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Command guidance is a type of missile guidance in which a ground station or aircraft relay signals to a guided missile via radio (or possibly through a wire connecting the missile to the launcher) and tell the missile where to steer in order to intercept its target. Guided Missile is a London based Independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994. Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Additionally, it is possible to send a command to the missile to detonate, even if the missile itself has a fuze or fuzes. (It may be possible to detonate the missile and destroy or damage the target, even though the missile was not actually going to strike the target, due to the blast radius of the warhead). A blast radius is the distance from the source that will be affected when an Explosion occurs Typically a warhead is the Explosive material and Detonator that is delivered by a Missile, Rocket, or Torpedo.

Typically, the system giving the guidance commands is tracking both the target and the missile or missiles via radar. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships It determines the position and velocity of the target and the position and velocity of the missile and calculates whether their paths will intersect. If not, the guidance system will relay commands to the missile(s), telling them to move their fins in such a way to steer themselves in the direction necessary for them to end up on an interception course with the target. If the target maneuvers, the guidance system can notice this and update the missiles' course continuously to counteract the maneuvering. If the missile passes close to the target, either its own proximity or contact fuze will detonate the warhead, or the guidance system can estimate when the missile will pass near the target and send a detonation signal. A proximity fuze (also called a VT fuze for "variable time" is a fuze that is designed to detonate an explosive device automatically when the distance

On some systems there is a dedicated radio antenna or antennas for communicating with the missile(s). An antenna is a Transducer designed to transmit or Receive electromagnetic waves In other words antennas convert electromagnetic waves into On others, the radar itself is actually able to send coded pulses which the missile can pick up and interpret as guidance commands. Sometimes to aid the tracking station, the missile will contain a radio transmitter, making it easier to track. Also, sometimes there is a dedicated radar antenna on the tracking station for tracking the missile as well as one or more for tracking targets. It is especially these types of systems which may be able to communicate with the missile via the same radar energy it uses for tracking it.

Examples of missiles which use command guidance include:

Note that older western missiles tended to prefer using pure semi-active radar homing. The S-25 Berkut (С-25 «Беркут» "Berkut" means Golden eagle in English is a surface-to-air Guided missile, the first operational The Tor missile system ("Тор" Torus) is a Russian made low to medium altitude short-range Surface-to-air missile system designed for engaging Airplanes Project Nike was a US Army project proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system Project Nike was a US Army project proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system Project Nike was a US Army project proposed in May 1945 by Bell Labs, to develop a line-of-sight anti-aircraft missile system Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air

Pure command guidance is not normally used in modern SAM systems since it is too inaccurate during the terminal phase (when the missile is about to intercept the target). A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft However, it is still quite practical to use it to guide the missile near the target and then use another more accurate guidance method to actually intercept the target. Almost any type of terminal guidance can be used, but the most common are semi-active radar homing (SARH) or active radar homing. Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air Active radar homing is a Missile guidance method in which a Guided missile contains a Radar Transceiver and the electronics necessary for it

Examples of missiles which use command guidance with terminal SARH include:

Examples of missiles which use command guidance with terminal active radar homing include:

Track-via-missile is a variation of command guidance, the main difference being that the missile itself sends target tracking information back to the guidance system to aid it in calculating the intercept. Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air Active radar homing is a Missile guidance method in which a Guided missile contains a Radar Transceiver and the electronics necessary for it For the S-200 Minijet see SIPA The NPO Almaz S-200 Angara/Vega/Dubna ( Russian Ангара\Вега\Дубна NATO reporting " Track-via-missile " (or TVM) refers to a Missile guidance technique which combines features of Semi-active radar homing (SARH and radio This negates much of the accuracy disadvantage of pure command guidance.

MCLOS and SACLOS are variations of command guidance. MCLOS (short for Manual Command to Line of Sight) is a first-generation method for guiding Guided missiles With an MCLOS missile the operator must SACLOS (short for Semi-Automatic Command to Line of Sight) is a second-generation method of Missile guidance

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