Citizendia

A college town or university town is a community (often literally a town, but possibly a small or medium sized city, or in some cases a neighborhood or a district of a city) which is dominated by its university population. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the educational institution(s) presence pervades economic and social life. Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Many local residents may be employed by the university, many businesses cater primarily to the university, and indeed the students population may outnumber the local population outright.

In Europe, a university town is generally characterized by having an old university often founded before, or in some cases shortly after, the industrial revolution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The economy of the city is closely related with the university activity and highly supported by the entire university structure which may include university hospitals and clinics, university printing houses, libraries, laboratories, business incubators, student rooms, dining halls, students' unions, student societies, and academic festivities. Moreover, the history of the city is often indissociable from the history of the university itself. Many European university towns have not been merely important places of scientific and educational endeavor, but also centers of political, cultural and social influence to its respective society throughout the centuries. Examples of these cities include, Durham, St Andrews, Leiden, Bologna, Salamanca, Coimbra, Leuven, Heidelberg, Göttingen, Pisa, Marburg, Ferrara, Uppsala, Siena, Pavia, Delft, Tübingen, or Poitiers. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Geography The city lies on a mountain by the Tormes River which is crossed by a bridge 150 m long built on 26 arches fifteen of which are of Roman origin, while Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. Marburg is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Delft is a city and Municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland the Netherlands. Tübingen, a traditional University town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km (19 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France.

Besides a highly educated and largely transient population, a stereotypical college town often features a high number of people living non-traditional lifestyles and subcultures ("college town hippies") and high tolerance for unconventionality in general, an unusually active musical or cultural scene, and unusually left-wing politics. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. While relatively absent of heavy industry, many have become centers of technological research and innovative startups.



Contents

North America

In North America, a college town or university town is a community (often literally a town, but possibly a small or medium sized city, or in some cases a neighborhood or a district of a city) which is dominated by its university population. A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status A neighbourhood or neighborhood (see spelling differences) is a geographically localised Community within a larger City, Town or Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The university may be large, or there may be several smaller institutions such as liberal arts colleges clustered, or the residential population may be small, but college towns in all cases are so dubbed because the educational institution(s) presence pervades economic and social life. Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges with an emphasis upon Undergraduate study in the Liberal arts. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Many local residents may be employed by the university, many businesses cater primarily to the university, and indeed the students population may outnumber the local population outright.

Europe

In Europe, a university town is generally characterized by having an old university often founded before, or in some cases shortly after, the industrial revolution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The economy of the city is closely related with the university activity and highly supported by the entire university structure which may include university hospitals and clinics, university printing houses, libraries, laboratories, business incubators, student rooms, dining halls, students' unions, student societies, and academic festivities. Moreover, the history of the city is often indissociable from the history of the university itself. Many European university towns have not been merely important places of scientific and educational endeavor, but also centers of political, cultural and social influence to its respective society throughout the centuries. Examples of these cities include, Durham, St Andrews, Leiden, Bologna, Salamanca, Coimbra, Leuven, Heidelberg, Göttingen, Pisa, Marburg, Ferrara, Uppsala, Siena, Pavia, Delft, Tübingen, or Poitiers. Durham (ˈdʌrəm in RP, locally ˈdʏrəm is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham, England St Andrews (Cill Rìmhinn is a Town and former Royal burgh on the east coast of Fife, Scotland. "Leyden" redirects here For other uses see Leyden (disambiguation. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Geography The city lies on a mountain by the Tormes River which is crossed by a bridge 150 m long built on 26 arches fifteen of which are of Roman origin, while Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Göttingen ( ˈgœtɪŋən, Low German: Chöttingen is a College town in Lower Saxony, Germany. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. Marburg is a city in Hesse, Germany, on the River Lahn. It is the main town of the Marburg-Biedenkopf district Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Siena. Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Delft is a city and Municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland the Netherlands. Tübingen, a traditional University town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 30 km (19 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between Poitiers is a town on the Clain River in west central France.

Besides a highly educated and largely transient population, a stereotypical college town often features a high number of people living non-traditional lifestyles and subcultures ("college town hippies") and high tolerance for unconventionality in general, an unusually active musical or cultural scene, and unusually left-wing politics. A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. While relatively absent of heavy industry, many have become centers of technological research and innovative startups.

Town-Gown relations

Main article: Town and gown

As in the case of a company town, the large and transient population attracted to the university may come into conflict with longstanding natives. Town and gown are two distinct communities of a university town; "town" being the non-academic population and "gown" metonymically being the A company town is a Town or City in which all Real estate, Buildings (both residential and commercial) Utilities Students may come from outside the area, and thus represent a different—sometimes radically different—culture. Furthermore, students are concentrated in a small, young (but still adult) age demographic, whose living habits may not be perfectly compatible with older members of society.

Economically, the high spending power of the university and of its students in aggregate may inflate the cost of living above that of the region. In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. Indeed, it is not uncommon to find that many university employees commute in from surrounding areas, finding the cost of living in town too expensive.

Studentification, in which a growing student population move in large numbers to traditionally non-student neighborhoods, may be perceived as a form of invasion or gentrification. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class The phenomenon has several causes, including university enrollment expanding far beyond the capacity of on-campus housing, inadequate zoning enforcement, and student culture. At the same time as neighborhood associations work to limit conversion of family homes to student rentals, some local residents may oppose the construction of large on-campus dormitories or expansion of fraternity and sorority houses, forcing a growing enrollment to seek housing in town. Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal Moreover, a single-family home can be converted into several smaller rental units, or shared by a number of students whose combined resources exceed those of a typical single-family rental—a strong incentive for absentee landlords to cater to students.

In the US, educational institutions are often exempted from paying local taxes, so in the absence of a system for Payments In Lieu Of Taxes (PILOT), the university population will disproportionately burden parts of the local public infrastructure, such as roads or law enforcement; however, others argue that students disproportionately underburden other parts of the local public infrastructure, such as local primary and secondary schools, by far the most costly line item in most North American city and town budgets, and provide tax revenues, through local sales tax and property tax paid by landlords. When a university expands its facilities, the potential loss of property tax revenue is thus a concern, in addition to local desire to preserve open space or historic neighborhoods.

As a result, members of the local population may resent the university, and especially its students. The students, in turn, may view the local residents as hypocrites who willingly take the jobs at the university provided by student tuition and fees, and who willingly accept the tax revenues (e. g. , local sales tax, property tax on rented properties) that students generate, but take great issue with students' lifestyles. Some students refer to regular inhabitants as townies, a term with somewhat derogatory connotations.

This "town and gown" dichotomy notwithstanding, students and the outside community typically find a peaceful (even friendly) coexistence, with the town receiving a significant economic and cultural benefits from the university, and the students often adapting themselves to the culture of the town.

Settlement in college towns

While noise, traffic, and other quality of life issues have not been resolved, some advocates of New Urbanism have led the development of neighborhoods in college towns specifically capitalizing on their proximity to university life. New Urbanism is an American Urban design movement that arose in the early 1980s For instance, some universities have developed properties to allow faculty and staff members to walk to work, reducing demand for limited on-campus parking; Duke University's Trinity Heights development is a key example. Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. In many cases, developers have built communities where access to the university (even if not directly adjacent) is promoted as an advantage.

Student housing is also important component of college towns. In the United States most state universities have 50 percent or more of their enrolled students living off-campus. This trend, which began in the 1960s, originally meant the conversion of near campus single-family homes to student housing, creating "student ghettos. A student ghetto is a residential neighbourhood usually in proximity to a College or University, that houses mostly students "

Purpose-built off-campus student housing areas began being created in the 1970s in more college towns. The Cotton District in Starkville, Mississippi is an especially well-designed example of such a development. The Cotton District is a community located in Starkville Mississippi built in the style of New urbanism. Starkville is a city in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, United States. Beginning around 2000 in the United States, nationwide real estate investment trusts and publicly traded corporations began developing student housing complexes.

Another notable development is the surge in popularity of retiring to college towns, since the 1990s. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Reasons for retirees moving to college towns include presence of cultural and educational opportunities, college athletic events, good medical facilities (often at teaching hospitals affiliated with medical schools), a low cost of living, nostalgia, and often pedestrian- or public transit-friendly development pattern. College athletics refers primarily to Sports and athletic competition organized and funded by institutions of tertiary education ( Colleges or universities A teaching hospital is a Hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides Clinical education and training to future and current doctors Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. The term nostalgia describes a longing for the past often in idealized form A pedestrian is a person travelling on foot whether Walking or Running. Several development companies now specialize in constructing retirement communities in college towns, and in some cases the communities have developed formal relationships with the local institution. A retirement community, or active adult community, is a very broad generic term that covers many varieties of housing for retirees and seniors - especially designed or geared

The demand for housing from students, faculty, staff, and retirees have kept college town home prices stable during the housing market downturn that began in 2005. A United States housing market correction is a market correction or "bubble bursting" of a United States housing bubble; the most recent one started in 2005 [1]

List of college towns

The college town is largely an American phenomenon, according to Blake Gumprecht, an assistant professor of geography at the University of New Hampshire who has researched the subject considerably[1]; in continental Europe and Asia, most institutions of higher education are found in major cities -- with considerable exceptions such as Cambridge, Oxford or Heidelberg. University of New Hampshire ( UNH) is a public university in the University System of New Hampshire (USNH United States. As new institutions are founded to serve growing student populations, however, the phenomenon of the college town is recognizable worldwide.

Australia

New Zealand

Philippines

South Africa

Europe

Belgium

Estonia

Germany

Italy

Ireland

Netherlands

Portugal

Spain

Switzerland

United Kingdom

North America

Canada

United States

(Listed alphabetically by state)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Gopal, Prashant. Hattiesburg, known as "The Hub City" is a city in Forrest and Lamar Counties in the U The University of Southern Mississippi ( USM, but frequently referred to as Southern Miss) is a four-year public University located primarily Oxford is a city and the County seat of Lafayette County, Mississippi, United States. The University of Mississippi, also known as Ole Miss, is a public, coeducational Research University located in Oxford Starkville is a city in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi, United States. Mississippi State University is a Land-grant university located in north east-central Mississippi, United States, in the town of Starkville and Columbia (kəˈlʌmbiə is the fifth-largest city in the US state of Missouri and the largest city in Mid-Missouri. The University of Missouri (also known as the University of Missouri–Columbia, Mizzou, or MU) is a public land-grant and research Stephens College is a liberal arts women's college located in Columbia, Missouri, a city of about 100000 residents Columbia College (also called Columbia College of Missouri) is a private co-educational Liberal arts University based in Columbia Missouri Kirksville is the county seat of Adair County, Missouri, United States. Truman State University is a public liberal arts and sciences University in Missouri and a member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts AT Still University, based in Kirksville Missouri, is a combination of five schools which educate health care professionals based on the principles of osteopathic medicine Springfield is a city in Christian and Greene Counties in the U Missouri State University is a State university located in Springfield, Missouri. Drury University is a private Liberal arts college in Springfield Missouri. Evangel University is a private Liberal arts University located in Springfield Missouri and has since its foundation been affiliated with the Southwest Baptist University (SBU is a private institute of higher education affiliated with the Missouri Baptist Convention which is part of the Southern Baptist Convention Webster Groves is a city in St Louis County, Missouri, United States. Webster University is an American Private university in Webster Groves, a suburb of St Bozeman is a city in and the County seat of Gallatin County, Montana, United States, in the southwestern part of the state Montana State University - Bozeman (MSU is a Public university located in Bozeman Montana, U The University of Montana is a State university located in Missoula Montana, U The City of Lincoln ( Umóⁿhoⁿ: Nískithe Tʰóⁿwoⁿgthoⁿ ˈnĩskiˡðe ˌtʰãwãŋgˡðã meaning "Salt Village" for Salt Creek which was the Durham is a town in Strafford County, New Hampshire, United States. University of New Hampshire ( UNH) is a public university in the University System of New Hampshire (USNH United States. Hanover is a town along the Connecticut River in Grafton County, New Hampshire, United States. Dartmouth College ( is a private, Coeducational University located in Hanover, New Hampshire, U Glassboro is a Borough in Gloucester County, New Jersey, United States. Rowan University is a public university located in Glassboro New Jersey comprising 49 buildings Madison is a borough in Morris County, New Jersey, in the United States. Drew University is a private university located in Madison, New Jersey. Montclair (mɒnʔ kɫeɚ or maŋ kleɚ is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Montclair State University is a public university located in Upper Montclair, Little Falls, and Clifton, New Jersey. New Brunswick, also known as "the Healthcare City" or "Hub City" is a city and the County seat of Middlesex County Rutgers The State University of New Jersey (also known as Rutgers University) is the largest institution for higher education in the state of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School (often abbreviated RWJMS) is one of eight schools that comprise the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ See also Princeton Township New Jersey, Borough of Princeton New Jersey Princeton Borough New Jersey Princeton Township New Jersey this Princeton University is a private Coeducational research university located in Princeton, New Jersey. Westminster Choir College is a residential College of music located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. South Orange Village is a township in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. Wayne is a Township in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States, located less than 15 miles from midtown Manhattan. William Paterson University is a public university located in Wayne New Jersey, an affluent suburb of New York City. West Long Branch is a Borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. Monmouth University is a private university located in West Long Branch New Jersey. Portales is a city in and the County seat of Roosevelt County, New Mexico, United States. Eastern New Mexico University (abbreviated ENMU) frequently called Eastern, is a state university in Portales, Roosevelt County "Socorro" redirects here For other uses see Socorro (disambiguation. New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (also called New Mexico Tech, Tech, The Tech, and originally known as the New Mexico School of Mines Alfred is a Town in Allegany County, New York, United States. Alfred University is a small comprehensive university in the Village of Alfred in Western New York, United States, an hour south of Alfred State College is a State University of New York College of Technology located in Alfred, New York in Allegany County. Allegany New York is the name of two locations in Cattaraugus County, New York: Allegany (village New York Allegany St Bonaventure University is a private Catholic university located near Olean New York. Binghamton, known as The Parlor City is a City located in the Southern Tier of New York in the United States. The State University of New York at Binghamton (SUNY Binghamton or Binghamton University is one of the four university centers in New York State’s system of Brockport is a Village located in the Town of Sweden in Monroe County, New York, USA. The College at Brockport State University of New York, also known as SUNY Brockport College at Brockport or the State University of New York at Brockport Geneseo ( is the name of a Town and a Village in Livingston County in western New York, USA. The State University of New York at Geneseo —also known as SUNY Geneseo or colloquially Geneseo State University —is located in Geneseo, Livingston Canton New York is a town and a village in the US state of New York St Lawrence University is a private four-year liberal arts college located in the village of Canton in Saint Lawrence County New York. The State University of New York at Canton (SUNY Canton located in the Town of Canton in St Cazenovia New York may refer to either Cazenovia (town New York, in Madison County Cazenovia (village New York, which lies within Cazenovia College, named one of “America’s Best Colleges” by US News & World Report is a small independent co-educational baccalaureate college located near Syracuse N Clinton is a Village in Oneida County, New York, United States. Hamilton College is a private independent liberal arts college located in Clinton, New York. Hamilton is a Town in Madison County, New York, United States. Colgate University is a private liberal arts college located in the Village of Hamilton in Madison County New York, USA The City of Ithaca (named for the Greek island of Ithaca) sits on the southern shore of Cayuga Lake, in Central New York Ithaca College is a private institution of higher education located on the South Hill of Ithaca New York. New Paltz is both a village and town in the US state of New York. The State University of New York at New Paltz, known as SUNY New Paltz for short is a public University in New Paltz New York. Oneonta is a City located within Otsego Hartwick College is a non-denominational private, four-year Liberal arts and sciences College located in Oneonta, New York, in the The State University of New York at Oneonta (also know as O-State Oneonta State and SUCO is a four-year liberal arts college in Oneonta New York, United States Plattsburgh is a City in Clinton County, New York, United States. The State University of New York at Plattsburgh (also known as SUNY Plattsburgh or Plattsburgh State) is a four-year public Liberal arts college in Clinton Community College is located a few miles south of the city of Plattsburgh in Clinton County New York. Potsdam is a Village located in the Town of Potsdam in St Lawrence County, New York, USA. The State University of New York at Potsdam, also known as SUNY Potsdam, is a public university located in the Village of Potsdam in St Clarkson University is a private university located in Rural Potsdam, New York. Park Point at RIT (originally referred to as "Collegetown" is a commercial enterprise on the northeast corner of Rochester Institute of Technology 's campus in Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, or RPI, is a Nonsectarian private Research University located in Troy, New York Russell Sage College (often Russell Sage or RSC) is a women's college located in Troy, New York, approximately north of New Hudson Valley Community College, a SUNY associated two-year college is located in Troy in Rensselaer County New York. Boone is a town located in the Blue Ridge Mountains of western North Carolina, USA. Appalachian State University is a comprehensive ( Master's L) public, Coeducational University located in Boone, North Carolina Cullowhee is a Census-designated place (CDP in Jackson County, North Carolina, United States. Western Carolina University (WCU is a Coeducational Public university located in Cullowhee North Carolina. Chapel Hill is a town in Durham and Orange counties in North Carolina and the home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research For Davidson County North Carolina click here Davidson is a town in Iredell and Mecklenburg counties in the U Davidson College is a private liberal arts college for 1700 students in Davidson, North Carolina, in the United States. Durham is a city in the US state of North Carolina. It is the County seat of Durham County Duke University is a private Research University located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. North Carolina Central University is a comprehensive university offering programs at the baccalaureate master’s professional and selected doctoral levels Elon (formerly known as Elon College) is a Town in Alamance County, North Carolina, United States. Elon University is a private liberal arts university located in Elon North Carolina. Greenville is the county seat of Pitt County and principal city of the Greenville North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Area. East Carolina University is a public, Coeducational, Doctoral / Research University located in Greenville, North Pembroke is a town in Robeson County, North Carolina, United States. The University of North Carolina at Pembroke (also known as UNC Pembroke or UNCP) is a public co-educational historically American Indian University Wilmington is a city in and the County seat of New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The University of North Carolina Wilmington is a public University located in Wilmington North Carolina. Fargo is a city in Cass County, North Dakota in the United States. Moorhead is a city in Clay County, Minnesota, United States, and the largest city in northwest Minnesota North Dakota State University of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, more commonly known as North Dakota State University ( NDSU) is a Public university in Minnesota State University Moorhead (MSUM is a four-year Public university located in Moorhead Minnesota. Concordia College in Moorhead Minnesota is a private four year liberal arts college of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA Grand Forks is the third-largest city in the US state of North Dakota and the County seat of Grand Forks County. The University of North Dakota ( UND) is a Public university in Grand Forks North Dakota, USA. Athens is a historic College town in the southeastern part of the U Ohio University is a public university located in Athens Ohio that is situated on a 1800 acre (7 Bowling Green is the County seat of Wood County in the US state of Ohio. Bowling Green State University (BGSU is a public four-year institution located in Bowling Green Ohio, USA, about 20 miles south of Toledo Ohio on Defiance is a city in the northwestern part of the US state of Ohio, in Defiance County, about 55 miles southwest of Toledo. Defiance College is an independent co-educational four-year Liberal arts college located on a campus in a residential area of Defiance Ohio. Gambier is a village in Knox County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1871 at the 2000 census. Kenyon College is a private liberal arts college in Gambier Ohio, founded in 1824 by Bishop Philander Chase of the The Episcopal Church Kent is a city in Portage County, Ohio, United States. It is located along the Cuyahoga River in the northeastern part of Ohio and the Kent State University (also known as Kent, Kent State, or KSU) is one of America’s largest university systems the third largest university Oberlin is a city in Lorain County, Ohio, United States, to the south and west of Cleveland. Oberlin College is a private Liberal arts college in Oberlin Ohio. Oxford is a city in northwestern Butler County, Ohio, United States, in the southwestern portion of the state Miami University (colloquially and incorrectly referred to as Miami of Ohio for clarification purposes is a Coeducational Public university founded in 1809 Yellow Springs is a village in Greene County, Ohio, United States, and is the home of Antioch College. Antioch College was a private independent Liberal arts college in Yellow Springs, Ohio, United States, and was the founder and flagship Goodwell is a town in Texas County, Oklahoma, United States. The population was 1192 at the 2000 census. Oklahoma Panhandle State University (OPSU is a University in Goodwell Oklahoma. Norman is the largest city in and the County seat of Cleveland County in the U University of Oklahoma, abbreviated OU, is a Coeducational public Research university located in the U Stillwater is a city in Payne County, Oklahoma, United States. Ashland is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, near Interstate 5 and the California Southern Oregon University (SOU is a public Liberal arts college located in Ashland, Oregon, United States. Corvallis (kɔrˈvælɪs is a City located in central western Oregon, United States. Oregon State University ( OSU) is a Coeducational public Research[[ university]] located in Corvallis, Oregon, United The city of Eugene ( "yoo-JEEN") is the County seat of Lane County, Oregon, The University of Oregon (UO is a public, Coeducational Research university in Eugene Oregon, United States. Monmouth (ˈmɒnməθ is a city in Polk County, Oregon, United States. Western Oregon University (WOU is a public Liberal arts college located in Monmouth Oregon, United States. Carlisle is a borough in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km west by southwest of Harrisburg, the State capital Dickinson College is a private residential liberal arts college in Carlisle Pennsylvania. The Dickinson School of Law (also known as Penn State Dickinson or Penn State Law) is the law school of The The United States Army War College is a United States Army school located in Carlisle Pennsylvania, on the 500 acre (2 km² campus of the historic Carlisle Collegeville is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 30 miles (48 km northwest of Philadelphia on the Perkiomen Creek. Ursinus College is a liberal arts college in Collegeville, Montgomery County Pennsylvania. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the Gettysburg College is a private national four-year liberal arts college founded in 1832 in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, adjacent to the famous battlefield Haverford is an unincorporated community located partially in Haverford Township in Delaware County, Pennsylvania USA but primarily in Lower Merion Township Haverford College is a highly selective private, Coeducational liberal arts college located in Haverford, Pennsylvania, a suburb Huntingdon is a borough in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It is the County seat of Huntingdon County. Juniata College is a private liberal arts college located in Huntingdon, Pennsylvania. Indiana is a Borough in Indiana County, Pennsylvania, United States, part of the Pittsburgh DMA. Indiana University of Pennsylvania (or IUP) is a public university located in the Borough of Indiana, Pennsylvania, USA, northeast Lewisburg is a Borough in Union County, Pennsylvania, United States, 30 miles (48 km south by east of Williamsport and 60 miles (97 Bucknell University is a Private university located along the West Branch Susquehanna River in the rolling countryside of Central Pennsylvania in the Lock Haven is a city in and the County seat of Clinton County, Pennsylvania, United States. Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, commonly abbreviated LHU, is a state university in Lock Haven, in central Pennsylvania located along Lower Merion Township is a township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and part of the Pennsylvania Main Line. Bryn Mawr College ( brin-mar is a highly selective women's liberal arts college located in Bryn Mawr, a community in Lower Merion Harcum College is a Junior college located in the Main Line Philadelphia -suburb of Bryn Mawr. Rosemont College is a women's college located in Rosemont in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania. Mansfield is a borough located in southern Tioga County, Pennsylvania, in the Tioga River valley Mansfield University of Pennsylvania is one of the fourteen state universities that are part of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education. Millersville is a borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. Millersville University of Pennsylvania is a Public university in Millersville Pennsylvania, USA 3 miles (5 km southwest of Lancaster. The University of Pittsburgh, commonly referred to as Pitt, is a non-sectarian coeducational independent state-related, "public" research University Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit is a private Catholic university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Radnor Township is a Municipality in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Villanova University' is a private university located in Radnor Township, a suburb northwest of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the United States Settled in 1730 Shippensburg is a borough in Pennsylvania, 41 miles (66 km west-southwest of Harrisburg. Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania, commonly known as Ship, or SU, is a public University located in Shippensburg Pennsylvania, 40 miles State College is the largest borough in Centre County in the U The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related, land-grant, space grant public research University Swarthmore is a borough in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. Swarthmore College is a private, independent, liberal arts college in the United States with an enrollment of about 1500 students University City is the name given to an area of campuses and neighborhoods in West Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn) is a private University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Drexel University is a private Coeducational University located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. The University of the Sciences in Philadelphia (USP located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, offers bachelor's master's and doctoral degrees in Pharmacy Kingston is an unincorporated village and National historic district in the town of South Kingstown Rhode Island in the United States. The University of Rhode Island, commonly abbreviated as URI, is the principal public research university in the State of Rhode Island, with its main campus in Clemson is a city in Anderson and Pickens counties in the US state of South Carolina. Brookings is a city in Brookings County, South Dakota, United States. South Dakota State University is the largest University in the U Vermillion is a city in and the County seat of Clay County, in the southeastern corner of the U The University of South Dakota, the state’s oldest university was founded in 1862 and classes began in 1882 Cookeville is a city in Putnam County, Tennessee, United States. Tennessee Technological University, popularly known as Tennessee Tech, is an accredited Public university located in Cookeville Tennessee, US Murfreesboro is a city in and the County seat of Rutherford County, Tennessee, United States. Middle Tennessee State University (founded September 11, 1911, and commonly abbreviated as MTSU) is an American University located Canyon is a city in Randall County Texas, United States. The population was 12875 at the 2000 census West Texas A&M University (also known as WTAMU, or WT, West Texas State) part of the Texas A&M University System, is a Public university College Station is a city in Brazos County, Texas, situated in Central Texas. Texas A&M University, often called A&M or TAMU, is a Coeducational public Research University located in College Station Commerce is a city in Hunt County, Texas, United States. The population was 7669 at the 2000 census. Texas A&M University–Commerce is a member of the Texas A&M University System located in Commerce Texas. Denton is the County seat of Denton County, Texas in the United States. Texas Woman's University (historically the College of Industrial Arts and Texas State College for Women) is a University in Denton Texas with Huntsville is a city in and the County seat of Walker County, Texas, United States. Sam Houston State University, (known as SHSU and Sam, for short founded in 1879 is a Public university located in Huntsville, Texas Nacogdoches (ˌnækəˈdoʊtʃɪs is a city in Nacogdoches County, Texas, in the United States. Stephen F Austin State University (commonly SFA) is a Public university located in Nacogdoches, Texas, United States. Texas Tech University is a public, coeducational research university in Lubbock Texas. San Marcos is a city in the US state of Texas, and is the county seat of Hays County. Texas State University–San Marcos, often referred to as Texas State University, Texas State, or TxState (it actively discourages the use of "TSU" Provo is a city in and the County seat Logan is a city in Cache County, Utah, in the United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 42670 a substantial increase Utah State University ( USU) is a public Land-grant university whose main campus is located in Logan Utah. Burlington is the largest city in the US state of Vermont and is the shire town ( County seat) of The University of Vermont is a national public research university and the state of Vermont's land-grant university Champlain College is a private coeducational college located in Burlington, Vermont. Middlebury is a town in and the shire town ( County seat) of Addison County, Vermont, United States. Middlebury College is a private liberal arts college located in Middlebury, Vermont, United States. WELCOME TO WIKIPEDIA **** Please read before you edit or add info about the shootings Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, better known as Virginia Tech, is a public land grant polytechnic University in Charlottesville is an Independent city located within the confines of Albemarle County in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research This article refers to the independent city of Fairfax Va For the surrounding unincorporated area of Fairfax County with a Fairfax postal address please see Fairfax County Virginia George Mason University (also referred to as GMU or Mason) is a large Public university in the United States. Farmville is a town in Cumberland and Prince Edward counties in the U Hampden-Sydney College is a liberal arts college for men located in Hampden-Sydney Virginia. Longwood University is a four-year public liberal-arts University located in Farmville Virginia. Harrisonburg is an Independent city in Rockingham County Virginia. Eastern Mennonite University is a private Christian Liberal arts college in Harrisonburg, Virginia affiliated with Mennonite Church USA Lexington is an Independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Virginia Military Institute ( VMI) located in Lexington Virginia, is the oldest state-supported military college and one of six senior Washington and Lee University is a private liberal arts college in Lexington Virginia, USA Radford is an Independent city in Virginia, United States. The population was 15859 at the 2000 census. Radford University (RU is a medium-size public state-funded University in the City of Radford, in Southwestern Virginia, founded in 1910 Bellingham, Washington is the County seat of Whatcom County in the U Western Washington University ( WWU or Western) is one of six state-funded, four-year universities of Higher education in the Cheney (pronounced chee-nee) is a city in Spokane County, Washington, United States. Eastern Washington University is a public comprehensive state University. Ellensburg is a city in and the County seat of Kittitas County, Washington, United States. Central Washington University, often abbreviated CWU, is an accredited four-year educational institution located in Ellensburg Washington in the United Pullman is a city in Whitman County, Washington, United States. Washington State University ( WSU) is an American public Research university in Pullman, Washington. Huntington is a city located in the State of West Virginia along the Ohio River. Marshall University is a Coeducational public Research university in Huntington West Virginia, founded in 1837 as a private subscription Morgantown is a city in and the County seat of Monongalia County, West Virginia, United States, on the banks of the Monongahela River West Virginia University is a Coeducational public Research university in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. La Crosse is a city in and the County seat of La Crosse County, Wisconsin, United States. The University of Wisconsin–La Crosse (also known as UW–La Crosse, Wisconsin-La Crosse, or UW-L) is a Public university located in La Viterbo University is a Roman Catholic liberal arts university located in La Crosse Wisconsin in the Diocese of La Crosse. Western Technical College is part of the Wisconsin Technical College System. Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. Two other spellings of the name appear elsewhere see Menomonee and Menominee. University of Wisconsin-Stout ( UW-Stout) is a member campus of the University of Wisconsin System. Stevens Point is a city in and the County seat of Portage County, Wisconsin, United States. The University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point (also known as UW-Stevens Point or UWSP) is a public university located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin Whitewater is a city in Jefferson and Walworth Counties in the U The University of Wisconsin&ndashWhitewater (also known as UW-Whitewater and abbreviated as UWW) is part of the University of Wisconsin System, located Laramie is a city in and the County seat of Albany County in the U The University of Wyoming is a Land-grant university located in Laramie, Wyoming, situated on Wyoming's high Laramie Plains, at an elevation A student ghetto is a residential neighbourhood usually in proximity to a College or University, that houses mostly students Town and gown are two distinct communities of a university town; "town" being the non-academic population and "gown" metonymically being the A company town is a Town or City in which all Real estate, Buildings (both residential and commercial) Utilities "College Towns: Still a Smart Investment", BusinessWeek, March 13, 2008. Retrieved on 2008-03-15. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus,  

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