopeia ( colloquially /ˌkæsiˈoʊpiə/ is a northern Constellation which Greek mythology considered to represent the vain queen Cassiopeia who boasted Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2036 ( MMXXXVI) will be a Leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Orion (ɒˈraɪən a Constellation often referred to as The Hunter, is a prominent constellation one of the largest and perhaps the best-known and most conspicuous Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2040 ( MMXL) will be a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. 55 Cancri (ˈkæŋkraɪ or /ˈkæŋkriː/ also catalogued Rho1 Cancri or abbreviated 55 Cnc, is a Binary star approximately 41 Light-years The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Cancer ( Crab, symbol, Unicode ♋ is one of the twelve Constellations of the Zodiac. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2044 ( MMXLIV) will be a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. HD 10307 (aka HR 483 A) is a star similar to the sun in mass temperature and metal content situated about 41 light-years from Earth in the constellation Andromeda ( is a Constellation named for the princess Andromeda ( Greek Ανδρομέδη = guardian of the men) a character in Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2044 ( MMXLIV) will be a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. 47 Ursae Majoris, often abbreviated as 47 UMa, is a Solar twin, Yellow dwarf Star approximately 46 Light-years away in the Constellation The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Ursa Major ( is a Constellation visible throughout the year in most of the northern hemisphere Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. 2049 ( MMXLIX) will be a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Teen Age Message (TAM was an METI message transmitted from Evpatoria Planetary Radar to 6 nearby Sun-like stars during August-September 2001 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Aleksandr Leonidovich Zaitsev (Александр Леонидович Зайцев b The message consists of three parts:

Section 1 represents a coherent-sounding radio signal with slow Doppler wavelength tuning to imitate transmission from the Sun's center. This signal was transmitted in order to help extraterrestrials detect the TAM and diagnose the radio propagation effect of the interstellar medium.

Section 2 is analog information and represents musical melodies, performed on the Theremin. This electric musical instrument produces a quasi-monochromatic signal, which is easily detectable across interstellar distances. There were seven musical compositions in the 1st Theremin Concert for Aliens.

Section 3 represents a well-known Arecibo-like binary digital information: the logotype of the TAM, bilingual Russian and English Greeting to Aliens, and Image Glossary.

Stars to which the message was sent are the following:^[6]

Name	HD designation	Constellation	Date sent	Arrival date
	197076	Delphinus	August 29, 2001	February 2070
47 UMa	95128	Ursa Major	September 3, 2001	July 2047
37 Gem	50692	Gemini	September 3, 2001	December 2057
	126053	Virgo	September 3, 2001	January 2059
	76151	Hydra	September 4, 2001	May 2057
	193664	Draco	September 4, 2001	January 2059

Cosmic Call 2003 message

The Cosmic Call 2003 message contained text, images, video, music, the Dutil/Dumas message, a copy of the 1974 Arecibo message, BIG = Bilingual Image Glossary, the AI program Ella, and the Braastad message. The Henry Draper Catalogue ( HD) is an Astronomical Star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924 giving Spectroscopic classifications Delphinus (dɛlˈfaɪnəs Dolphin) is a rather small (ranked 69th northern Constellation very close to the Celestial equator. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Notable predictions and known events 2070 February - An Active SETI message called Teen Age Message sent from the 70-meter Eupatoria 47 Ursae Majoris, often abbreviated as 47 UMa, is a Solar twin, Yellow dwarf Star approximately 46 Light-years away in the Constellation Ursa Major ( is a Constellation visible throughout the year in most of the northern hemisphere Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2047 ( MMXLVII) will be a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. 37 Geminorum is a Star located at the northwest part of the Constellation Gemini. Gemini (ˈgɛmɪnaɪ Twins, symbol, Unicode ♊ is one of the Constellations of the Zodiac known as "the twins" Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. This is an article about the year 2057 For the television show see 2057 (TV series. Virgo ( Virgin, symbol, Unicode ♍ is a Constellation of the Zodiac. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2059 ( MMLIX) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Hydra (ˈhaɪdrə is the largest of the 88 modern Constellations and was also one of the 48 constellations listed by Ptolemy. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. This is an article about the year 2057 For the television show see 2057 (TV series. Draco (ˈdreɪkoʊ Dragon) is a far northern Constellation that is circumpolar for many Northern hemisphere observers Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. 2059 ( MMLIX) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Algorithmic messages

Algorithmic communication systems are a relatively new field within CETI. In these systems, which build upon early work on mathematical languages, the sender describes a small set of math and logic symbols that form the basis for a rudimentary programming language that the recipient can run on a virtual machine. In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine Algorithmic communication has a number of advantages over static pictorial and mathematical messages, including: localized communication (the recipient can probe and interact with the programs within a message, without transmitting a reply to the sender and then waiting years for a response), forward error correction (the message might contain algorithms that process data elsewhere in the message), and the ability to embed proxy agents within the message. In Telecommunication and Information theory, forward error correction (FEC is a System of Error control for Data transmission, whereby In principle, a sophisticated program when run on a fast enough computing substrate, may exhibit complex behavior and perhaps intelligence.

CosmicOS

CosmicOS, designed by Paul Fitzpatrick at MIT, describes a virtual machine that is derived from lambda calculus. CosmicOS is a self-contained message designed to be understood primarily by treating it as a Computer program and executing it In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine In Mathematical logic and Computer science, lambda calculus, also written as λ-calculus, is a Formal system designed to investigate function

Logic Gate Matrices

Logic Gate Matrices (a. k. a. LGM), developed by Brian McConnell, describes a universal virtual machine that is constructed by connecting coordinates in an n-dimensional space via math and logic operations, for example: (1,0,0) <-- (OR (0,0,1) (0,0,2)). In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine Using this method, one can describe an arbitrarily complex computing substrate as well as the instructions to be executed on it.

Natural Language Messages

This research focuses on the event that we receive a signal / message that is either not directed at us (eavesdropping) or one that is in its natural communicative form. To tackle this difficult but probable scenario, methods are being developed that will first detect if a signal has intelligent-like structure, categorize the type of structure detected and then decipher its content: from its physical level encoding and patterns to the parts-of-speech, which encode internal and external ontologies (Elliott, 2004; Elliott, Atwell & Whyte, 2001).

Primarily, this structure modeling focuses on the search for generic human and inter-species language universals to devise computational methods by which language can be discriminated from non-language and core structural syntactic elements of unknown languages can be detected (Elliott & Atwell, 2000). Aims of this research include: contributing to the understanding of language structure and the detection of intelligent language-like features in signals, to aid the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (Elliott, 2002a; Elliott 2002b).

The problem goal is therefore to separate language from non-language without dialogue, and learn something about the structure of language in the passing. The language may not be human (animals, aliens, computers. . . ), the perceptual space can be unknown, and we cannot assume human language structure but must begin somewhere. We need to approach the language signal from a naive viewpoint, in effect, increasing our ignorance and assuming as little as possible (Elliott, Atwell & Whyte, 2000; Elliott, 2007).

CETI researchers

• Frank Drake (SETI Institute): SETI pioneer, composed the Arecibo message with Carl Sagan
• Dr John Elliott (SETI Research UK): research into developing strategies, which are based on receiving a 'natural' language message, that look at developing algorithms to detect if an ET signal has intelligent-like structure and if so, then how to decipher its content. Dr Frank Donald Drake (born May 28 1930, Chicago) is an American Astronomer and Astrophysicist. Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI) is the collective name for a number of activities to detect intelligent Extraterrestrial life. The Arecibo message was beamed via frequency modulated Radio waves into space at a ceremony to mark the remodeling of the Arecibo radio telescope Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Author of many papers in this area and a contributor to SETI's book on interstellar communication. Other contributions include message design and construction; member of: International Academy of Astronautics, SETI Permanent Study Group; International Task Group for the Post-detection identification of unknown radio signals.
• Laurence Doyle (SETI Institute): studies animal communication, and has developed statistical measures of complexity in animal utterances as well as human language.
• Stephane Dumas: developed Cosmic Call messages, as well as a general technique for generating 2-D symbols that remain recognizable even if corrupted by noise.
• Yvan Dutil: developed Cosmic Call messages with Stephane Dumas.
• Paul Fitzpatrick (MIT): developed CosmicOS system based on lambda calculus
• Brian McConnell: developed framework for algorithmic communication systems (ACETI) from 2000-2002. In Mathematical logic and Computer science, lambda calculus, also written as λ-calculus, is a Formal system designed to investigate function
• Marvin Minsky (MIT AI researcher): first proposed the idea of including algorithms within an interstellar message. Marvin Lee Minsky (born August 9, 1927) is an American cognitive scientist in the field of Artificial intelligence (AI co-founder
• Carl Sagan (deceased): co-authored the Arecibo message, and was heavily involved in SETI throughout his life. Carl Edward Sagan ( November 9 1934 &ndash December 20 1996) was an American Astronomer, astrochemist, author Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI) is the collective name for a number of activities to detect intelligent Extraterrestrial life.
• Douglas Vakoch (SETI Institute): studies CETI and has published numerous articles, as well as an upcoming book from MIT Press about interstellar communication.
• Alexander Zaitsev (IRE, Russia): composed Teen Age Message with Boris Pshenichner, Lev Gindilis, Lilia Filippova, et al. Aleksandr Leonidovich Zaitsev (Александр Леонидович Зайцев b , composed Bilingual Image Glossary for Cosmic Call 2003 Message, Scientific Manager of transmitting from Evpatoria Planetary Radar the Cosmic Call 1999, the Teen Age Message 2001, and the Cosmic Call 2003.

See also

• Active SETI
• Time capsule
• Message in a bottle
• Pioneer plaque

References

• Braastad, Richard, The Extraterrestrial Sermons, http://www.richardb.us/project.html
• Dutil, Dumas, ACTIVE SETI PAGE, http://www3.sympatico.ca/stephane_dumas/CETI/default.htm
• Elliott, J. (2007) A Post-Detection Decipherment Matrix: Acta Astronautica, Journal of the International Academy of Astronautics Elsevier Science Ltd, England, AA2853.
• Elliott, J. (2004) ‘Unsupervised Discovery of Language Structure in Audio Signals, Proceedings of IASTED International Conference on Circuits, Signals and Systems, (CSS 2004), Clearwater Beach, Florida, USA
• Elliott, J. (2002b) ‘The filtration of inter-galactic objets trouvés and the identification of the Lingua ex Machina hierarchy’, Proceedings of World Space Congress: The 53rd International Astronautical Congress, pp. IAA-02-IAA. 9. 2. 10.
• Elliott, J. (2002a) ‘Detecting languageness’, Proceedings of 6th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics (SCI 2002), vol. IX, pp. 323-328.
• Elliott, J, Atwell, E & Whyte, B. (2001) ‘First stage identification of syntactic elements’, An extraterrestrial signal in Proceedings of IAC '2001: the 52nd International Astronautical Congress, pp. IAA-01-IAA. 9. 2. 07
• Elliott, J and Atwell, E. (2000) ‘Is anybody out there: the detection of intelligent and generic language-like features’, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 53, pp. 13-22. ISSN: 0007-084X.
• Elliott, J, Atwell, E & Whyte, B. (2000) ‘Increasing our ignorance of language: identifying language structure in an unknown signal’, in Daelemans, W (ed. ) Proceedings of CoNLL-2000: International Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning, pp. 25-30 Association for Computational Linguistics
• Martin, Martin C. 1991 SETI Puzzle, posted to sci. crypt, sci. astro, sci. space, rec. arts. sf-lovers and rec. puzzles. http://www.metahuman.org/martin/SETIPuzzle.html
• Communication with Alien Intelligence, 1985, Marvin Minsky, http://web.media.mit.edu/~minsky/papers/AlienIntelligence.html
• Devito, C. and Oerle, R. A Language Based on the Fundamental Facts of Science, Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, 1990, Vol 43, pp. 561-568
• EllaZ Systems, http://www.ellaz.com/AI/Default.aspx
• Freudenthal H 1960 Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse. North-Holland, Amsterdam.
• Hogben, Lancelot. Science in Authority. New York: W. W. Norton (1963)
• Ley, Willy. Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel (revised). New York: The Viking Press (1958)
• McConnell, Brian S. 2001 Beyond Contact: A Guide to SETI and Communicating with Alien Civilizations. O'Reilly, Cambridge, MA
• McConnell, Brian S. 2002 Algorithmic Communication with ETI & Mixed Media Message Composition
• McConnell, Brian S at al, 2006?, Between Worlds, SETI Institute/MIT Press
• Minsky, Marvin, talk given at Communication With Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI), Proceedings of a conference held at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, Yerevan, USSR, 5-11 September, 1971. Edited by Carl Sagan. Cambridge, MA: The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1973. , p. ix
• Morrison, P. "Interstellar Communication. " Bulletin of the Philosophical Society of Washington, 16, 78 (1962). The Philosophical Society of Washington is the oldest scientific society in Washington D Reprinted in A. G. W. Cameron, ed. , Interstellar Communication.
• Team Encounter, Cosmic Call 2003, http://web.archive.org/web/20040406151735/www.teamencounter.com/missions/message.asp
• Zaitsev, A. Teen-Age Message, http://www.seti.housenet.org/msg_idx_tam.html
• Zaitsev, A. Interstellar Radio Messages (http://www.cplire.ru/html/ra&sr/index.html in English, http://www.cplire.ru/rus/ra&sr/index.html in Russian)
• Zaitsev, A. Messaging to Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI), [1]

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