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Commissioner is a designation that may be used for a variety of official positions, especially referring to a high-ranked public (administrative or police) official, or an analogous official in the private sector (e. Police are agents or agencies usually of the executive, empowered to enforce the law and to effect public and social order through the legitimatized use of force g. the highest executive position of many North American sports leagues). Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively

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Domestic public official

A Commissioner within a modern state generally holds his office by virtue of a commission from the head of state or a Council of Elected Representatives (or appointed by non-elected officials in the case of dictatorships). A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Letters patent are a type of Legal instrument in the form of an Open letter issued by a Monarch or Government, granting an office right Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state

Imperial China

Senior Public Servants, Commissioners and other high ranking bureaucrats referred to collectively as Mandarins. A Mandarin was a Bureaucrat in Imperial China, and also in the monarchist days of Vietnam where the system of Imperial examinations and

Canadian territories

A Commissioner is the formal head of one of the territories of Canada (i. The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page e. those areas within the country without the constitutional status of a province). The Constitution Act 1867 (formerly called the British North America Act 1867, and still known informally as the BNA Act) constitutes a major part of The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Unlike the Governor General or a Lieutenant-Governor, who are representatives of the Queen of Canada, Commissioners are not vice-regal representatives, although they too perform duties akin to such including reading the Speech from the Throne at the opening of the territorial Legislature. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative In Canada, the Lieutenant-Governor (lɛfˈtɛnənt often without a Hyphen) ( French: lieutenant-gouverneur, or: lieutenant-gouverneure TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy of They are appointed by the federal government as a delegate of cabinet. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. The Cabinet of Canada (Cabinet du Canada plays an important role in the Government of Canada, in accordance with the Westminster System. Under the federal statutes[1][2][3] governing the territories, the Commissioners act in accordance with written instructions from cabinet or the minister responsible (currently the Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development). A statute is a formal written enactment of a Legislative authority that governs a Country, State, City, or County. The Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (Ministre des Affaires indiennes et du Nord canadien is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet While commissioners used to have a direct day-to-day role in administration and government and chaired the Executive Council of the territory, today they are under instruction to act more like a provincial Lieutenant-Governor, as territorial assemblies have taken on more responsibility.

A Commissioner of a Territory is eligible to present the Vice-Regal Commendation to any Canadian Forces Members as any Lieutenant-Governors for long-term or outstanding service to the Office of a Lieutenant-Governor or Commissioner. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence [1]

Current Canadian commissioners

Territory Current commissioner Commissioner since Website
Northwest Territories The Honourable Tony Whitford April 29, 2005 Website
Nunavut The Honourable Ann Meekitjuk Hanson April 21, 2005 Website
Yukon The Honourable Geraldine Van Bibber December 1, 2005 Website

India

Maintenance of Law and Order The Commissioner is responsible for the maintenance of peace and order in his Division. Commissioners of the NWT See also Lieutenant-Governors of Northwest Territories Anthony Wilfred James (Tony Whitford (Born June 11, 1941, in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories, Canada) is the current Commissioner Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Ann Meekitjuk Hanson (Inuktitut ᐋᓐ ᒦᖀᑦᔩᒃ ᐦᐋᓐᓱᓐ/an miiqitjuk hansun (born May 22 1946) is the Commissioner of Nunavut Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Geraldine Van Bibber (born Dawson City, Yukon Territory) is the Commissioner of the Yukon Territory. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For this purpose, gives directions to the District Administration. Under the Police rules, the Commissioner has the right to call reports from the District Magistrate and Police Superintendents for crimes and disorders. In some cases, can call for the following kinds of reports:- Seeks reports from Superintendent of Police and Roznamchas(daily reports) Monthly Crime Reports. Annual Police Reports.

Supervision of District Administration Although the control and supervision of the District Administration is vested with the State Government, yet in reality owing to over involvement and over burden of the state government, no effective control is possible. Therefore, actual effective control is exercised by the Commissioner and acts as a liaison between the State and the District.

Work of Co-ordination A large number of departments and agencies are working in each District. The Commissioner very tactfully and cleverly coordinates their work and tries to solve departmental or personal differences and clashes. the Commissioner makes them work for the best interest of the State. Sometimes there are some differences between the Deputy Commissioners or other departmental heads of the adjoining districts and tries to coordinate their activities.

Departmental Coordination The Commissioner has been given the duty of coordinating the work of various departments, so that he/she can properly supervise the work of the various departments. Although technically the departmental heads are free and exercise their powers without any restraint, but in general matters the Commissioner exercises control and supervision over them. If there is a dispute between the District Authorities and the departmental heads, the Commissioner gives his/her decision. For example, if there is a dispute between Deputy Commissioner and Divisional Canal Officer about the role of flow of water, then the decision is given by the Commissioner.

As Liaison Officer Between the State and Local Military The Commissioner, also functions as a State Liaison Officer to keep liaison between the army and the Civil Administration. the Commissioner has to deal with special problems relating to the India-Pakistan border. During emergency(war), has to work round the clock with a view to mobilizing the entire civil administration machinery, creating confidence among the public and boosting the defense effort in the division.

Ex-officio Chairman The Commissioner is also the Chairman of the Regional Transport Authority and House Allotment Committee which allots houses to the various Officers.

Miscellaneous Functions In addition to the above functions, a Commissioner performs some other functions. Amongst these, some may be enumerated here:

  1. Writes confidential reports of Deputy Commissioners, Sub Divisional Officers, Tehsildars. He gives his views about their efficiency, conduct and character.
  2. At the time of natural calamities like floods, famines, earthquakes and fires, leads and helps the Deputy Commissioners.
  3. In land acquisition cases, the Commissioner is empowered to accord sanction

Thus the Commissioner of a Division plays an important role in the administrative structure of the Division. He/she enjoys revenue powers and is a court of appeal and revision in revenue cases. He coordinates the work of the different functionaries. He/she is responsible for maintaining proper law and order in the Division. In case of war, he performs many functions during the emergency. He takes an active part in the execution of various developmental projects. Principal Staff Officer to the Commissioner is overall in charge of the staff in the office and assists the Commissioner in all spheres of work. Generally a senior officer of the Punjab Civil Service is appointed as Principal Staff Officer. The Office Superintendent is responsible for the proper supervision and disposal of work of the office.

Police

Main article: Police commissioner

Scotland

Prior to the Acts of Union 1707, an elected member of the Estates (parliament) of Scotland held the office of Commissioner, representing a constituency (the equivalent of a Member of Parliament in the contemporaneous Parliament of England). Police Commissioner (or Commissioner of Police) is the title of the chief officer of many law enforcement agencies. The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into An election is a Decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold formal office This article is about the pre-1707 parliament The article on the devolved legislative body established in 1999 is at Scottish Parliament. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. The Parliament of England was the Legislature of the Kingdom of England. There were Burgh Commissioners and Shire or Stewartry Commissioners. A Burgh (ˈbʌʀə is an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland, usually a Town. The counties of Scotland were the principal divisions of Scotland until 1975

United States

In many U.S. states, the legislative and executive decision-making bodies of counties are called the board of commissioners or county commission. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. In Minnesota, Alaska, New York and Tennessee, the heads of statewide cabinet-level departments are called "commissioners". Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch.

International public and colonial context

British and Commonwealth overseas possessions

The title of Commissioner, as such, was used by the (gubernatorial) chief British official in:

European Union

The European Commissioners are the members of the European Commission, the highest executive organ of the European Union, which is the closest EU equivalent to a government. Trust Territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946 British Cameroons was a British Mandate territory in West Africa, now divided between Nigeria and Cameroon. A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially A European Commissioner is a member of the 27-member European Commission. The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Each Commissioner is assigned a portfolio, but they make most important decisions collegially, often subject to approval by the European Parliament and/or the Council of the European Union. The European Parliament ( Europarl or EP) is the only directly elected parliamentary institution of the European Union (EU The Council of the European Union is the principal decision making institution in the European Union (EU

French colonies

The French equivalent, Commissaire, was used for various officials employed at different levels of the colonial administration in several French-ruled countries. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people

Russian Empire

After on 17 April 1914 Tannu Tuva (ethnically Mongolian) was declared a Russian 'protected' area (Uryanhay [Urjanhaj] kray), two subsequent Russian Commissioners for the Affairs of Urjanhai Kray (1914 - 1915 A. The Tuvan People's Republic ( People's Republic of Tannu Tuva; Tьвa Arat Respuвlik Tuvan Cyrillic: tyv-Cyrl Тыва Арат Республик Tyva In International law, a protectorate is a autonomous territory that is "protected" by a stronger state or entity hense the protector which engages to protect Tyva Republic (Респу́блика Тыва́ Respublika Tyva, rʲɪˈspublʲɪkə tɨˈva Тыва Республика Tyva Respublika) or Tuva P. Cererin (Tsererin) and 1915 - 1917 Yu. V. Grigoryev) were appointed, alongside the last native tribal Paramount chief (title Ambyn-noyon), followed by a single Commissar of the Provisional Government (October 1917 - 16 March 1918 Aleksey Aleksandrovich Turchaninov) until czarist rule collapsed for good, giving way to the Soviet regime

United Nations administration

A UN Commissioner appointed in 1949 supervised the transition of the UN Trust territory of Libya (a former Italian colony; actually Tripolitania and Cyrenaica each were under a British Administrator, in 1949 restyled Resident, Fezzan under a French Military Governor, in 1950 also restyled Résident) to independence as a united monarchy in 1951

Sports

In many North American sports leagues, including nearly all professional leagues, the commissioner is the highest executive position. Commissar is the English transliteration of an official title (комисса́р used in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution and in the Soviet Union Trust Territories were the successors of the remaining League of Nations mandates and came into being when the League of Nations ceased to exist in 1946 Tripolitaniajpg|thumb|250px|Tripolitania]] Tripolitania or Tripolitana ( Arabic: طرابلس, Transliterated: Tarābulus) is a historic A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially Libya 5210 Wan Caza Luca Galuzzi 2007jpg|thumb|Wan Caza dunes in Fezzan A sports league is an organization that exists to provide a regulated competition for a number of people to compete in a specific Sport. Professional sports, as opposed to amateur Sports are those in which athletes receive payment for their performance The exact powers of the commissioner depend on the constitution and/or rules of the league. Commissioners are elected by the owners of the league's clubs, and handle matters such as discipline, arbitration of disputes between the clubs, etc.

The title was first used in 1920, when Kenesaw Mountain Landis was appointed Commissioner of Baseball in the aftermath of the Black Sox Scandal. Kenesaw Mountain Landis ( November 20 1866 &ndash November 25 1944) was an American Jurist who served as a federal The Commissioner of Baseball is the chief executive of Major League Baseball. The Black Sox Scandal refers to a number of events that took place around and during the play of the 1919 World Series. Landis was titled "Commissioner" partly to distinguish his office from that of the "President" of the American and National Leagues. The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League ( AL) is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball in The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the National League ( NL) is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball Landis' title derived from the National Commission, the ruling body for baseball established in 1903, which were largely autonomous organizations at the time. Eager to restore public confidence in their sport's integrity, baseball owners gave Landis absolute power and a lifetime contract, which permitted the former judge to assume more power over the sport than a commissioner in any sport has held since. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each

The other major professional sports leagues of North America followed suit, replacing their positions of league president with that of commissioner. The National Football League appointed its first commissioner in 1941, the National Basketball Association in 1967, and the National Hockey League in 1993. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America However, the commissioners' powers and responsibilities in these leagues are not substantially different from those of the presidents that preceded them. Although baseball's subsequent commissioners have not had the absolute power that Landis did, current Commissioner Bud Selig has succeeded in centralizing authority over Major League Baseball in the commissioner's office, relegating the position of league president to an honorary title and giving baseball's commissioner competencies similar to those of his colleagues in the other major sports. Allan Huber "Bud" Selig Jr (born July 30, 1934 in Milwaukee Wisconsin) is the Commissioner of Major League Baseball and has

Many minor professional and amateur leagues throughout the United States and Canada have also appointed commissioners. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The title has not caught on outside North America. In addition to Selig, the other current commissioners of the North American major professional leagues are Roger Goodell in the NFL, David Stern in the NBA and Gary Bettman in the NHL. Roger S Goodell (born February 19, 1959, in Jamestown New York) is the Commissioner of the National Football League (NFL David Joel Stern (born on September 22, 1942 in New York City, New York) is the current commissioner of the National Basketball Association Gary Bruce Bettman (born June 2 1952 in Queens, New York) is the commissioner of the National Hockey League (NHL a post he has held since

References

  1. ^ Vice-Regal Commendation

Compound titles

In many cases the term Commissioner is part of a more specific title, including English renditions of such titles in other languages. Examples (in some cases there are further compounds) include:

See also

External links

Assistant Commissioner is a rank used in many Police forces Australia In all Australian police forces excepting the New South Wales Police Force where it is A Chief Commissioner is a Commissioner of a high rank usually in chief of several Commissioners or similarly styled officers The Commissioner of Public Works heads one of the departments in those local governments in New Jersey that operate under the Walsh Act form of municipal governance High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment A Deputy Commissioner is a Police or administrative official in many different countries High Commissioner is the title of various high-ranking special executive positions held by a commission of appointment Imperial Commissioner is an ambivalent English language term used to render foreign language titles of various - mostly Gubernatorial - officers whose ' commission The Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty were the members of the Board of Admiralty, which exercised command over the Royal Navy. Lord High Commissioner is the style of High Commissioners ie direct representatives of the Monarch, in three cases in the Kingdom of Scotland and the The Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland is the British Sovereign's personal representative to the General Assembly of the The Lord High Commissioners to the Parliament of Scotland, sometimes referred to as the fifth estate of the Estates of Scotland, were the Scottish Sovereign Resident Commissioner is the title of several quite different types of Commissioner in overseas possession or protectorate of the British Crown or of the U The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the An ombudsman ( English plural conventionally ombudsmen) is an official usually (but not always appointed by the government or by parliament who is charged with It should be noted that the term Inspector General was used until 1930 Commissioners of the NWT See also Lieutenant-Governors of Northwest Territories In the Scout Movement, a Commissioner is the person whose role it is to oversee a Scout association's programs usually within a particular geographic area

Dictionary

commissioner

-noun

  1. A member of a commission.
  2. Someone commissioned to perform certain duties.
  3. An official in charge of a government department, especially a police force.
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