Citizendia

This is the trailer where the Combatant Status Review Tribunals were held. The detainee's hands and feet are shackled to a bolt in the floor in front of the white plastic chair. Three chairs were reserved for members of the press, but only 37 of the 574 Tribunals were observed.
This is the trailer where the Combatant Status Review Tribunals were held. The detainee's hands and feet are shackled to a bolt in the floor in front of the white plastic chair. [1][2] Three chairs were reserved for members of the press, but only 37 of the 574 Tribunals were observed. [3]

After the Hamdi v. Rumsfeld ruling on June 28th, 2004, U. Hamdi v Rumsfeld, 542 US 507 ( 2004) was a US Supreme Court decision reversing the dismissal of a Habeas corpus petition S. Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz issued an order establishing the Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT). The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is a former United States Ambassador to Indonesia, U [4] The purpose of the CSRTs is to determine if detainees held within U. S. Naval Base Guantanamo Bay, Cuba have been correctly designated as "enemy combatants. The term enemy combatant has historically referred to members of the armed forces of the state with which another state is at war " These non-public hearings are conducted as "a formal review of all the information related to a detainee to determine whether each person meets the criteria to be designated as an enemy combatant. "[5] The first CSRT hearings began in July of 2004. CSRT transcripts of the hearings can be found for "high value detainees" on the Department of Defense (DoD) website as PDF files and redacted mp3 format audio files. Sanitization (also ' Redaction ' is the process of removing sensitive information from a document or other medium so that it may be distributed to a broader audience [6] As of October 30th, 2007, fourteen CSRT transcripts are available on the DoD website.

Contents

Existing U. S. and the Combat Status Review Tribunals

Secretary of the Navy Gordon England stated[7]:

"As you will recall, in last June's Supreme Court decision in "Hamdi," Justice O'Connor explicitly suggested that a process based on existing military regulations-- and she specifically cited Army regulation 190-8-- might be sufficient to meet due process standards. Military Police Enemy Prisoners of War Retained Personnel Civilian Internees and Other Detainees is the full title of a United States Department of Defense document usually You'll also perhaps know that that Army regulation is what the U. S. uses to implement Article 5 of the Geneva Convention that deals with prisoners of war. So [if] our CSRT process incorporates that guidance from Article 5, Army regulation 190-8. . . "

Thus, the tribunals themselves are modeled after the procedures—AR 190-8 Tribunals—the military uses to make determinations in compliance with the Article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention (that states "Should any doubt arise as to whether persons, having committed a belligerent act and having fallen into the hands of the enemy, belong to any of the categories enumerated in Article 4, such persons shall enjoy the protection of the present Convention until such time as their status has been determined by a competent tribunal. The Third Geneva Convention (or GCIII) of 1949 one of the Geneva Conventions, is a treaty agreement that primarily concerns the treatment of Prisoners of ")[8] This is most likely because, in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, a plurality of the Supreme Court suggested the Department of Defense empanel tribunals similar to the AR 190 to make factual status determinations. Hamdi v Rumsfeld, 542 US 507 ( 2004) was a US Supreme Court decision reversing the dismissal of a Habeas corpus petition The mandate of the CSRTs and the AR 190-8 Tribunals differed in that AR 190-8 Tribunals were authorized to determine that captives were civilians, who should be released, and "lawful combatants", who the Geneva Conventions protect from prosecution. A privileged combatant is a person who takes a direct part in the hostilities of an armed conflict within the Law of war and is someone who upon capture qualifies as a Prisoner . [9]

Conduct of Combatant Status Review Tribunals

The exact location of the current CSRT hearings is unknown, but prior CSRT hearings were held in trailers in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Images of the trailers, with the white, plastic chairs the detainees sat in shackled to the floor and the large, black leather chair behind a microphone where the President sat can be found on the DoD website. [10]

The Presiding Officers

The identity of the presiding officers at CSRTs hearings is classified. In the PDF files of the CSRT transcripts released on the DoD website, that information has been removed from the transcripts. The ranks of those present, however, and their service branch do remain in the documents. So, for Guleed Hassan Ahmed's CSRT in April of 2007, one finds that the CSRT President was a Lieutenant Colonel and U. Gouled Hassan Dourad ( Somali: Guuleed Xasan Duurad, born 1974 is a citizen of Somalia and who is currently held in Extrajudicial detention S. Air Force Member. Other services present include the U. S. Marine Corps and the U. S. Army; the only other rank present, in this case, was Gunnery Sergeant. [11] In other CSRTs, the ranks, services, and persons present appear to varry. At certain CSRTs when required, a non-military, language analyst was present.

Role of the CSRT Recorder

The CSRT Recorder had several tasks. First, he or she was charged with keeping a record of the CSRT process by recording the CSRT process. Second, the Recorder swore in all the CSRT participants by administering an oath. Third, the Recorder was also charged with presenting classified and unclassified material during the CSRTs. Fourth, the Recorder was often asked to explain or clarrify facts or information during the CSRT. In Guleed Hassan Ahmed's CSRT transcript one finds the following exchange:

PRESIDENT:[The]Tribunal has completed its review of the unclassified evidence provided. We do have one question for the Recorder. Is Somalia, Ethiopia, and/or Kenya a coalition partner?
RECORDER: Somalia is not; Ethiopia is; and Kenya is, a coalition partner of the United States. [11]

Role of the Detainee at CSRTs

Detainees had the option of attending their CSRTs, but attendance was not mandated. Some detainees protested the CSRTs by not attending, opting instead to send personal, written statements to be read before the CSRT in their absence. The reading of a detainee's written statement was the task of The Personal Representative, and this occurred, in one case, with Guleed Hassan Ahmed who did not attend his CSRT and instead sent a statement. [11]

When detainees did attend, if required, a linguist, language analyst, or translator was typically was present to assist the detainee and tribunal members. This was the case in Walid Bin Attash's CSRT, among others, during which a non-military, civilian translator was present. [12]

Presence of Observers at CSRTs

The question of the presence of outside, neutral observers at the CSRTs is debated.

Murat Kurnaz, an example

Murat Kurnaz was a young Turk who was born in, and had grown up, in Germany. Murat Kurnaz (born March 19, 1982 in Bremen, Germany) was held in Extrajudicial detention and claims to have been Tortured When captured he was close to being granted German citizenship. He was taken off a tourist bus and detained while on a trip to Pakistan. The tribunal's determination was that there was enough evidence of Kurnaz had ties to terrorism that he should be held as an enemy combatant.

Through a bureaucratic slip-up Kurnaz's file was declassifed. During the brief window when it was declassified the Washington Post was able to review all the evidence against him and publish a summary. [13] Joyce Hens Green, a Washington jurist, had been able to review both the classified and unclassified evidence. Judge Joyce Hens Green (b1928 is a Senior United States District Court Judge for the District of Columbia. Green found that Kurnaz's file contained something like 100 pages of documents and reports explaining that German and American investigators could find no evidence whatsoever that Kurnaz had any ties to terrorism. Shortly before his tribunal an unsigned memo had been added to his file concluded he was an al Qaeda member. Green's comment on the memo was that it:

"fails to provide significant details to support its conclusory allegations, does not reveal the sources for its information and is contradicted by other evidence in the record. "

Eugene R. Fidell, a Washington-based expert in military law, said:

"It suggests the procedure is a sham, If a case like that can get through, what it means is that the merest scintilla of evidence against someone would carry the day for the government, even if there's a mountain of evidence on the other side. Eugene R Fidell (born March 31 1945 is an American lawyer and notable expert in Military law. "

Critics

It has been suggested these CSR Tribunals are inherently flawed. The principal arguments of why they are inadequate to warrant acceptance as "competent tribunal," are: [14][15]

a The CSRT conducted rudimentary proceedings
b The CSRT afforded detainees few basic protections
c Many detainees lacked counsel
d The CSRT also informed detainees only of general charges against them, while the details on which the CSRT premised enemy combatant status decisions were classified.
e Detainees had no right to present witnesses or to cross-examine government witnesses.

Some specific cases that call attention to what critics assert is a flawed nature of the CSRT procedure: Mustafa Ait Idir, Moazzam Begg, Murat Kurnaz, Feroz Abbasi, and Martin Mubanga. Mustafa Ait Idr an individual detained in the US naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Moazzam Begg (born 1968 is one of nine British Muslims who were held in Extrajudicial detention in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp, in Murat Kurnaz (born March 19, 1982 in Bremen, Germany) was held in Extrajudicial detention and claims to have been Tortured Feroz Abbasi was one of nine British men who were held in Extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainment camps in Cuba Martin Mubanga is a joint citizen of both the United Kingdom and Zambia. [13] A comment on the matter by legal experts states:

The fact that no status determination had taken place according to the Third Geneva Convention was sufficient reason for a judge from the District Court of Columbia dealing with a habeas petition, to stay proceedings before a military commission. Judge Robertson in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld held that the Third Geneva Convention, which he considered self-executing, had not been complied with since a Combatant Status Review Tribunal could not be considered a 'competent tribunal' pursuant to article 5 of the Third Geneva Convention. [16]

James Crisfield, the legal advisor to the Tribunals, offered his legal opinion, that CSRT "do not have the discretion to determine that a detainee should be classified as a prisoner of war -- only whether the detainee satisfies the definition of "enemy combatant""[17] Determining whether a captive should be classified as a prisoner of war is the purpose of a "competent tribunal. Commander James R Crisfield Jr was a Judge Advocate and the legal advisor to the Combatant Status Review Tribunals held at the Guantanamo Bay detainment camp An unlawful combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a Civilian who directly engages in armed conflict under the International Humanitarian Law "

On June 29, 2006, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Geneva Conventions should be applied, but only Article 3, which does not require a competent tribunal. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian [18]

Results

The CSRTs are presently on-going, but specific hearings have resulted in a variety of outcomes. Many detainees are still being detained, others have been released to return to their homeland, and still others have been classified and cleared for release but remain at Guantanamo Bay and in U. S. custody because their home countries cannot assure their safety. [19]

According the to prior Secretary of the Navy Gordon England, The basis of detaining captured enemy combatants is not to punish but, rather, to prevent them from continuing to fight against the United States and its coalition partners in the ongoing global war on terrorism. Detention of captured enemy combatants is both allowed and accepted under international law of armed conflict. [7]

2007 Combatant Status Review Tribunals for 14 "high-value detainees"

In a surprise move President George W. Bush announced the transfer of 14 "high-value detainees" from clandestine CIA custody to military custody in Guantanamo in the fall of 2006. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all [20] Prior to the transfer legal critics had repeatedly stated that the men in covert CIA custody could never be tried because they had been subjected to abusive interrogation techniques, which would invalidate any evidence that flowed from their interrogations.

Nevertheless, Bush said the transfer would allow the men, most of whom were considered to be members of the inner circle of al Qaeda's senior leadership, to be tried at Guantanamo Bay using the CSRT procedures.

U. S. Judicial Branch Appeals

Originally the Bush Presidency asserted that the captives had no right to appeal. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by [21] Captives who had "next friends" willing to initiate the habeas corpus process filed appeals before the United States Judicial Branch. Next friend, in British law and American law, is the phrase used for a person who represents in an action another person who is under disability or otherwise Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Rasul v. Bush was the first appeal to make its way to the Supreme Court of the United States. Rasul v Bush, 542 US 466 (2004 is a landmark United States Supreme Court decision establishing that the U The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The creation of the Combatant Status Review Tribunals was a side effect of Rasul v. Bush.

Through the Detainee Treatment Act of 2005 and the Military Commissions Act of 2006 the United States Congress moved to first limit, and then completely curtail the captive's ability to file habeas corpus appeals. The United States Military Commissions Act of 2006, also known as HR-6166 was an Act of Congress signed by President George W The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses [21]

Captives who had outstanding habeas corpus appeals are expected to have the Supreme Court make a ruling in the consolidated cases Al Odah v. United States and Boumediene v. Bush over whether Congress had the authority strip them of the right to file habeas corpus appeals through the Military Commissions Act. Al Odah v United States is a court case filed by the Center for Constitutional Rights and co-counsels challenging the legality of the continued detention without Boumediene v Bush, 553 US ___ (2008 was a writ of habeas corpus submission made in a civilian court of the United States on behalf of Lakhdar The Supreme Court heard the cases on December 5, 2007, and a ruling is pending.

The Military Commission Act does provide a process where captives can appeal the Combatant Status Review Tribunal had properly followed OARDEC's own rules when it confirmed their enemy combatant status. [21] If and when captives are able to file these appeals they would be heard before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, known informally as the D

Emma Schwartz, in the US News and World Report, on August 30, 2007, reported that her sources told her: ". USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. . . Up to one fourth of the department's own civil appellate staff has recently opted out of handling the government's cases against detainee appeals. "[21]

Several amalgamated cases have been initiated in the DC Circuit Court. [22] There is controversy over whether the Appeal Court will have access to all the evidence against the captives. As of May 2008 none of the cases has actually come to the point where the judges would consider the merits of the case.

See also


Notes

  1. ^ Guantánamo Prisoners Getting Their Day, but Hardly in Court, New York Times, November 11, 2004 - mirror
  2. ^ Inside the Guantánamo Bay hearings: Barbarian "Justice" dispensed by KGB-style "military tribunals", Financial Times, December 11, 2004
  3. ^ Annual Administrative Review Boards for Enemy Combatants Held at Guantanamo Attributable to Senior Defense Officials. The Administrative Review Board is a United States military body that conducts an annual review of the Suspects held by the United States in Camp Delta Military commissions are among procedures planned by the US Bush administration to deal with Detainees it links to Al-Qaeda. Camp Delta, situated at, composed of detention camps 1 2 3 4 and Camp Echo, is a permanent 612-unit detainment camp at Guantanamo Bay that replaced This article concerns a Guantanamo Bay detention camp For an Iraqi camp of the Multinational Division Central-South see Camp Echo (Iraq. Camp Iguana is a small compound in the detainment camp complex on the US Naval base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Camp X-Ray was a temporary detention facility at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp of Joint Task Force Guantanamo on the U The Fourth Geneva Convention (or GCIV) relates to the protection of Civilians during times of War " in the hands " of an enemy and under Ex parte Quirin,, is a Supreme Court of the United States case that upheld the jurisdiction of a United States Military tribunal over the trial Charles D Swift is a Lieutenant Commander (LCDR in the US Navy, Judge Advocate General's Corps and Professor of Law at Emory University School Irregular military refers to any non-standard military Being defined by exclusion there is a lot of variance in what comes under the term No Longer Enemy Combatant, ( NLEC) is a US military term for Guantanamo captives whose Combatant Status Review Tribunal determined they have The Third Geneva Convention (or GCIII) of 1949 one of the Geneva Conventions, is a treaty agreement that primarily concerns the treatment of Prisoners of An unlawful combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a Civilian who directly engages in armed conflict under the International Humanitarian Law The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " United States Department of Defense (March 6, 2007). The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
  4. ^ Full text of Justice O'Connor's opinion. Free Access to Law Movement (June 28, 2004). The Free Access to Law Movement is the umbrella name for the collective of legal projects across several Common law countries to provide free online access to legal information Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2007-09-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.
  5. ^ "Guantanamo Detainee Processes", United States Department of Defense, October 2, 2007. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  6. ^ "Combatant Status Review Tribunals/Administrative Review Boards Special Interest Items", United States Department of Defense, (archive 2006, 2007). The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  7. ^ a b Secretary of The Navy Gordon England. Gordon Richard England ( September 15, 1937) is an American Businessman who currently serves as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense "Status of All Guantanamo Detainees Reviewed; 38 To Be Released", United States Department of State, March 29, 2005. Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  8. ^ Jennifer K. Elsea. "Detainees at Guantanamo Bay: Report for Congress", Congressional Research Service, July 20, 2005. The Congressional Research Service (CRS is the Public policy research arm of the United States Congress. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  9. ^ Human Rights First Analyzes DOD's Combatant Status Review Tribunals. Human Rights First. Human Rights First is a New York City -based association formerly known as the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights. Retrieved on June 8, 2007. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  10. ^ "Combatant Status Review Tribunals/Administrative Review Boards Special Interest Items", United States Department of Defense, (archive 2004, 2005). The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  11. ^ a b c OARDEC. The Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants is responsible for running Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT for captives held in "Verbatim Transcript of Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10023", United States Department of Defense, 28 April 2007. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  12. ^ OARDEC. The Office for the Administrative Review of the Detention of Enemy Combatants is responsible for running Combatant Status Review Tribunals (CSRT for captives held in "Verbatim Transcript of Open Session Combatant Status Review Tribunal Hearing for ISN 10014", United States Department of Defense, March 12, 2007. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  13. ^ a b Carol D. Leonnig. Carol D Leonnig is an American investigative Journalist and a prominent Washington Post Staff Writer "Panel Ignored Evidence on Detainee", Washington Post, March 27, 2005, pp. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.  A01. Retrieved on 2008-01-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.  
  14. ^ Carl Tobias. "Congress Should Act Fast", National Law Journal, August 15, 2005. The National Law Journal, a US Periodical founded in 1978, reports legal information of national importance to attorneys including federal Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  15. ^ Dan Smith. Dan Smith may refer to Dan Smith (author, retired American Army colonel and author Dan Smith (artist, illustrator and graphic artist "A Question of Fair "Justice" for prisoners held at Guantanamo", New York University, July 26, 2004. New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Retrieved on 2007-11-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw  
  16. ^ Terry Gill, Elies van Sliedregt. Terry Gill is a British -born actor who carved a nichè in Australian Television playing police officers "Guantánamo Bay: A Reflection On The Legal Status And Rights Of 'Unlawful Enemy Combatants'", The Utrecht Law Review. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  17. ^ Moazzam Begg's dossier (.pdf) from his Combatant Status Review Tribunal, hosted by Associated Press
  18. ^ Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, Supreme Court Syllabus, pg. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio 4. , point 4.
  19. ^ "Habeas Schmabeas 2007", Chicago Public Radio, April 27, 2007. Chicago Public Radio is a noncommercial Public radio station broadcasting from Chicago, Illinois. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-11-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare  
  20. ^ Associated Press. "U.S. Military Rehearses Terror Hearings", New York Times, December 17, 2006. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.  
  21. ^ a b c d Emma Schwartz. "Justice Department Lawyers Refuse Detainee Cases: Some lawyers in the civil appeals division object to the government's policies on Guantánamo Bay", US News and World Report, August 30, 2007. USNews & World Report is an influential weekly American Newsmagazine published in Washington D Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-08-30. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and  
  22. ^ Matt Apuzzo. "U.S. murky on judges' role in reviewing Guantanamo Bay cases", San Diego Union Tribune, April 30, 2008. The San Diego Union-Tribune is a daily Newspaper published in San Diego California, by the Copley Press. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar.  

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