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Pixel color depth

1-bit monochrome
8-bit grayscale

8-bit color
16-bit Highcolor
24-bit Truecolor
30/36/48-bit Deep Color
Related

RGB color model
Indexed color
Palette
Web-safe color
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Color depth is a computer graphics term describing the number of bits used to represent the color of a single pixel in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer. A binary image is a Digital image that has only two possible values for each Pixel. In Computing, a grayscale or greyscale Digital image is an image in which the value of each Pixel 8-bit color graphics is a method of storing image information in a computer's memory or in an image file such that each Pixel is represented by one 8-bit Byte. Highcolor graphics (variously spelled Hicolor, Hicolour, and Highcolour, and known as Thousands of colors on a Macintosh) is a method See also True Colors (disambiguation. Truecolor is a method of representing and storing graphical image information (especially in computer Deep Color is a term used to describe a method of representing graphical image data using an extremely large number of shades hues and luminosities capable of displaying billions of possible In computing indexed color is a technique to manage Digital images colors in a limited fashion in order to save computer's memory and file storage In Computer graphics, a palette is either a given finite set of Colors for the management of Digital images (that is a color palette) or Web colors are Colors used in designing web pages and the methods for describing and specifying those colors Computer graphics are Graphics created by Computers and more generally the Representation and Manipulation of Pictorial Data A bit is a binary digit, taking a value of either 0 or 1 Binary digits are a basic unit of Information storage and communication In Digital imaging, a pixel ( pict ure el ement is the smallest piece of information in an image In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels A framebuffer is a video output device that drives a video display from a memory buffer containing a complete frame of data This concept is also known as bits per pixel (bpp), particularly when specified along with the number of bits used. Higher color depth gives a broader range of distinct colors.

Contents

Indexed color

Main article: Indexed color

With relatively low color depth, the stored value is typically a number representing the index into a color map or palette. In computing indexed color is a technique to manage Digital images colors in a limited fashion in order to save computer's memory and file storage In Computer graphics, a palette is either a given finite set of Colors for the management of Digital images (that is a color palette) or The colors available in the palette itself may be fixed by the hardware or modifiable within the limits of the hardware (for instance, both color Macintosh systems and VGA-equipped IBM-PCs typically ran at 8-bit due to limited VRAM, but while the best VGA systems only offered an 18-bit (262,144 color) palette from which colors could be chosen, all color Macintosh video hardware offered a 24-bit (16 million color) palette). Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc The term Video Graphics Array ( VGA) refers specifically to the display hardware first introduced with the IBM PS/2 line of computers in 1987, but through its widespread Modifiable palettes are sometimes referred to as pseudocolor palettes.

1 bit
1 bit
4 bits
4 bits
8 bits
8 bits

Old graphics chips, particularly those used in home computers and video game consoles, often feature an additional level of palette mapping in order to increase the maximum number of simultaneously displayed colors. For example, in the ZX Spectrum, the picture is stored in a two-color format, but these two colors can be separately defined for each rectangular block of 8x8 pixels. The Sinclair ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal Home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research Ltd

Direct color

As the number of bits increases, the number of possible colors becomes impractically large for a color map. So in higher color depths, the color value typically directly encodes relative brightnesses of red, green, and blue to specify a color in the RGB color model.

8-bit direct color

A very limited but true direct color system, there are 3 bits (8 possible levels) for both the R and G components, and the two remaining bits in the byte pixel to the B component (four levels), enabling 256 (8 × 8 × 4) different colors. The normal human eye is less sensitive to the blue component than to the red or green, so it is assigned one bit less than the others. Used, amongst others, in some Apple Macintosh and the MSX2 system series of computers in the early to mid 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999

Do not confuse with an indexed color depth of 8bpp (although it can be simulated in such systems selecting the adequate table).

12-bit direct color

In 12-bit direct color, there are 4 bits (16 possible levels) for each of the R, G, and B components, enabling 4,096 (16 × 16 × 16) different colors. This color depth is sometimes used in mobile devices with a color display, such as mobile telephones and other equipment.

HighColor

Highcolor or HiColor is considered sufficient to provide life-like colors, and is encoded using either 15 or 16 bits:

LCD displays

Truecolor

Truecolor (24+ bits)
Truecolor (24+ bits)

Truecolor can mimic far more of the colors found in the real world, producing 16. See also True Colors (disambiguation. Truecolor is a method of representing and storing graphical image information (especially in computer 8 million distinct colors. This approaches the level at which megapixel monitors can display distinct colors for most photographic images, though image manipulation, monochromatic images (which are restricted to 256 levels, owing to their single channel), large images or "pure" generated images reveal banding and dithering artifacts. Posterization (pronounced Poe-ster-ize-ation of an image occurs when a region of an image with a continuous gradation of tone is replaced with several regions of fewer tones resulting

30-bit color

Video cards with 10 bits per color, or 30-bit color, started coming into the market in the late '90s. An early example was the Radius ThunderPower card for the Macintosh, which included extensions for Quickdraw and Photoshop plugins to support editing 30-bit images. [1]

32-bit color

"32-bit color" is generally a misnomer in regard to display color depth. While actual 32-bit color at ten to eleven bits per channel produces 4,294,967,296 distinct colors, the term "32-bit color" is most often a misuse referring to 24-bit color images with an additional eight bits of non-color data (I. E. : alpha, Z or bump data), or sometimes even to plain 24-bit data. In Computer graphics, alpha compositing is the process of combining an image with a background to create the appearance of partial transparency In Computer graphics, z-buffering is the management of image depth coordinates in three-dimensional (3-D graphics usually done in Hardware, sometimes in ' Bump mapping' is a Computer graphics technique where at each Pixel, a perturbation to the Surface normal of the object being rendered is

Systems using more than 24 bits in a 32-bit pixel for actual color data exist, but most of them opt for a 30-bit implementation with two bits of padding so that they can have an even 10 bits of color for each channel, similar to many HiColor systems.

Beyond truecolor

While some high-end graphics workstation systems and the accessories marketed toward use with such systems, as from SGI, have always used more than 8 bits per channel, such as 12 or 16 (36-bit or 48-bit color), such color depths have only worked their way into the general market more recently. Silicon Graphics Inc (commonly initialised to SGI, historically sometimes referred to as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) is a company

While practically every consumer brand of printer, scanner and digital camera on the market since the late 1990s offers 10, 12 or 16-bit DACs/ADCs, the ability to edit or see these colors onscreen has not seeped into modern PC systems. In Electronics, a digital-to-analog converter ( DAC or D-to-A) is a device for converting a digital (usually binary code to an Analog signal An analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D or A to D) is an electronic integrated circuit which converts continuous signals to On the software front, working with high color depths is very difficult under Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows and most PC-based UNIX-likes, and many programs such as Photoshop or Final Cut are generally incapable of performing all operations in higher bit depths. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming On the hardware front, no consumer video adapter chipset has DACs better than 8-bit, and the integrated DACs in newer digital (LCD, PDP, etc…) monitors are often only 6-bit or worse. A plasma display panel (PDP is a type of Flat panel display now commonly used for large TV displays (typically above 37-inch or 940 mm

As bit depths climb above twenty four, some systems are using the extra room to store data nonlinearly, with the most common form being the storage of more data than can be displayed all at once, as in extended dynamic range imaging, including high dynamic range imaging (HDRI). In Image processing, Computer graphics, and Photography, high dynamic range imaging (HDRI is a set of techniques that allows a greater dynamic Floating point numbers are used to describe numbers in excess of 'full' white and black. In Computing, floating point describes a system for numerical representation in which a string of digits (or Bits represents a Real number. This allows an image to describe accurately the intensity of the sun and deep shadows in the same color space for less distortion after intensive editing. Various models describe these ranges, many employing 32 bit accuracy per channel. A new format is the ILM "half" using 16-bit floating point numbers, it appears this is a much better use of 16 bits than using 16-bit integers and is likely to replace it entirely as hardware becomes fast enough to support it. Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM) is a motion picture Visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas and is owned In Computing, half precision is a Computer numbering format that occupies only half of one storage location (word in computer memory at some address

The ATI FireGL V7350 graphics card supports 40-bit and 64-bit color. The ATI FireGL range of Graphics cards are a series fabricated by ATI for use with CAD (Computer Aided Design and DCC (Digital Content Creation A video card, also known as a graphics accelerator card, display adapter, or graphics card, is a hardware component whose function is to [2]

Television color

Most of today's TVs and computer screens form images by varying the intensity of just three primary colors: red, green, and blue. Bright yellow, for example, is composed of equal parts red and green, with no blue component. However, this is only an approximation, and is not as saturated as actual yellow light. For this reason, recent technologies such as Texas Instruments's BrilliantColor augment the typical red, green, and blue channels with up to three others: cyan, magenta and yellow. Texas Instruments ( better known in the electronics industry (and popularly as TI, is an American company based in Dallas, Texas, USA [3] Mitsubishi and Samsung, among others, use this technology in some TV sets. The, Mitsubishi Group of Companies, or Mitsubishi Companies is a Japanese conglomerate consisting of a range of autonomous businesses which share the Mitsubishi The Samsung Group ( Korean:, Samsung Guerup) is South Korea 's largest company or Chaebol and the world's largest conglomerate Assuming that 8 bits are used per color, such six-color images would have a color depth of 48 bits.

See also

References

  1. ^ Radius Ships ThunderPower 30/1920 Graphics Card Capable of Super Resolution 1920 x 1080 and Billions of Colors. A bit plane of a Digital Discrete signal (such as image or sound is a set of Bits having the same position in the respective Binary numbers
  2. ^ Smith, Tony (2006-03-20). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. ATI unwraps first 1GB graphics card. Retrieved on 2006-10-03. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 42 BC - First Battle of Philippi: Triumvirs Mark Antony and Octavian fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's
  3. ^ Hutchison, David C. (2006-04-05). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop "Wider color gamuts on DLP display systems through BrilliantColor technology". Digital TV DesignLine.  

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