Collier's Weekly was an American magazine founded by Peter Fenelon Collier and published from 1888 to 1957. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Peter Fenelon Collier ( December 12, 1849 &ndash April 24, 1909) was the publisher of Collier's Weekly. With the passage of decades, the title was shortened to Collier's.
As a result of Peter Collier's pioneering investigative journalism, Collier's Weekly established a reputation as a proponent of social reform. Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal When attempts by various companies to sue Collier ended in failure, other magazines became involved in what Theodore Roosevelt described unflatteringly as "muckraking journalism. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T For other meanings see Muckraker (disambiguation The term muckraker most associated with a group of American investigative reporters "
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History
Irish immigrant Collier (1849-1909) left Ireland at age 17. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Although he went to a seminary to become a priest, he instead started work as a salesman for P. J. Kennedy, publisher of books for the Catholic market. When Collier wanted to boost sales by offering books on a subscription plan, it led to a disagreement with Kennedy, so Collier left to start his own subscription service. P. F. Collier & Son began in 1875, expanding into the largest subscription house in America with sales of 30 million books during the 1900-1910 decade. [1]
In April, 1888, Collier's Once a Week was launched as a magazine of "fiction, fact, sensation, wit, humor, news". By 1892, with a circulation climbing past the 250,000 mark, Collier's Once a Week was one of the largest selling magazines in the United States. The name was changed to Collier's Weekly: An Illustrated Journal in 1895. With an emphasis on news, the magazine became a leading exponent of the halftone news picture. To fully exploit the new technology, Peter Collier recruited James H. Hare, one of the pioneers of photojournalism. Collier's only son, Robert J. Collier became a full partner in 1898. Robert Joseph Collier ( June 17, 1876 &ndash November 9, 1918) was the publisher of Collier's Weekly magazine and president of the
Peter Collier died in 1909, and then Robert Collier died in 1918, leaving a will that turned the magazine over to three of his friends: Samuel Dunn, Harry Payne Whitney and Francis Patrick Garvan. Harry Payne Whitney ( April 29 1872 - October 26 1930) was an American businessman Thoroughbred horsebreeder and member of the prominent Francis Patrick Garvan (born June 13, 1875 in East Hartford Connecticut - November 7, 1937) was an American
The magazine was sold in 1919 to the Crowell Publishing Company (which in 1939 was renamed as Crowell-Collier Publishing Company). Thomas Y Crowell Co is a publishing company founded by Thomas Y [2]
Editors and writers
When Norman Hapgood became editor of Collier's Weekly in 1903, he attracted many leading writers. Norman Hapgood (1868-1937 was an American Writer, Journalist, editor, and Critic, born in Chicago Illinois. In May, 1906, he commissioned Jack London to cover the San Francisco earthquake, a report accompanied by 16 pages of pictures. Jack London (January 12 1876 &ndash November 22 1916 was an American author who wrote The Call of the Wild, White Fang, and The Under Hapgood's guidance, Collier's Weekly began publishing the work of investigative journalists such as Samuel Hopkins Adams, Ray Stannard Baker, C.P. Connolly and Ida Tarbell. Samuel Hopkins Adams ( January 26, 1871 &ndash November 15, 1958) was an American writer best known for his investigative journalism Ray Stannard Baker ( April 17, 1870 – July 12, 1946) also known by his Pen name David Grayson, was a American CP Connolly (1863-1935 was a radical American investigative Journalist who was associated for many years with Collier's Weekly. Ida Minerva Tarbell ( November 5 1857 &ndash January 6 1944) was a American Teacher, Author and Journalist. Hapgood's approach had great impact, resulting in such changes as the reform of the child labor laws, slum clearance and women's suffrage. The Child labor laws in the United States include numerous statutes and rules regulating the employment of minors. In April, 1905, an article by Upton Sinclair, "Is Chicago Meat Clean?", persuaded the Senate to pass the 1906 Meat Inspection Act. Upton Beall Sinclair Jr ( September 20, 1878 &ndash November 25, 1968) was a Pulitzer The Meat Inspection Act of 1906 was a United States federal law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to inspect and condemn any meat product found unfit
Starting October 7, 1905, Adams startled readers with "The Great American Fraud," an 11-part Collier's series. Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Analyzing the contents of popular patent medicines, Adams pointed out that the companies producing these medicines were making false claims about their products and some were health hazards. Patent medicine is the somewhat misleading term given to various medical Compounds sold under a variety of names and labels though they were for the most part actually Hapgood launched the series with the following editorial:
- In the present number we print the first article in "The Great American Fraud" series, which is to describe thoroughly the ways and methods, as well as the evils and dangers, of the patent medicine business. This article is but the opening gun of the campaign, and is largely introductory in character, but it will give the reader a good idea of what is to come when Mr. Adams gets down to peculiarities. The next article, to appear two weeks hence, will treat of "Peruna and the 'Bracers'," that is, of those concoctions which are advertised and sold as medicines, but which in reality are practically cocktails.
- Since these articles on patent medicine frauds were announced in Collier's some time ago, most of the makers of alcoholic and opiated medicines have been running to cover, and even the Government has been awakened to a sense of responsibility. A few weeks ago the Commissioner of Internal Revenue issued an order to his Collectors, ordering them to exact a special tax from the manufacturer of every compound composed of distilled spirits, "even though drugs have been added thereto. " The list of "tonics," "blood purifiers" and "cures" that will come under this head has not yet been published by the Treasury Department, but it is bound to include a good many of the beverages which, up to the present time, have been soothing the consciences while stimulating the palates of the temperance folk. The next official move will doubtless be against the opium-sellers; but these have likewise taken fright, and several of the most notorious "consumption cures" no longer include opium or hasheesh in their concoction. [1]
"The Great American Fraud" had a powerful impact and led to the first Pure Food and Drug Act (1906). The Pure Food and Drug Act of June 30, 1906 is a United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture The entire series was reprinted by the American Medical Association in a book, The Great American Fraud, which sold 500,000 copies at 50 cents each.
Hapgood had a huge influence on public opinion, and between 1909 and 1912, he succeeded in doubling the circulation of Collier's from a half million to a million. When he moved on to Harper's Weekly in 1912, he was replaced as editor for the next couple years by Robert J. Collier, the son of the founder. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts Robert Joseph Collier ( June 17, 1876 &ndash November 9, 1918) was the publisher of Collier's Weekly magazine and president of the
Writers such as Martha Gellhorn and Ernest Hemingway, who reported on the Spanish Civil War, helped boost the circulation. Martha Gellhorn ( 8 November 1908 - 15 February 1998) was an American Novelist, Travel Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Winston Churchill, who wrote an account of the First World War, was a regular contributor during the 1930s, but his series of articles ended in 1938 when he became a minister in the British government. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All A minister or a secretary is a Politician who holds significant public office in a national or regional Government. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Other writers included Willa Cather, Zane Grey, Ring Lardner, Sinclair Lewis, E. Willa Sibert Cather ( December 7, 1873 &ndash April 24, 1947) was an American author who grew up in Nebraska. Zane Grey ( January 31, 1872 – October 23, 1939) was an American author best known for his popular adventure Novels and Ringgold Wilmer Lardner ( March 6 1885 – September 25 1933) was an American sports columnist and Short story writer best Sinclair Lewis ( February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American Novelist, Short-story writer and Phillips Oppenheim, Carl Fick, Cornelius Ryan, Ruth Burr Sanborn, Albert Payson Terhune and H. Carl Fick (born 1918 Evanston Illinois) is the director of several documentaries including the Cannes award-winning A Day in the Death of Donny B Cornelius Ryan, ( 5 June 1920 &ndash 23 November 1974) was an Irish-American Journalist and Author mainly known Albert Payson Terhune ( December 21 1872 – February 18 1942) was an American Author, Dog breeder, and C. Witwer. [3]
Radio
Collier's circulation battle with The Saturday Evening Post led to the creation of The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932. The Saturday Evening Post was a weekly Magazine published in the United States from August 4, 1821 to February 8, The Collier Hour, broadcast on the NBC Blue Network from 1927 to 1932 was radio's first major dramatic anthology adapting stories and serials from Collier's in a It was radio's first major dramatic anthology, adapting stories and serials from Collier's. Airing on the Wednesday before weekly publication, it switched to Sundays to avoid spoilers with stories being aired simultaneously with the magazine. In 1929, in addition to the dramatizations, it offered music, news, sports and comedy.
Serials
Serializing novels during the late 1920s, Collier's Weekly sometimes simultaneously ran two ten-part novels, and non-fiction was also serialized. Between 1913 and 1949, Sax Rohmer's Fu Manchu serials, illustrated by Joseph Clement Coll and others, were hugely popular. Joseph Clement Coll (1881-1921 was an American newspaper and book Illustrator. The Mask of Fu Manchu, which was adapted into a 1932 film and a 1951 Wally Wood comic book, was first published as a 12-part Collier's serial, running from May 7 to July 23, 1932. Wallace Allan Wood ( June 17, 1927, Menahga Minnesota – November 2, 1981, Los Angeles California) was an American Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The May 7 issue displayed a memorable cover illustration by famed maskmaker Władysław T. Benda, and his mask design for that cover was repeated by many other illustrators in subsequent adaptations and reprints. Władysław Teodor Benda (b January 15 1873 in Poznań ( Posen) German Empire - d [1]
Illustrators and cartoonists
Leading illustrators and cartoonists contributed to Collier's, including Charles Addams, Carl Anderson, Stan and Jan Berenstain, Sam Berman, Howard Chandler Christy, Sam Cobean, Harrison Fisher, James Montgomery Flagg, A. Charles Samuel Addams ( 7 January, 1912 - 29 September, 1988) was an American Cartoonist known for his particularly Carl Thomas Anderson ( 14 February 1865 – 4 November 1948) was a Cartoonist based in the United States. Stan and Jan Berenstain were United States writers and Illustrators best known for creating the children's book series Sam Berman (born 1906 was a leading caricaturist of the 1940s and 1950s Howard Chandler Christy ( January 10, 1873 &mdash March 3, 1952) was an American artist famous for the "Christy Girl" similar to James Montgomery Flagg 1877 &ndash May 27, 1960) was an American Artist and Illustrator. B. Frost, Dave Gerard, Jay Irving, Crockett Johnson, E. Dave Gerard (June 18 1909 - August 31 2003 was a prolific magazine humor cartoonist from the 1940s through the 1960s most notably for Collier’s Weekly, Jay Irving (born Irving Joel Rafsky in New York is a cartoonist best known for his syndicated strip Pottsy about a New York police officer Crockett Johnson was the pen name of Cartoonist and Children's book illustrator David Johnson Leisk ( October 20, 1906 &ndash July W. Kemble, Hank Ketcham, Percy Leason, David Low, J. C. Leyendecker, Bill Mauldin, John Cullen Murphy, Kate Osann, Virgil Partch, Frederick Remington Mischa Richter, John Sloan, Frederic Dorr Steele, William Steig, Charles Henry "Bill" Sykes, Richard Taylor, Gluyas Williams, Gahan Wilson and Rowland B. Henry King "Hank" Ketcham ( March 14, 1920 &ndash June 1, 2001) was an American Cartoonist who created the Dennis David Low may refer to David Low (cartoonist David Low (professor (1786–1859 G Joseph Christian Leyendecker ( 23 March 1874 – 25 July 1951) was an American Illustrator. William Henry "Bill" Mauldin ( October 29, 1921 &ndash January 22, 2003) was a two-time Pulitzer Prize -winning John Cullen Murphy (b May 3 1919 in New York City - d July 2 2004 in Greenwich Connecticut) was a comics artist probably Virgil Franklin Partch ( October 17, 1916 - August 10, 1984) was one of the most prominent and prolific American Frederic Sackrider Remington ( October 4, 1861 - December 26, 1909) was an American painter, Illustrator, Mischa Richter was an American cartoonist His work included the Strictly Richter comic strip The New Yorker, and elsewhere Frederic Dorr Steele is an American Illustrator best known for his work on the Sherlock Holmes stories William Steig (November 14 1907 – October 3 2003 was a prolific American Cartoonist, sculptor and later in life an author of popular Children's literature Gluyas Williams ( July 23, 1888 &ndash February 13, 1982) was an American Cartoonist. Gahan Wilson (born February 18 1930 in Evanston Illinois) is an author Cartoonist, and illustrator in the United States. Wilson. In 1903, Charles Dana Gibson signed a $100,000 contract, agreeing to deliver 100 pictures (at $1000 each) during the next four years. Charles Dana Gibson ( September 14, 1867 &ndash December 23, 1944) was an American graphic artist noted for his creation of the " From 1904 to 1910, Maxfield Parrish was under exclusive contract to Collier's, which published his famed Arabian Nights paintings in 1906-07. Maxfield Parrish ( July 25, 1870 &ndash March 30, 1966) was an American painter and illustrator. After WWII, Harry Devlin became the top editorial cartoonist at Collier's, one of the few publications to display editorial cartoons in full color.
Later years
During World War II, Collier's readership reached 2. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including 5 million. In the October 14, 1944 issue, the magazine published one of the first articles about concentration camps, Jan Karski's "Polish Death Camp," a harrowing account of his visit to Belzec. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jan Karski ( 24 June, 1914 &ndash 13 July, 2000) was a Polish World War II resistance fighter and Belzec (Bełżec approximate Polish pronunciation bew-zhets) was the first of the Nazi German Extermination camps created for implementing Collier's carried that excerpt from Karski's Story of a Secret State a month-and-a-half prior to the book's publication by Houghton Mifflin. Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational Publisher in the United States. A Book of the Month Club selection, Karski's book became a bestseller, with 400,000 copies sold in 1944-45. The Book of the Month Club (founded 1926) is a United States Mail-order business customers of which are offered a new Book each month The Collier's selection was reprinted in Robert H. Abzug's America Views the Holocaust: 1933-1945 (Palgrave, 1999).
Collier's had a circulation of 2,846,052 when Walter Davenport took over as editor in 1946, but the magazine began to lose readers during the post-WWII years. In the early 1950s, Collier's ran a groundbreaking series of articles about space flight, Man Will Conquer Space Soon! which prompted the general public to seriously consider the possibility of a trip to the moon. The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive Man Will Conquer Space Soon! was the title of a famous series of 1950s magazine articles in Collier's detailing Wernher von Braun 's plans for manned spaceflight Collier's changed from a weekly to a biweekly in August 1953, but it continued to lose money. The magazine ceased publication on December 16, 1956, along with theWoman's Home Companion. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It continued, however, to publish Collier's Encyclopedia and Collier’s Junior Classics. [1]
Crowell Collier Broadcasting
In the 1950s the company also expanded into broadcasting, purchasing the Bay Area station KLX for $750,000 from its original owners, the Tribune Publishing Company of Oakland, which had founded the station three decades earlier. Eventually, Crowell-Collier owned three Top 40 stations: KFWB (Los Angeles), KDWB (Minneapolis) and KEWB (Oakland-San Francisco). Crowell-Collier sold KEWB to Metromedia Radio in April 1966 for nearly $2. 5 million, and the station then became KNEW.
Editors
- Peter Fenelon Collier, editor (1888-1903)
- Norman Hapgood, editor (1903-12)
- Albert Lee, managing editor (1905)
- Robert J. Collier, editor (1912-14)
- Mark Sullivan, editor (1914)
- Arthur H. Peter Fenelon Collier ( December 12, 1849 &ndash April 24, 1909) was the publisher of Collier's Weekly. Norman Hapgood (1868-1937 was an American Writer, Journalist, editor, and Critic, born in Chicago Illinois. Robert Joseph Collier ( June 17, 1876 &ndash November 9, 1918) was the publisher of Collier's Weekly magazine and president of the Gleason, associate editor (1908-13)
- Finlay Peter Dunne, editor
- William Ludlow Chenery, editor (1925-31)
- Henry La Cossitt, editor (1944-46)
- Walter Davenport, editor (1946)
References
- ^ a b c d Collier's Rise and Fall
- ^ Wyndham, John. The Day of the Triffids, Fawcett Crest #449-01322-075, sixth printing, April 1970.
- ^ Collier's Issues in Detail
External links
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