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Saint Columba
Saint Columba, Apostle of the Picts
Apostle of the Picts
Born December 7, 521(521-12-07), County Donegal, Ireland
Died June 9, 597 (aged 75), Iona, Scotland
Venerated in Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Church
Major shrine Iona, Scotland
Feast June 9
Patronage floods, bookbinders, poets, Ireland, Scotland
Saints Portal
See Columba (disambiguation) and St Columb for other uses. The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Events By Place Byzantine Empire Future Byzantine emperor Justinian becomes Consul. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Events By Topic Education The King's School is founded in Canterbury. Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Lutheranism is a major branch of Western Christianity that identifies with the teachings of the sixteenth-century German reformer Martin Luther See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Calendar of saints is a traditional Christian method of organizing a Liturgical year on the level of days by associating each day with one or more Saints Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits The patron saint of a particular group of people is a Saint who would protect and 'love' the group and its members A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge POETS day is a term used by workers in England and Australia, to jocularly refer to Friday as the last day of the Work week. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
Not to be confused with St Columbanus, also Irish and partly his contemporary. Not to be confused with St Columba, also Irish and partly his contemporary

Saint Columba (7 December 521 – 9 June 597), sometimes referred to as Columba of Iona, or, in Old Irish, as Colm Cille or Columcille (meaning "Dove of the church") was an outstanding figure among the Gaelic missionary monks who, some of his advocates claim, introduced Christianity to the Kingdom of the Picts during the Early Medieval Period. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Events By Place Byzantine Empire Future Byzantine emperor Justinian becomes Consul. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Events By Topic Education The King's School is founded in Canterbury. Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language, or rather the Goidelic languages, for which extensive written texts are possessed A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century The Early Middle Ages is a period in the History of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire spanning roughly five centuries from AD 500 He was one of the Twelve Apostles of Ireland. The Twelve Apostles of Ireland (also known as Twelve Apostles of Erin) were twelve early Irish monastic Saints of the Sixth century who studied [1]

Contents

Early life in Ireland

Columba was born to Fedlimid and Eithne of the Uí Néill house in Gartan, near Lough Gartan, County Donegal, in Ireland. The Uí Néill ( Irish for descendants of Niall; Uí pronounced 'Ee') were Irish and Scottish Dynasties who claimed descent from Niall Gartan ( Irish: Gartán) is a parish in County Donegal, Ireland. County Donegal (ˌdʌnəˈgɔːl Irish: Contae Dhún na nGall. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world On his father's side he was great-great-grandson of Niall of the Nine Hostages, an Irish high king of the 5th century. Niall Noígíallach ( Old Irish "having nine Hostages quot pronounced /niː'əl noɪ'jiːəlax/ was an Irish king the Eponymous ancestor A High King of Ireland ( Ard Rí na hÉireann) is a historical or legendary figure who claimed lordship over the whole of Ireland. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era.

In early Christian Ireland the druidic tradition collapsed, with the spread of the new Christian faith. The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental A druid was a member of the priestly and learned class in the ancient Celtic societies The study of Latin learning and Christian theology in monasteries flourished. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Columba became a pupil at the monastic school at Clonard Abbey, situated on the River Boyne in modern County Meath. Clonard Abbey (Irish Cluain Eraird, or Cluain Iraird, "Erard's Meadow" was an early Medieval Monastery situated on the The River Boyne ( Abhainn na Bóinne) is a river in Leinster, Ireland, the course of which is about 112 Kilometres (70 Miles long County Meath (Contae na Mí is a county in Ireland, often informally called The Royal County During the sixth century, some of the most significant names in the history of Irish christianity studied at the Clonard monastery. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings It is said that the average number of scholars under instruction at Clonard was 3,000. [1] Twelve students who studied under St. Finian became known as the Twelve Apostles of Ireland, Columba was one of these. St Finnian of Clonard ('Cluain Eraird' or Finian 'Fionáin' in Irish (470 - 549 was one of the early Irish monastic Saints He founded Clonard Abbey The Twelve Apostles of Ireland (also known as Twelve Apostles of Erin) were twelve early Irish monastic Saints of the Sixth century who studied He became a monk and was ordained as a priest.

Tradition asserts that, sometime around 560, he became involved in a quarrel with Saint Finnian of Moville over a psalter. Events By Place Europe Ceawlin of Wessex becomes King of Wessex (traditional date St Finnian or St Uinniau of Moville (495 - 589 was a Christian Missionary who became a legendary figure in medieval Ireland. A Psalter is a volume containing the Book of Psalms and which often contains other devotional material Columba copied the manuscript at the scriptorium under Saint Finnian, intending to keep the copy. Scriptorium, literally "a place for writing" is commonly used to refer to a room in medieval European Monasteries devoted to the copying of manuscripts by monastic Saint Finnian disputed his right to keep the copy. The dispute eventually led to the pitched Battle of Cúl Dreimhne in 561, during which many men were killed. Events By Place Europe Clotaire I dies and the Frankish kingdom is divided Sigebert I becomes king of Austrasia Columba's copy of the psalter has been traditionally associated with the Cathach of St. Columba. The Cathach of St Columba (Dublin Royal Irish Academy s n is an early seventh century Irish Psalter. A synod of clerics and scholars threatened to excommunicate him for these deaths, but St. Brendan of Birr spoke on his behalf with the result that he was allowed to go into exile instead. Saint Brendan of Birr (died c 573) was one of the early Irish monastic Saints He was a monk and later an abbot of the 6th century Columba suggested that he would work as a missionary in Scotland to help convert as many people as had been killed in the battle. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. He exiled himself from Ireland, to return only once again, several years later. Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return

Scotland

In 563 he travelled to Scotland with twelve companions, where according to his legend he first landed at the southern tip of the Kintyre peninsula, near Southend. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I re-consecrates Hagia Sophia after its dome is rebuilt Kintyre ( Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Tìre kʲiɲˈtʲiːɾʲə is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the south-west of Argyll and Bute. Southend ( Scottish Gaelic: Ceann mu Dheas kʲaunˠ̪ mə ʝes̪ is the main settlement at the southern end of the Kintyre peninsula Argyll and Bute However, being still in sight of his native land he moved further north up the west coast of Scotland. In 563 he was granted land on the island of Iona off the west coast of Scotland which became the centre of his evangelising mission to the Picts. Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian I re-consecrates Hagia Sophia after its dome is rebuilt Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility Evangelism is the Christian practice of proselytisation. The intention of most evangelism is to effect Eternal salvation to those who do not follow the The Picts were a Confederation of tribes in what was later to become eastern and northern Scotland from Roman times until the 10th century However, there is a sense in which he was not leaving his native people, as the Irish Gaels had been colonizing the west coast of Scotland for the previous couple of centuries. [2] Aside from the services he provided guiding the only centre of literacy in the region, his reputation as a holy man led to his role as a diplomat among the tribes; there are also many stories of miracles which he performed during his work to convert the Picts. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states He visited the pagan king Bridei, king of Fortriu, at his base in Inverness, winning the king's respect. Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world Bridei son of Maelchon, was king of the Picts until his death around 584&ndash586 Fortriu or the Kingdom of Fortriu is the name given by historians for an ancient Pictish kingdom and often used synonymously with Inverness (Inbhir Nis iɲɪɾʲˈniʃ is a city in northern Scotland. He subsequently played a major role in the politics of the country. He was also very energetic in his evangelical work, and, in addition to founding several churches in the Hebrides, he worked to turn his monastery at Iona into a school for missionaries. See also Hebrides (disambiguation The Hebrides (ˈhɛbrɨˌdiːz "HEB-ri-deez" Gaelic: Innse Gall) comprise a widespread and diverse He was a renowned man of letters, having written several hymns and being credited with having transcribed 300 books. A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities Calligraphy (from Greek kallos "beauty" + graphẽ "writing" is the art of writing (Mediavilla 1996 17 One of the few, if not the only, times he left Scotland after his arrival was toward the end of his life, when he returned to Ireland to found the monastery at Durrow. Durrow Abbey is a historic site located off the N52 some 5 miles from Tullamore, County Offaly, Ireland. Durrow ( Darú in Irish) (meaning 'plain of the oaks' is a small rural village in County Offaly, Ireland. He died on Iona and was buried in the abbey he created.

Several islands are named after Columba in Scotland - including "Ì Chaluim Chille" (one of the Scottish Gaelic names of Iona), Inchcolm and Eilean Chaluim Chille

Lasting legacy

Columba is credited as being a leading figure in the revitalization of monasticism, and "[h]is achievements illustrated the importance of the Celtic church in bringing a revival of Christianity to Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire". Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility Inchcolm is an Island in the Firth of Forth in Scotland. Repeatedly attacked by English raiders during the Wars of Scottish Independence, it Eilean Chaluim Chille ( Gaelic: island of Saint Columba, Calum Cille is an unpopulated island in the Outer Hebrides. Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one Celtic Christianity, or Insular Christianity (sometimes called the Celtic Church or the British Church) broadly refers to the Early Medieval It is said Clan Robertson are heirs of Columba, the blood line now resides with Ethan and Gregory Robertson. [3]

Vita Columbae

The main source of information about Columba's life is the Vita Columbae by Adomnán (also known as Eunan), the ninth Abbot of Iona, who died in 704. Saint Adomnán of Iona (627/8 &ndash 704 was Abbot of Iona (679-704 Hagiographer, statesman and clerical lawyer he was the author of the most Events By Place Byzantine Empire Justinian II re-takes the throne of the Byzantine Empire. Both the Vita Columbae and Bede record Columba's visit to Bridei. Whereas Adomnán just tells us that Columba visited Bridei, Bede relates a later, perhaps Pictish tradition, whereby the saint actually converts the Pictish king. Another early source is a poem in praise of Columba, most probably commissioned by Columba's kinsman, the king of the Ui Neill clan. It was almost certainly written within three or four years of Columba's death and is the earliest vernacular poem in European history. It consists of 25 stanzas of four verses of seven syllables each. In Poetry, a stanza is a unit within a larger Poem. In modern poetry the term is often equivalent with Strophe; in popular vocal music a stanza is

The earliest recorded example of the name Arthur in a British document occurs, as Arturius, in Adomnan's vita. Arthur is a common male name meaning " Bear -like" believed to possibly be descended from the Roman surname Artorius (" Plowman There it occurs as the name of a prince among the Scots, the son of Áedán mac Gabráin, king of Dál Riata from AD 574, far from the legendary King Arthur's familiar haunts in the southwest. Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Gaelic overkingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland with some territory on the northern King Arthur is a legendary British leader who according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against the Saxon invaders

The vita of Columba is also the source of the first known reference to a Loch Ness Monster. The Loch Ness Monster ( Nessiteras rhombopteryx) is an alleged animal family and upward Incertae sedis, purportedly inhabiting Scotland 's Loch Ness According to Adomnan, Columba came across a group of Picts who were burying a "poor little man"[4] who had been killed by the monster, and saved a swimmer with the sign of the Cross and the imprecation "You will go no further", at which the beast fled terrified, to the amazement of the assembled Picts who glorified Columba's God. The Sign of the Cross, or Signum crucis in Latin is a ritual hand motion made by members of many but not all branches of Christianity. Whether or not this incident is true, Adomnan's text specifically states that the monster was swimming in the River Ness -- the river flowing from the loch -- rather than in Loch Ness itself. The River Ness ( Scottish Gaelic: "Abhainn Nis" is a River flowing from Loch Ness in Scotland, north to Inverness and the Loch Ness ( Scottish Gaelic: Loch Nis) is a large deep freshwater Loch in the Scottish Highlands ( extending for approximately 37 km (23 miles

Through the reputation of its venerable founder and its position as a major European centre of learning, Columba's Iona became a place of pilgrimage. In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance A network of Celtic high crosses marking processional routes developed around his shrine at Iona. High Cross is the name of a number of locations in the United Kingdom England High Cross Cambridgeshire High Cross

Columba is historically revered as a warrior saint, and was often invoked for victory in battle. His relics were finally removed in 849 and divided between Alba and Ireland. Events Asia In the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital city of Chang'an, an imperial prince was impeached from his position by officials at Relics of Columba were carried before Scottish armies in the reliquary made at Iona in the mid-8th century, called the Brecbennoch. Legend has it that the Brecbennoch, was carried to Bannockburn by the vastly outnumbered Scots army and the intercession to the Saint helped them to victory. A number of other places are named after Bannockburn &mdash see Bannockburn (disambiguation. It is widely thought that the Monymusk Reliquary is this object. The Monymusk Reliquary is an eighth century Scottish Reliquary made of wood and metal characterised by a Insular fusion of Gaelic and

O Columba spes Scotorum. . . "O Columba, hope of the Scots" begins a 13th century prayer in the Antiphoner of Inchcolm, the "Iona of the East". An Antiphonary, Antiphonal, or Antiphoner (Latin antiphonarium antiphonarius antiphonarius liber antiphonale; Greek ’antíphonon antiphon antiphone

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Gratton-Flood, W. The history of Ireland begins with the first known settlement in Ireland around 8000 BC when Hunter-gatherers arrived from Great Britain and continental This is a list of people on the Postage stamps of the Irish Free State between 1922 and 1937 and on the postage stamps of Ireland since 1937, including Old High St Stephen's Church is a Parish church of the Church of Scotland in Inverness, the capital city of the Highlands of Scotland The Early Middle Ages, a period which corresponds in part with Early Historic Scotland and the Later Iron Age, is that era of Scottish pre-history and H. (1913). "The Twelve Apostles of Erin". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved on 2008-02-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.  
  2. ^ Fletcher, Richard (1989). Who's Who in Roman Britain and Anglo-Saxon England. Shepheard-Walwyn, 23-24. ISBN 0-85683-089-5.  
  3. ^ (1977) in Dowley, Tim, et al. : Eerdman's Handbook to the History of Christianity. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co. . ISBN 0-8028-3450-7.  
  4. ^ Vita Columbae

Further reading

External links

Preceded by
-		 Abbot of Iona
d. Abbot of Iona, was the head of Iona Abbey and the leader of the monastic community of Iona, and overlords of scores of monasteries in both Scotland and Ireland including 597		 Succeeded by
Baithéne
Persondata
NAME Columba
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Saint Columba, Columba of Iona, Colm Cille, Columcille
SHORT DESCRIPTION A Saint and gaelic missionary monk. Events By Topic Education The King's School is founded in Canterbury.
DATE OF BIRTH 7 December 521
PLACE OF BIRTH Glengiven,County Londonderry, Northern Ireland
DATE OF DEATH 9 June 597
PLACE OF DEATH Aghaboe, Ireland
Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Events By Place Byzantine Empire Future Byzantine emperor Justinian becomes Consul. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Events By Topic Education The King's School is founded in Canterbury. Aghaboe is a village and parish in County Laois, Ireland. It is located on the R434 Regional road in the rural hinterland west of the town of Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world

Dictionary

Columba

-proper noun

  1. St. Columba of Iona (Old Irish Columb Cille, meaning "Dove of the church"); one of the Gaelic missionary monks who reintroduced Christianity to Scotland during the Dark Ages.
  2. Any of three other Christian saints who bore the name Columba.
  3. (astronomy) A small winter constellation of the northern sky, said to resemble a dove. It was introduced by Augustin Royer in 1679, as a split from the constellation Canis Major.
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