The College of Cardinals (verbose: Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S. R. E. ) is the body of all Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. The College plays two roles in the church:

• participating in papal elections when the Holy See is vacant,^[1] and
• advising the Pope about Church matters when he summons them to an ordinary consistory. A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals to elect the Pope (or Bishop of Rome) who is considered by Catholics to be the Successor The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Antiquity Originally the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together' just as the Greek syn(hedrion (of which the Biblical Sanhedrin ^[2]

Historically, they were also the clergy of the city of Rome serving the Pope as the Bishop of Rome and were assigned duties in parishes of the city. Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and The Bishop of Rome is the bishop of the Holy See, more often referred to in the Catholic tradition as the Pope. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches The College has no ruling power except during the sede vacante period, where its powers are still extremely limited according to the Apostolic constitution Universi Dominici Gregis. Sede vacante is the vacancy of the Episcopal see of a Particular church in the Canon law of the Roman Catholic Church. Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, The history of the College of Cardinals as a college dates to the beginning of the 12th century when the cardinal bishops, cardinal priests, and cardinal deacons ceased acting as separate groups. ^[3]

The council has its origins in the events surrounding the crowning of Henry IV as King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor at the age of six, after the unexpected death of Henry III in 1056. Henry IV ( November 11, 1050 &ndash August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Henry III ( 29 October 1017 &ndash 5 October 1056) called the Black or the Pious, was a member of the Salian Dynasty Up until this point secular authorities had significant influence over who was to be appointed Pope, and the Holy Roman Emperor in particular had the special ability to appoint him. This was significant as the aims and views of the Holy Roman Emperor and the Roman Catholic Church did not always coincide. Members of what was to become known as the Gregorian Reform took advantage of the new King and his lack of power, and in 1059 declared that the election of the Pope was an affair only for the Church. The Gregorian Reform was a series of reforms initiated by Pope Gregory VII and the circle he formed in the papal curia, circa 1050&ndash1080 which dealt with the This was part of a larger power struggle, named the Investiture Controversy, as the Church attempted to gain more control over their clergy, and in doing so gain more influence in the lands and governments they were appointed to. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was an 11th century dispute between Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor and Pope Gregory VII over Theological implications aside, its creation represented a significant shift in the balance of power in the Early Medieval world.

The Dean of the College of Cardinals and the Sub-Dean are the president and vice-president of the college. The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the President of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. __FORCETOC__ For the Vice President of the United States, their roles and other information see Vice President of the United States. Both are elected by and from the cardinals holding suburbicarian dioceses, but the election requires Papal confirmation. The seven suburbicarian dioceses are Roman Catholic Dioceses located in the Suburbs that surround Rome, reserved for the highest order of Except for presiding, the Dean has no power of governance over the cardinals, instead acting as primus inter pares. Primus inter pares ( Latin) or First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people

The Secretary of State, the prefects of the Congregations of the Roman Curia, the Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, the Vicar General of Rome, and the Patriarchs of Venice and Lisbon, are usually Cardinals, with few, generally temporary, exceptions. The Cardinal Secretary of State &mdashofficially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope &mdashpresides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which A congregation is a type of Dicastery (department with a jurisdiction of the Roman Curia, the central administrative organism of the Catholic Church. The Roman Curia is the administrative apparatus of the Holy See and the central governing body of the entire Roman Catholic Church, together with the Pope Cardinal Vicar ( Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the Vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the Diocese within The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. The Patriarch of Lisbon (Latin Patriarch Ulixbonensis sive Lisbonensis) is an honorary title possessed by the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lisbon. The Fundamental Law of Vatican City State requires that appointments to the state's legislative body, the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, be cardinals. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State (Italian Pontificia Commissione per lo Stato della Città del Vaticano) is the Legislative body of ^[4]

Contents 1 Choosing the Pope 2 Members of the College of Cardinals 2.1 Cardinals of the Order of Bishops 2.2 Cardinals of the Order of Priests 2.2.1 Appointed by Pope Paul VI 2.2.2 Appointed by Pope John Paul II 2.2.3 Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI 2.3 Cardinals of the Order of Deacons 2.3.1 Appointed by Pope John Paul II 2.3.2 Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI 3 Notes 4 See also 5 External links

Choosing the Pope

Italian cardinals as percentage

of total College of Cardinals (1903-2005)

2005	17. 09
Oct. 1978	22. 50
Aug. 1978	22. 80
1963	35. 36
1958	35. 80
1939	54. 80
1922	51. 60
1914	50. 76
1903	56. 25

Since 1 January 1971, cardinals over the age of 80 have not had a vote in papal elections, under the terms of Pope Paul VI's motu proprio Ingravescentem Aetatem. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Pope A motu proprio ( Latin "on his own impulse" is a document issued by the Pope on his own initiative and personally signed by him The College of Cardinals (verbose Sacred College of the Holy Roman Church, Sancta Romana Ecclesia, S

The rules for the election of the Roman Pontiff are stated in Universi Dominici Gregis, published by Pope John Paul II on 22 February 1996. Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Roman Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, Pope Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) It states that cardinals over the age of 80 on the day the see becomes vacant do not have a vote in the Papal election.

Although the rules of the Conclave explicitly say the Pope need not be chosen from among the ranks of the Cardinals (in theory any unmarried Catholic male may be elected Pope), this has been the consistent practice since the election of Pope Urban VI in 1378. Pope Urban VI (c 1318 &ndash October 15, 1389) born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389

Members of the College of Cardinals

The following is the list of all 194 Cardinals as of June 12, 2008. Cardinals are shown in order of precedence, based on seniority by date of appointment. Stephen Cardinal Kim Sou-hwan is considered the most senior member of the College by length of service, as he was listed first of those surviving from the 1969 consistory. Stephen Kim Sou-hwan (born May 8 1922) is a senior Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the former Archbishop of Seoul, However, Angelo Cardinal Sodano, as dean of the College of Cardinals, has the highest precedence as a Cardinal Bishop. Angelo Sodano (born 23 November 1927 is the Dean of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church.

Cardinals aged over 80 are indicated with an asterisk (*). Giacomo Biffi, Archbishop Emeritus of Bologna, will be the next to lose his right to participate in the conclave on 13 June 2008. Giacomo Biffi (born in Milan on June 13, 1928) Appointed an Auxiliary bishop there in 1975 in 1984 the sudden death of Enrico Manfredini The oldest living cardinal is currently Paul Augustin Mayer. Paul Augustin Mayer OSB (born 23 May 1911) is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and is currently President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission

All but thirteen of the Cardinals alive at the death of Pope John Paul II were appointed by him. Pope Three of those thirteen were under 80 years old as of the day of John Paul II's death. One of those three (Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger) has since been elected Pope as Benedict XVI, another one (Jaime Cardinal Sin) did not attend the resulting conclave for health reasons and died shortly afterwards, and the third, William Wakefield Baum, turned 80 on 21 November 2006. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Jaime Cardinal Sin, also Jaime Lachica Cardinal Sin ( August 31, 1928 &ndash June 21, 2005) ( Chinese name 辛海梅 William Wakefield Baum (born November 21, 1926 in Dallas Texas) is an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. There are now a total of 194 cardinals of whom 118 are aged under 80.

There are three ranks of Cardinals: Cardinal Bishops, Cardinal Priests, and Cardinal Deacons. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. Almost all Cardinals are also bishops. In the Catholic Church, a Bishop is an ordained minister who holds the fullness of the priesthood.

Cardinals of the Order of Bishops

Titular Bishops of seven suburbicarian sees

• Angelo Sodano* Dean of the College of Cardinals (Italy) - born 23 November 1927 retired Cardinal Secretary of State Cardinal 28 June 1991, Cardinal Bishop of Albano since January 1994, Dean of the College (and therefore Cardinal Bishop of Ostia) since April 2005
• Roger Etchegaray* (France) - born 25 September 1922 Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals, former President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace Cardinal 30 June 1979, Cardinal Bishop of Porto-Santa Rufina since June 1998
• Giovanni Battista Re (Italy) - born 30 January 1934 Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops Cardinal 21 February 2001, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto since October 2002
• Francis Arinze (Nigeria) - born 1 November 1932 Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments Cardinal 25 May 1985, Cardinal Bishop of Velletri-Segni since April 2005
• Tarcisio Bertone (Italy) - born 2 December 1934 Cardinal Secretary of State, Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church, Cardinal 21 October 2003, Cardinal Bishop of Frascati since May 2008

Patriarchs of Oriental Rites

• Nasrallah Pierre Sfeir* (Lebanon) - born 15 May 1920 Maronite Patriarch of Antioch (lives in Beirut) Cardinal 28 February 1994
• Stéphanos II Ghattas* (Egypt) - born 16 January 1920 Retired Coptic Catholic Patriarch of Alexandria Cardinal 21 February 2001
• Ignace Moussa I Daoud (Syria) - born 18 September 1930 Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Syrian Rite Patriarch of Antioch Cardinal 21 February 2001
• Emmanuel III Delly* (Iraq) - born 6 October 1927 Patriarch of Babylon for the Chaldeans Cardinal 24 November 2007

Cardinals of the Order of Priests

Appointed by Pope Paul VI

Consistory of 28 April 1969

• Stephen Kim Sou-hwan* (Korea) - born 8 May 1922 Retired Archbishop of Seoul and Cardinal Protoprete since April 2004
• Eugênio de Araújo Sales* (Brazil) - born 8 November 1920 Retired Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro and previously of São Salvador de Bahia

Consistory of 5 March 1973

• Luis Aponte Martínez* (Puerto Rico) - born 4 August 1922 Retired Archbishop of San Juan, Puerto Rico
• Paulo Evaristo Arns* (Brazil) - born 14 September 1921 Retired Archbishop of São Paulo

Consistory of 24 May 1976

• William Wakefield Baum* (USA) - born 21 November 1926 Retired Major Penitentiary, previously Archbishop of Washington, D.C. and then Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education

Appointed by Pope John Paul II

Consistory of 30 June 1979

• Marco Cé* (Italy) - born 8 July 1925 Retired Patriarch of Venice
• Franciszek Macharski* (Poland) - born 20 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Krakow

Consistory of 2 February 1983

• Michael Michai Kitbunchu (Thailand) - born 26 January 1929 Archbishop of Bangkok
• Alexandre do Nascimento* (Angola) - born 1 March 1925 Retired Archbishop of Luanda, and previously of Lubango
• Godfried Danneels (Belgium) - born 5 June 1933 Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels
• Thomas Stafford Williams (New Zealand) - born 20 March 1930 Retired Archbishop of Wellington, New Zealand
• Carlo Maria Martini* (Italy) - born 15 February 1927 Retired Archbishop of Milan
• Józef Glemp (Poland) - born 18 December 1929 Retired Archbishop of Warsaw
• Joachim Meisner (Germany) - born 25 December 1933 Archbishop of Cologne and previously Bishop of Berlin

Consistory of 25 May 1985

• Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy* (India) - born 5 February 1924 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches and former Archbishop of Bangalore
• Antonio Innocenti* (Italy) - born 23 August 1915 Retired as President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei, previously Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Miguel Obando y Bravo* (Nicaragua) - born 2 February 1926 Retired Archbishop of Managua
• Paul Mayer* (Germany) - born 23 May 1911 Retired as President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei (preceded Cardinal Innocenti) and previously Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments
• Ricardo J. Vidal (Philippines) - born 6 February 1931 Archbishop of Cebu
• Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz* (Poland) - long reported as born 17 October 1928 but announced 2 February 2005 that he had concealed his real age in the wartime conditions of 1944 and was really born in 1923 [1] Retired Archbishop of Wrocław
• Jozef Tomko* (Slovakia) - born 11 March 1924 President of the Pontifical Committee for International Eucharistic Congresses and former Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
• Andrzej Maria Deskur* (Poland) - born 29 February 1924 President of the Pontifical Academy of the Immaculate Conception, formerly President of the Pontifical Council for Social Communications
• Paul Poupard (France) - born 30 August 1930 President of the Pontifical Council for Culture
• Friedrich Wetter* (Germany) - born 20 February 1928 Archbishop of Munich and Freising
• Silvano Piovanelli* (Italy) - born 21 February 1924 Retired Archbishop of Florence
• Adrianus Johannes Simonis (Netherlands) - born 26 November 1931 Archbishop of Utrecht
• Bernard Francis Law (USA) - born 4 November 1931 Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Angelo Sodano (born 23 November 1927 is the Dean of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church. The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the President of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cardinal Secretary of State &mdashofficially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope &mdashpresides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Roger Marie Élie Cardinal Etchegaray (born September 25 1922 in Espelette, Pyrénées-Atlantiques, France) is a Cardinal Bishop This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace ( Justitia et Pax) is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Giovanni Battista Cardinal Re (born January 30, 1934 in Borno) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church whose Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for Bishops ( Congregatio pro Episcopis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the selection of new Bishops pending Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Francis Cardinal Arinze, (born 1 November 1932) is a Nigerian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Tarcisio Cardinal Bertone, SDB (born 2 December 1934) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Cardinal Secretary of State &mdashofficially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope &mdashpresides over the Vatican Secretariat of State, which Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Patriarch Mar Nasrallah Boutros Cardinal Sfeir ( Arabic: الكاردينال مار نصر الله بطرس صفير) (born May 15, 1920 Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar This is a list of the Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch, who have led the Maronite Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches, in full communion with the Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Stéphanos II Cardinal Ghattas, CM ( Cheick Zein-el-Dine, Egypt January 16, 1920) is the Patriarch Emeritus of Alexandria This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the The Patriarch of Alexandria is the Archbishop of Alexandria and Cairo, Egypt. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Patriarch Ignace Moussa I (Daoud was born Basile Moussa Daoud on 18 September 1930. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Syriac Catholic Church, or Syrian Catholic Church is a Christian church in the Levant having Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Mar Emmanuel III Cardinal Delly is the current Patriarch of Babylon of the Chaldeans and primate of the Chaldean Catholic Church, an Eastern Catholic For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of The Chaldean Catholic Patriarchs of Babylon, the leaders of the Chaldean Catholic Church and one of the Patriarchs of the east of the Catholic Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Pope Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Stephen Kim Sou-hwan (born May 8 1922) is a senior Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the former Archbishop of Seoul, Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Salvador (historic name São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, in English "Holy Savior of All Saints' Bay" is a City on the northeast coast of Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Luis Aponte Martínez (born August 4, 1922) is the only Puerto Rican ever to be consecrated a Cardinal of the Catholic Church Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of San Juan de Puerto Rico is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States comprises the San Juan (saŋ hwaŋ (from the Spanish San Juan Bautista, " Saint John the Baptist " is the Capital and largest municipality in Paulo Evaristo Arns OFM (born September 14 1921 in Forquilhinha) is the Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus of São Paulo. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Wakefield Baum (born November 21, 1926 in Dallas Texas) is an American cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Congregation for Catholic Education (in Seminaries and Institutes of Study ( Congregatio de Institutione Catholica (de Seminariis atque Studiorum Institutis) is the Pontifical Pope Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Marco Cardinal Cé (born July 8, 1925) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. Franciszek Macharski (born 20 May 1927 in Kraków) is a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Michael Michai Kitbunchu (ไมเกิ้ล มีชัย กิจบุญชู born January 25, 1929) is a Thai Cardinal of the The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bangkok, Thailand ( Archidioecesis Bangkokensis, อัครสังฆมณฑลกรุงเทพฯ Alexandre Cardinal do Nascimento (born March 1, 1925) is an Angolan Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the mystic of the Han Dynasty see Luan Da. Luanda (formerly called Loanda) is the Godfried Maria Jules Danneels (born June 4 1933) is a Belgian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thomas Stafford Williams, ONZ, ChStJ (born 20 March, 1930) is a New Zealand Cardinal and the Emeritus (retired New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the Carlo Maria Martini, SJ (born February 15, 1927) is a Latin Rite Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Józef Glemp (born December 18, 1929) is a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Joachim Meisner (born 25 December 1933 in Wrocław (Breslau, Lower Silesia) is a Cardinal priest and Archbishop of Cologne Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bishops and Archbishops of Cologne Bishops of Colonia Agrippina, 88–784 All names before Maternus ('II' are to be approached with considerable Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy (born February 5, 1924) is an Indian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Antonio Cardinal Innocenti ( August 23, 1915 &ndash September 6, 2008) was a cardinal who was a mainstay of the Roman Curia Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Miguel Obando y Bravo (born February 2, 1926) is a Nicaraguan prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Managua is the Capital city of Nicaragua as well as the department and municipality by the same name Paul Augustin Mayer OSB (born 23 May 1911) is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and is currently President Emeritus of the Pontifical Commission Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ricardo Jamin Vidal (born 6 February 1931) is a Filipino Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Cebu in the Roman Catholic Church Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Cebu ( Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo, Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu) is the capital of Henryk Roman Gulbinowicz ( 17 october, 1923 in Szukiszki near Wilno, Poland (now Lithuania) is member of the clergy Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Jozef Tomko (born 11 March 1924) is a Slovakian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelisatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for Andrzej Maria Deskur ( February 29, 1924 in Sancygniów near Kielce, Poland) is President Emeritus of the Pontifical Council for Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Paul Joseph Jean Cardinal Poupard (born August 30, 1930) is a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Friedrich Wetter (born 20 February 1928) is a German cardinal of the Catholic Church, the Archbishop Emeritus of Munich, Germany Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Silvano Piovanelli, (born February 21, 1924) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, the Archbishop Emeritus of Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Adrianus Johannes Simonis (born November 26, 1931) is a Dutch Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Archbishopric of Utrecht is the Archbishopric based in the Dutch city of Utrecht. Bernard Francis Law (born 4 November 1931 in Torreón Mexico) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "Forane" redirects here For the veterinary anesthetic see Isoflurane. Mary Major and former Archbishop of Boston, Massachusetts
• Giacomo Biffi (Italy) - born 13 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Bologna

Consistory of 28 June 1988

• Eduardo Martínez Somalo* (Spain) - born 31 March 1927 Retired Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church
• Achille Silvestrini* (Italy) - born 25 October 1923 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
• José Freire Falcão* (Brazil) - born 23 October 1925 Retired Archbishop of Brasilia
• Michele Giordano (Italy) - born 26 September 1930 Retired Archbishop of Naples
• Alexandre José Maria dos Santos* (Mozambique) - born 18 March 1924 Retired Archbishop of Maputo
• Giovanni Canestri* (Italy) - born 30 September 1918 Retired Archbishop of Genoa
• Simon Pimenta* (India) - born 1 March 1920 Retired Archbishop of Bombay
• Edward Bede Clancy* (Australia) - born 13 December 1923 Retired Archbishop of Sydney
• Edmund Casimir Szoka* (USA) - born 14 September 1927 President of the Governorate of Vatican City and former Archbishop of Detroit
• László Paskai* (Hungary) - born 8 May 1927 Retired Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
• Christian Wiyghan Tumi (Cameroon) - born 15 October 1930 Archbishop of Douala
• Jean Margéot* (Mauritius) - born 23 February 1916 Retired Bishop of Port-Louis

Consistory of 28 June 1991

• Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez (Dominican Republic) - born 31 October 1936 Archbishop of Santo Domingo
• Roger Mahony (USA) - born 27 February 1936 Archbishop of Los Angeles, California
• Anthony Joseph Bevilacqua* (USA) - born 17 June 1923 Retired Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Giovanni Saldarini* (Italy) - born 11 December 1924 Retired Archbishop of Turin
• Cahal Brendan Daly* (Ireland) - born 1 October 1917 Retired Archbishop of Armagh
• Camillo Ruini (Italy) - born 19 February 1931 Vicar General of the Archdiocese of Rome
• Ján Chryzostom Korec* (Slovakia) - born 22 January 1924 Retired Bishop of Nitra
• Henri Schwery (Switzerland) - born 14 June 1932 Retired Bishop of Sion
• Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky (Germany) - born 9 February 1936 Archbishop of Berlin
• Pío Laghi* (Italy) - born 21 May 1922 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
• Edward Idris Cassidy* (Australia) - born 5 July 1924 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for the Promotion of Christian Unity
• José Tomás Sánchez* (Philippines) - born 17 March 1920 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Virgilio Noè* (Italy) - born 30 March 1922 Retired Vicar General for the State of Vatican City and Archpriest of St. Giacomo Biffi (born in Milan on June 13, 1928) Appointed an Auxiliary bishop there in 1975 in 1984 the sudden death of Enrico Manfredini Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Eduardo Martínez Somalo (born March 31, 1927) is a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Achille Silvestrini (born October 25, 1923, Brisighella, Italy) was one of the most prominent Vatican Diplomats during Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. José Freire Falcão (born October 23, 1925) is a Brazilian Cardinal of the Brasília]] Events 4004 BC - Creation of the world begins according to the calculations of Archbishop James Ussher 42 BC - Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau Michele Giordano (born September 26, 1930 in San Arcangelo, Italy) is the archbishop emeritus of Naples, Italy and a Cardinal Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Alexandre José Maria dos Santos, OFM (born March 18, 1924 in Zavala, Mozambique) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Maputo, formerly Lourenço Marques, is the Capital and largest city of Mozambique. Giovanni Canestri, Archbishop Emeritus of Genoa, was born on 30 September 1918 in Castelspina, Diocese of Alessandria (Italy Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Simon Pimenta ( 1 March 1920 - was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bombay (now Mumbai and Cardinal Priest. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Edward Bede Clancy AC (born 13 December 1923) is an Australian ecclesiastic Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Edmund Casimir Cardinal Szoka (born September 14, 1927) is an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory László Paskai (born May 8, 1927 in Szeged, Hungary) is a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the former Archbishop Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Christian Wiyghan Tumi (born 15 October 1930) is a Cardinal Priest and the Archbishop of Douala in the Roman Catholic Church. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Douala is the largest city in Cameroon and the capital of Cameroon's Littoral Province. Jean Margéot was born in Quatre-Bornes Mauritius on February 3, 1916. Mauritius (pronounced məˈrɪʃəs L’île Maurice /il mɔ'ʁis/ Mauritian Creole: Maurice) officially the Republic of Mauritius, République Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez (born October 31, 1936 in Barranca, Dominican Republic) is the current archbishop of Santo Domingo Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Santo Domingo de Guzmán (known as Santo Domingo population 2084852 (Metro (2003 estimated 2253437 (Metro in 2006 is the Capital and largest city in the Roger Michael Cardinal Mahony (born February 27, 1936) is an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Anthony Joseph Bevilacqua (born June 17, 1923 in Brooklyn New York) is an American Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə Giovanni Saldarini ( 11 December 1924 -) is an Italian Cardinal and Archbishop Emeritus of Turin. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cahal Brendan Daly (born 1 October 1917 is an Irish Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Archdiocese of Armagh ( Latin: Archidioecesis Ardmachana; Irish: Ard-Deoise Ard Mhacha) was founded by St Camillo Cardinal Ruini (born February 19, 1931) is an Italian Prelate of the Catholic Church. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cardinal Vicar ( Cardinale Vicario) is a title commonly given to the Vicar general of the Diocese of Rome for the portion of the Diocese within Ján Chryzostom Korec (born January 22, 1924, in Bošany) is a Slovakian Jesuit and Bishop Emeritus of the Diocese of Nitra Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Henri Schwery (born 14 June 1932) is a Cardinal and Bishop Emeritus of Sion, Switzerland. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Sion (Bistum Sitten Dioecesis Sedunensis Évêché de Sion in the Swiss canton of Valais, is the oldest bishopric in Switzerland Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky (born 9 February 1936) is a German cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Berlin Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Pio Cardinal Laghi (born 21 May, 1922) is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church, whose service has been limited to the diplomatic Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Edward Idris Cassidy (born July 5 1924) is an Australian Roman Catholic Cardinal Priest. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. José Tomás Sánchez (born March 17, 1920) is a Roman Catholic Prefect Emeritus of the Congregation for the Clergy and Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy ( Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding Virgilio Noè (born 30 March 1922) is an Italian Roman Catholic Cardinal. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Peter's Basilica
• Fiorenzo Angelini* (Italy) - born 1 August 1916 Retired President of the Pontifical Commission for Pastoral Assistance to Health Care Workers

Consistory of 26 November 1994

• Miloslav Vlk (Czech Republic) - born 17 May 1932 Archbishop of Prague
• Luigi Poggi* (Italy) - born 25 November 1917 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi (Japan) - born 17 June 1928 Retired Archbishop of Tokyo
• Carlo Furno* (Italy) - born 2 December 1921 Grand Master of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre and Retired Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Mary Major
• Julius Riyadi Darmaatmadja (Indonesia) - born 20 December 1934 Archbishop of Jakarta
• Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino (Cuba) - born 18 October 1936 Archbishop of San Cristobal de la Habana
• Gilberto Agustoni* (Switzerland) - born 26 July 1922 Retired Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
• Emmanuel Wamala* (Uganda) - born 15 December 1926 Retired Archbishop of Kampala
• William Henry Keeler (USA) - born 4 March 1931 Archbishop of Baltimore
• Jean-Claude Turcotte (Canada) - born 26 June 1930 Archbishop of Montreal
• Ricardo María Carles Gordó* (Spain) - born 24 September 1926 Retired Archbishop of Barcelona
• Adam Joseph Maida (USA) - born 18 March 1930 Archbishop of Detroit
• Vinko Puljić (Bosnia and Herzegovina) - born 8 September 1945 Archbishop of Vrhbosna/Sarajevo
• Armand Razafindratandra* (Madagascar) - born 7 August 1925 Retired Archbishop of Antananarivo
• Paul Joseph Pham Dinh Tung* (Vietnam) - born 15 June 1919 Retired Archbishop of Hanoi
• Juan Sandoval Íñiguez (Mexico) - born 28 March 1933 Archbishop of Guadalajara, Jalisco
• Kazimierz Swiatek* (Belarus) - born 21 October 1914 Archbishop of Minsk
• Ersilio Tonini* (Italy) - born 20 July 1914 Retired Archbishop of Ravenna

Consistory of 21 February 1998

• Salvatore De Giorgi (Italy) - born 6 September 1930 Retired Archbishop of Palermo
• Serafim Fernandes de Araújo* (Brazil) - born 13 August 1924 Retired Archbishop of Belo Horizonte
• Antonio María Rouco Varela (Spain) - born 24 August 1936 Archbishop of Madrid
• Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic (Canada) - born 27 January 1930 Retired Archbishop of Toronto
• Dionigi Tettamanzi (Italy) - born 14 March 1934 Archbishop of Milan
• Polycarp Pengo (Tanzania) - born 5 August 1944 Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam
• Christoph Schönborn (Austria) - born 22 January 1945 Archbishop of Vienna
• Norberto Rivera Carrera (Mexico) - born 6 June 1942 Archbishop of Mexico City
• Francis Eugene George (USA) - born 16 January 1937 Archbishop of Chicago
• Paul Shan Kuo-hsi* (Taiwan) - born 3 December 1923 Retired Archbishop of Taiwan and Retired Bishop of Kaohsiung
• Marian Jaworski* (Ukraine) - born 21 August 1926 Archbishop of Lviv
• Jānis Pujāts (Latvia) - born 14 November 1930 Archbishop of Riga
• Darío Castrillón Hoyos (Colombia) - born 4 July 1929 President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei; retired Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Jorge Medina Estévez* (Chile) - born 23 December 1926 Retired Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments was Protodeacon from 2005-2007
• Lorenzo Antonetti* (Italy) - born 31 July 1922 Pontifical Delegate for the Patriarchal Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi and Retired President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See
• James Francis Stafford (USA) - born 26 July 1932 Major Penitentiary
• Giovanni Cheli* (Italy) - born 4 October 1918 Retired President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants

Consistory of 21 February 2001

• Antonio José González Zumárraga* (Ecuador) - born 18 March 1925 Retired Archbishop of Quito
• Ivan Dias (India) - born 14 April 1936 Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples
• Geraldo Majella Agnelo (Brazil) - born 19 October 1933 Archbishop of São Salvador de Bahia
• Pedro Rubiano Sáenz (Colombia) - born 13 September 1932 Archbishop of Bogotá
• Theodore Edgar McCarrick (USA) - born 7 July 1930 Retired Archbishop of Washington, D.C.
• Desmond Connell* (Ireland) - born 24 March 1926 Retired Archbishop of Dublin
• Audrys Juozas Backis (Lithuania) - born 1 February 1937 Archbishop of Vilnius
• Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa (Chile) - born 5 September 1933 Archbishop of Santiago de Chile
• Julio Terrazas Sandoval (Bolivia) - born 7 March 1936 Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
• Wilfrid Fox Napier (South Africa) - born 8 March 1941 Archbishop of Durban
• Oscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga (Honduras) - born 29 December 1942 Archbishop of Tegucigalpa
• Bernard Agré* (Ivory Coast) - born 2 March 1926 Retired Archbishop of Abidjan
• Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne (Peru) - born 28 December 1943 Archbishop of Lima
• Francisco Álvarez Martínez* (Spain) - born 14 July 1925 Retired Archbishop of Toledo
• Cláudio Hummes (Brazil) - born 8 August 1934 Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy
• Varkey Vithayathil* (India) - born 29 May 1927 Major Archbishop of Ernakulam-Angamaly of the Syro-Malabars
• Jorge Mario Bergoglio (Argentina) - born 17 December 1936 Archbishop of Buenos Aires
• José da Cruz Policarpo (Portugal) - born 26 February 1936 Patriarch of Lisbon
• Severino Poletto (Italy) - born 18 March 1933 Archbishop of Turin
• Cormac Murphy-O'Connor (England & Wales) - born 24 August 1932 Archbishop of Westminster
• Edward Michael Egan (USA) - born 2 April 1932 Archbishop of New York, New York
• Lubomyr Husar (Ukraine) - born 26 February 1933 Major Archbishop of Kiev of the Ukrainians
• Karl Lehmann (Germany) - born 16 May 1936 Bishop of Mainz
• Jean Marcel Honoré* (France) - born 13 August 1920 Retired Archbishop of Tours

Consistory of 21 October 2003^[5]

• Angelo Scola (Italy) - born 7 November 1941 Patriarch of Venice
• Anthony Olubumni Okogie (Nigeria) - born 16 June 1936 Archbishop of Lagos
• Bernard Panafieu (France) - born 26 January 1931 Retired Archbishop of Marseille
• Gabriel Zubeir Wako (Sudan) - born 27 February 1939 Archbishop of Khartoum
• Carlos Amigo Vallejo (Spain) - born 23 August 1934 Archbishop of Seville
• Justin Francis Rigali (USA) - born 19 April 1935 Archbishop of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
• Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien (Scotland) - born 17 March 1938 Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh
• Eusebio Oscar Scheid (Brazil) - born 8 December 1932 Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro
• Ennio Antonelli (Italy) - born 18 November 1936 Archbishop of Florence
• Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson (Ghana) - born 11 October 1948 Archbishop of Cape Coast
• Telesphore Placidus Toppo (India) - born 13 October 1939 Archbishop of Ranchi
• George Pell (Australia) - born 8 April 1941 Archbishop of Sydney
• Josip Bozanić (Croatia) - born 20 March 1949 Archbishop of Zagreb
• Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn (Vietnam) - born 1934 (birthday not recorded) Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City
• Rodolfo Quezada Toruño (Guatemala) - born 8 March 1932 Archbishop of Guatemala City
• Philippe Barbarin (France) - born 17 October 1950 Archbishop of Lyon
• Péter Erdő (Hungary) - born 25 June 1952 Archbishop of Esztergom-Budapest
• Marc Ouellet (Canada) - born 8 June 1944 Archbishop of Quebec City

Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI

Consistory of 24 March 2006

• Jorge Urosa (Venezuela) - born 28 August 1942 - Archbishop of Caracas
• Gaudencio Borbon Rosales (Philippines) - born 10 August 1932 - Archbishop of Manila
• Jean-Pierre Ricard (France) - born 25 September 1944 - Archbishop of Bordeaux
• Antonio Cañizares Llovera (Spain) - born 15 October 1945 - Archbishop of Toledo
• Nicolas Cheong Jin-suk (South Korea) - born 7 December 1931 - Archbishop of Seoul
• Sean P. O'Malley (United States) - born 29 June 1944 - Archbishop of Boston
• Stanisław Dziwisz (Poland) - born 27 April 1939 - Archbishop of Kraków
• Carlo Caffarra (Italy) - born 1 June 1938 - Archbishop of Bologna
• Joseph Zen Ze-Kiun (Hong Kong^[6]) - born 13 January 1932 - Bishop of Hong Kong

Consistory of 24 November 2007

• Agustín García-Gasco y Vicente (Spain) - born 12 February 1944 - Archbishop of Valencia
• Seán Brady (Ireland) - born 16 August 1939 - Archbishop of Armagh
• Lluís Martínez Sistach (Spain) - born 29 April 1937 - Archbishop of Barcelona
• André Armand Vingt-Trois (France) - born 7 November 1942 - Archbishop of Paris
• Angelo Bagnasco (Italy) - born 14 January 1943 - Archbishop of Genoa
• Théodore-Adrien Sarr (Senegal) - born 28 November 1936 - Archbishop of Dakar
• Oswald Gracias (India) - born 24 December 1944 - Archbishop of Bombay
• Francisco Robles Ortega (Mexico) - born 2 March 1949 - Archbishop of Monterrey
• Daniel DiNardo (United States) - born 23 May 1949 - Archbishop of Galveston-Houston
• Odilo Pedro Scherer (Brazil) - born 21 September 1949 - Archbishop of São Paulo
• John Njue (Kenya) - born 1944 - Archbishop of Nairobi
• Estanislao Esteban Karlic* (Argentina) - born 7 February 1926 - Archbishop Emeritus of Paraná

Cardinals of the Order of Deacons

Cardinal Deacons have the right to become Cardinal Priests after ten years as Cardinal Deacons, with the rare exception of Cardinals who are not Bishops. Fiorenzo Angelini (born August 1, 1916) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Miloslav Cardinal Vlk (born May 17, 1932) is the head of the Czech Catholic Church, the Archbishop of Prague, and was considered Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Prague (ˈprɑːg Praha (ˈpraɦa see also other names) is the Capital and Largest city of the Czech Republic. Luigi Cardinal Poggi (born November 25, 1917) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi (白柳 誠一 Shirayanagi Seiichi, born 17 June 1928) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop Emeritus of Tokyo Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Carlo Furno (born December 2, 1921) is an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Catholic Chivalric order of Knighthood that traces its roots to Godfrey of Bouillon The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore (its Italian name known in English also as St Mary Major, is an ancient Catholic Basilica of Rome Julius Darmaatmadja (born December 20 1934 in Jagang Muntilan) in Central Java is the Roman Catholic Cardinal Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino (born October 18, 1936 in Jagüey Grande, Matanzas, Cuba is the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Havana Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Gilberto Agustoni (born July 26, 1922 in Schaffhausen, Switzerland) is a Swiss prelate the former Prefect of the Apostolic Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Emmanuel Wamala (born December 15, 1926 in Kamaggwa, Uganda) was Archbishop of Kampala, Uganda until he resigned on Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kampala is the Capital city of Uganda. With a population of 1208544 (2002 it is the largest city in Uganda William Henry Cardinal Keeler (born March 4, 1931) is a American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jean-Claude Turcotte, OC (born June 26, 1936) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Montréal (Archdioecesis Marianopolitanis is a Roman Catholic Archdiocese that includes part of the Province of Quebec Ricardo María Carles Gordó (born 24 September 1926) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop Emeritus of Barcelona in the Roman Catholic Church Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Adam Joseph Maida (b March 18, 1930, East Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, USA is the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Detroit Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Vinko Puljić (born September 8, 1945) is a Cardinal Priest of the Roman Catholic Church in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Armand Gaétan Razafindratandra (born 7 August 1925) is a Cardinal Priest of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Antananarivo Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Antananarivo (ˌtəˌnænəˈriːv or /ˌtəˌnɑːnəˈriːv/ is the Capital and largest city in Madagascar. Paul Joseph Phạm Đình Tụng (born June 15, 1919) (Vietnamese Phao-lô Giu-se Phạm Đình Tụng) was ordained to the priesthood on Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam Juan Sandoval Íñiguez (born March 28, 1933 in Yahualica de González Gallo, Jalisco, Mexico) is a cardinal of the Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Guadalajara (ˌgwɑːdləˈhɑːrə Spanish pronunciation) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality Kazimierz Świątek ( Polish spelling Belarusian Kazimier Śviontak, Казімер Сьвёнтак; b Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers Ersilio Tonini (born July 20, 1914) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Salvatore De Giorgi (born September 6, 1930) is an Italian churchman, Emeritus Archbishop of Palermo in Sicily. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in Serafim Fernandes de Araújo (born August 13, 1924 in Minas Novas, Brazil) is the Archbishop Emeritus of Belo Horizonte |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Belo Horizonte ( Portuguese for "beautiful horizon", (bɛloɾiˈzõtʃi) is the capital of Minas Gerais state located in the Antonio María Rouco Varela (born August 24, 1936) is a Spanish Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic (born January 27, 1930) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and Archbishop Emeritus of Toronto. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of the Roman Catholic Archbishops of Toronto. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toronto ( Latin: Torontinus) was created out of the Diocese Dionigi Tettamanzi (born 14 March 1934) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Polycarp Pengo (born August 5, 1944) in the parish of Mwazye Diocese of Sumbawanga in Tanzania is the Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam, Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dar es Salaam (دار السلام "Abode of Peace" Dār as-Salām) formerly Mzizima, is the largest city in Tanzania. Christoph Schönborn, OP (born January 22, 1945) is an Austrian Cardinal of the Catholic Church and theologian Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Archbishop of Vienna is the Prelate of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna who is concurrently the Metropolitan bishop of its Ecclesiastical Norberto Rivera Carrera (born on 6 June 1942) is a Mexican cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico Francis Eugene George, OMI (born January 16, 1937) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago is a Particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in the United States. Paul Shan Kuo-hsi, SJ ( Chinese language: 單國璽 Pinyin: Shàn Guóxǐ (born December 3, 1923) is a cardinal in the Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. Marian Jaworski (Мар'ян Яворський born August 21, 1926) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Lviv of the Latins in the Roman Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Jānis Pujats (born 14 November 1930) is the Archbishop of Riga, Latvia. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Darío Castrillón Hoyos (born July 4 1929) is a Colombian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei is a commission of the Roman Catholic Church established by Pope John Paul II's Motu proprio The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy ( Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding Jorge Arturo Agustín Medina Estévez (born December 23, 1926, in Santiago Chile) is a Chilean Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments ( Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum) is the congregation of the Lorenzo Antonetti (born 31 July 1922 in Romagnano Sesia, Italy) is a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi in Assisi, Italy is the burial place of St Francis and the mother church of the Franciscan Order The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See is part of the Roman Curia that deals with the "properties owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for James Francis Stafford (born July 26, 1932) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Giovanni Cheli (born October 4, 1918, Turin, Italy) is a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was along with Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerants ( Pontificium Consilium de Spirituali Migrantium atque Itinerantium Cura) is a Dicastery of Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Antonio José González Zumárraga (born 18 March 1925 is an Ecuadorian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Quito, officially San Francisco de Quito, is the Capital of Ecuador in northwestern South America. Ivan Dias ((born 14 April 1936 in Bombay) Goan Origin India) is a Roman Catholic cardinal and the Prefect of the Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( Congregatio pro Gentium Evangelisatione) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for Geraldo Majella Agnelo (born October 19, 1933) is a Brazilian Roman Catholic prelate Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Salvador (historic name São Salvador da Baía de Todos os Santos, in English "Holy Savior of All Saints' Bay" is a City on the northeast coast of Pedro Cardinal Rubiano Sáenz (born September 13, 1932) is a Cardinal and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bogotá in the Roman Catholic Church Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá Theodore Edgar Cardinal McCarrick (b July 7, 1930) was the fifth Cardinal Archbishop of Washington DC, serving from 2001 to 2006 Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Desmond Connell (born 24 March 1926) is a cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Audrys Juozas Bačkis (born February 1, 1937) is a Lithuanian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa (born 5 September 1933) is a Chilean Cardinal Priest and the Archbishop of Santiago, Chile Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Santiago ( (litteraly in spanish Saint James) is the Capital of Chile, and the center of its largest Conurbation ( Greater Santiago Julio Terrazas Sandoval (born March 7, 1936) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Wilfrid Fox Napier, OFM (born 1941 is a South African prelate a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and Archbishop of Durban, Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Durban (eThekwini is the third most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the EThekwini metropolitan municipality. Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga, SDB (born December 29, 1942) is a Honduran Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Tegucigalpa (teɰusiˈɰalpa ( Teguz for short is the Capital city of Honduras and is also the country's largest city Bernard Agré (born March 2, 1926 in Monga, Côte d'Ivoire) was the Archbishop of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire and a Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Abidjan is the largest city and former Capital of Côte d'Ivoire ( Ivory Coast) Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne (born in Lima, 28 December, 1943) is a Cardinal Priest and Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lima is the Capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers on a coast overlooking Francisco Álvarez Martínez (born July 14, 1925 in Santa Eulalia de Ferroñes Llanera, Spain) is the former Archbishop of the Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Cláudio Hummes, OFM (born August 8, 1934) is a Brazilian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Sacred Congregation for the Clergy ( Congregatio pro Clericis) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for overseeing matters regarding Varkey Vithayathil (born 29 May 1927) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, serving as the Major Archbishop of Ernakulam Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the Eastern Catholic Churches, major archbishop is a title for an hierarch to whose Archiepiscopal see is granted the same jurisdiction in his autonomous This article is about the town of Ernakulam See Ernakulam district. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Angamaly is a town and a Municipality in Ernakulam district in the state of Kerala The Syro-Malabar Catholic Church is a Chaldean Rite Major Archiepiscopal Church in Full communion with the Roman Catholic Church. Jorge Mario Bergoglio, SJ (born December 17, 1936) is an Argentine Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern José Cardinal da Cruz Policarpo is the Cardinal Patriarch of Lisbon in the Roman Catholic Church. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Patriarch of Lisbon (Latin Patriarch Ulixbonensis sive Lisbonensis) is an honorary title possessed by the Archbishop of the Archdiocese of Lisbon. Severino Poletto (born 18 March 1933) is an Italian Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Turin in the Roman Catholic Church Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cormac Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor, (born August 24, 1932) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, the Archbishop of Westminster England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Archbishop of Westminster heads the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster, in England. For the police officer who with Sonny Grosso, investigated the so-called French Connection Heroin smuggling ring see Eddie Egan. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Lubomyr Husar MSU (Любомир Гузар (born 26 February 1933) is the Major archbishop of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the Eastern Catholic Churches, major archbishop is a title for an hierarch to whose Archiepiscopal see is granted the same jurisdiction in his autonomous Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the History Before the Union of Brest See also History of Christianity in Ukraine The Ukrainian Catholic church did not exist as such until the Karl Lehmann (born May 16, 1936 in Sigmaringen) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Mainz and former Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jean Marcel Honoré (born August 13, 1920 in Saint-Brice-en-Coglès;) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and a former Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Angelo Cardinal Scola (born 7 November, 1941) is an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church, Philosopher and Theologian Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Patriarch of Venice is one of the few Patriarchs in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church. Anthony Olubunmi Okogie (born 16 June 1936) is a Nigerian prelate Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Lagos in the Roman Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lagos ( pron ˈleɪgɒs or /ˈlɑːgoʊs/ overseas is the most populous Conurbation in Nigeria with Bernard Louis Auguste Paul Panafieu (born January 26, 1931 in Châtellerault;) is a French Roman Catholic Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Gabriel Zubeir Wako (born February 27, 1941) is the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Khartoum, Sudan. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm) is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. Carlos Amigo Vallejo, OFM (born 23 August 1934) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Seville in the Roman Catholic Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Justin Francis Rigali (born 19 April 1935) is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and Archbishop from the United States who Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Philadelphia covers the City and County of Philadelphia as Keith Michael Patrick Cardinal O'Brien (born March 17, 1938 in Ballycastle, County Antrim, Northern Ireland) is the current Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh Eusébio Oscar Scheid, SJC (born 8 December, 1932) is a Brazilian Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Rio de Janeiro. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Ennio Antonelli (born November 18, 1936) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Peter Kodwo Appiah Cardinal Turkson (born October 11 1948) is a Ghanaian prelate the Archbishop of Cape Coast and Cardinal in the Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Telesphore Placidus Toppo (born 15 October, 1939, Chainpur, Jharkhand India) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Ranchi Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. George Pell AC (born 8 June 1941) is the Catholic Archbishop of Sydney, Australia and since 2003 a cardinal of the Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Josip Bozanić (born 20 March, 1949) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Zagreb in the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn (Vietnamese Gioan Baotixia Phạm Minh Mẫn) (born 1934) is a Cardinal Priest and Archbishop of Hồ Chí Minh City Rodolfo Quezada Toruño (born March 8, 1932 in Guatemala City) is the current Archbishop of Guatemala City and a cardinal of the Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Guatemala City (in full La Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción; locally known as Guatemala or Guate) is the Capital and largest city of the Philippe Xavier Christian Ignace Marie Barbarin (born October 17, 1950) is a French Prelate Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. You may be looking for the mathematician Paul Erdős. Péter Erdő (born June 25, 1952) is a Hungarian Cardinal Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Marc Ouellet, PSS (born 8 June 1944 in La Motte, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian Cardinal of the Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Archdiocese of Québec (Archidioecesis Quebecensis Archidiocèse de Québec is the oldest Catholic see in the New World north Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Jorge Liberato Cardinal Urosa Savino (born August 28, 1942) is a Venezuelan Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Gaudencio Borbón Cardinal Rosales (born August 10, 1932) is the current Cardinal Archbishop of Manila, succeeding Jaime Cardinal Sin Events 612 BC - Killing of Sinsharishkun, King of Assyrian Empire Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The City of Manila Jean-Pierre Ricard (born 25 September 1944) is a French cardinal of the Roman Catholic church and Archbishop of Bordeaux Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Antonio Cardinal Cañizares Llovera (born October 10, 1945) is a Spanish Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Nicholas Cardinal Cheong Jin-Suk (born December 7, 1931) is a South Korean Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Seoul ( soʊl is the Capital and largest City of South Korea. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Boston ( Latin: Archidioecesis Bostoniensis) is an ecclesiastical territory or Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church Stanisław Cardinal Dziwisz (born April 27, 1939 in Raba Wyżna) is a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland Carlo Cardinal Caffarra (born 1 June, 1938) is an Italian cardinal and the current Roman Catholic Archbishop of Bologna. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Cardinal Zen Ze-kiun, SDB ( born January 13, 1932) is a Chinese Prelate of the Catholic Church, currently Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong (CDHK) is a Latin Rite Ordinary Diocese of the Catholic Church headed by His Eminence Joseph Cardinal Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Agustín Cardinal García-Gasco Vicente (born February 12 1931 in Corral de Almaguer, Spain) is the current Archbishop of Valencia. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Seán Baptist Cardinal Brady ( Irish: Seán Ó Brádaigh; born 16 August 1939) is the current Cardinal Archbishop of Armagh and Lord Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Archdiocese of Armagh ( Latin: Archidioecesis Ardmachana; Irish: Ard-Deoise Ard Mhacha) was founded by St Lluís Cardinal Martínez Sistach (born April 29, 1937 in Barcelona, Catalonia) is the current Archbishop of Barcelona. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. André Armand Cardinal Vingt-Trois (born November 7, 1942) is a French Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Angelo Cardinal Bagnasco (born 14 January, 1943) is an Italian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Théodore-Adrien Sarr (born November 28, 1936) is a Senegalese Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dakar { Latin: Dakaren(sis } is the Metropolitan See for the Ecclesiastical province of Dakar Oswald Cardinal Gracias (born December 24, 1944) is an Indian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bombay is a Particular church of the Roman Catholic Church in India. Francisco Cardinal Robles Ortega (born March 2, 1949) is a Mexican Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Archdiocese of Monterrey ( Latin: Archidioecesis Monterreyensis is a Roman Catholic Archdiocese located in Monterrey, Mexico. Daniel Nicholas DiNardo (born May 23, 1949) is an American Catholic clergyman currently the Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Galveston-Houston (Latin Archidioecesis Galvestoniensis Houstoniensis) encompasses 8880 square miles of ten counties Odilo Pedro Cardinal Scherer (born September 21, 1949) is a Brazilian Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. John Cardinal Njue (born 1944 in Embu, Kenya) is the current Archbishop of Nairobi. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nairobi { Latin: Nairobien(sis } is the Metropolitan See for the Ecclesiastical province of Estanislao Esteban Cardinal Karlic (born February 7, 1926) is an Argentine Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Paraná (erected 13 June 1859, as the Diocese of Paraná is a metropolitan diocese, responsible for the suffragan Dioceses All living former Cardinal Deacons created prior to 2001 have exercised this right.

Appointed by Pope John Paul II

Consistory of 21 February 2001

• Agostino Cacciavillan* (Italy) - born 14 August 1926 Retired Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See (succeeded Cardinal Antonetti) Protodeacon since March 2008
• Sergio Sebastiani (Italy) - born 11 April 1931 President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See
• Zenon Grocholewski (Poland) - born 11 October 1939 Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education
• José Saraiva Martins (Portugal) - born 6 January 1932 Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints
• Crescenzio Sepe (Italy) - born 2 June 1943 Archbishop of Naples
• Jorge María Mejía* (Argentina) - born 31 January 1923 Retired Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Walter Kasper (Germany) - born 5 March 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity
• Roberto Tucci* (Italy) - born 19 April 1921 Priest of Society of Jesus and retired President of the Administrative Committee of Radio Vatican
• Avery Dulles* (USA) - born 24 August 1918 Priest of Society of Jesus and Professor of Theology at Fordham University

Consistory of 21 October 2003^[5]

• Jean-Louis Tauran (France) - born 3 April 1943 Librarian and Archivist of the Holy Roman Church
• Renato Raffaele Martino (Italy) - born 23 November 1932 President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace
• Francesco Marchisano (Italy) - born 25 June 1929 President of the Office of Labor of the Apostolic See and former Archpriest of the Vatican Basilica
• Julián Herranz Casado (Spain) - born 31 March 1930 President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts
• Javier Lozano Barragán (Mexico) - born 26 January 1933 President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers
• Attilio Nicora (Italy) - born 16 March 1937 President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See
• Georges Marie Martin Cottier* (Switzerland) - born 25 April 1922 Titular Archbishop of Tullia, retired as Pro-Theologian of the Pontifical Household and as Secretary-General of the International Theological Commission
• Tomás Spidlik* (Czech Republic) - born 17 December 1919 Consultor of Vatican Congregations
• Stanislaw Nagy* (Poland) - born 30 September 1921 Titular Archbishop of Holar and Professor Emeritus of Theology

Appointed by Pope Benedict XVI

Consistory of 24 March 2006

• William Joseph Levada (United States) - born 15 June 1936 - Prefect of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith
• Franc Rodé (Slovenia) - born 23 September 1934 - Prefect of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life
• Agostino Vallini (Italy) - born 17 April 1940 - Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura
• Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo* (Italy) - born 27 August 1925 - Archpriest of the Basilica of St. Paul's Outside-the-Walls
• Albert Vanhoye, S. Pope Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Agostino Cardinal Cacciavillan (born 14 August 1926) is a Cardinal Deacon and the President Emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See is part of the Roman Curia that deals with the "properties owned by the Holy See in order to provide the funds necessary for Sergio Cardinal Sebastiani (born April 11, 1931) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and the current President of Prefecture Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See is an office of the Roman Curia, erected on 15 August 1967 and entrusted with overseeing all the offices of the Zenon Cardinal Grocholewski (born October 11 1939 is a Polish Prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for Catholic Education (in Seminaries and Institutes of Study ( Congregatio de Institutione Catholica (de Seminariis atque Studiorum Institutis) is the Pontifical José Cardinal Saraiva Martins, CMF, GCC (born January 6, 1932) is a Portuguese Prelate and a Cardinal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Sacred Congregation for the Causes of Saints ( Congregatio de Causis Sanctorum) is the congregation of the Roman Curia which oversees the complex process Crescenzio Sepe (born June 2, 1943) is an Italian Cardinal and Archbishop of Naples. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Jorge María Cardinal Mejía (born January 31, 1923 in Buenos Aires Argentina) is an Argentine Prelate of the Roman Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Walter Cardinal Kasper (born 5 March 1933 in Heidenheim an der Brenz) is a German Prelate of the Roman Catholic Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity origins are associated with the Second Vatican Council which met intermittently from 1962-1965 Roberto Cardinal Tucci, SJ ( 19 April 1921 - is a Roman Catholic Cardinal and theologian. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Vatican Radio ( Radio Vaticana) is the official Broadcasting service of the Vatican. Avery Dulles SJ (born August 24, 1918) is a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and currently the Laurence J Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Fordham University is a private University in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Jean-Louis Pierre Cardinal Tauran (born 3 April 1943) is a French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Renato Raffaele Martino (born 23 November 1932) is an Italian Cardinal Deacon, and President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace ( Justitia et Pax) is a part of the Roman Curia dedicated to "action-oriented studies" for the international Francesco Marchisano (born June 25, 1929) is an Italian Cardinal who has worked in the Roman Curia since 1956. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Labour Office of the Apostolic See is responsible for Labour relations of the Holy See with its employees The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St Julián Herranz Casado (born March 31, 1930) is a Spanish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts is part of the Roman Curia. Javier Lozano Barragán (born 26 January 1933) is a Mexican Cardinal Deacon of San Michele Archangelo and President of Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers was set up by the Motu Proprio Dolentium Hominum of 11 February, 1985 Attilio Nicora (born March 16 1937) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, Emeritus Bishop of Verona, and Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Administration of the Patrimony of the Holy See ( Italian: Amministrazione per il Patrimonio della Santa Sede, abbreviated APSA) is a sub-office of the Georges Marie Martin Cottier OP, (born on April 25, 1922 in Carouge ( Switzerland) is a Swiss Cardinal of the Roman Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Prefecture for the of the Pontifical Household or Papal Household, formerly known as Maestro di Camera del Papa is an office of the Roman Curia. The International Theological Commission (ITC is a Dicastery of the Roman Curia consisting of 30 Catholic theologians from around the world Tomáš Špidlík, SJ (born December 17 1919 in Boskovice - then Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic) was made a Cardinal Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Stanisław Nagy, SCI ( September 30 1921 in Bieruń Stary near Katowice, Poland) is a member of the Priests of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. William Joseph Cardinal Levada (born June 15, 1936) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF ( Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei) previously known as the Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Holy Office, Franc Rode, CM (born September 23, 1934) is a Slovenian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life ( Congregatio pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae) is the Agostino Cardinal Vallini (born April 17, 1940) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo (born August 27, 1925) is an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic church and Titular Archbishop Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Basilica of St Paul Outside the Walls or St Paul-without-the-Walls (Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura is one of four churches considered to be the great Albert Vanhoye, SJ (born July 23, 1923 at Hazebrouck France) is a priest of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits and J. * (France) - born 23 July 1923 - formerly rector of the Pontifical Biblical Institute and secretary of the Pontifical Biblical Commission

Consistory of 24 November 2007

• Leonardo Sandri (Argentina) - born 18 November 1943 - Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
• John Patrick Foley (United States) - born 11 November 1935 - Pro-Grand Master of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
• Giovanni Lajolo (Italy) - born 3 January 1935 - President of the Governorate of Vatican City State. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Biblical Institute ( it: Pontificio Istituto Biblico) in Rome, Italy is an institution of the Holy See run by the Jesuits The Pontifical Biblical Commission is a committee of Cardinals, aided by Consultors who meet in Rome to ensure the proper interpretation and defense of Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Leonardo Sandri (born November 18, 1943) is an Argentine Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Congregation for the Oriental Churches ( Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus) is the congregation of the Roman Curia responsible for contact with John Patrick Foley (born November 11, 1935) is an American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Catholic Chivalric order of Knighthood that traces its roots to Godfrey of Bouillon Giovanni Cardinal Lajolo (born January 3, 1935 in Novara, Italy) is the current Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State is the leader of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State, the Legislative body of Vatican
• Paul Josef Cordes (Germany) - born 5 September 1935 - President of the Pontifical Council Cor Unum
• Angelo Comastri (Italy) - born 17 September 1943 - Archpriest of St. Peter's Basilica, Vicar-General for Vatican City, and President of the Fabric of St. Peter
• Stanisław Ryłko (Poland) - born 4 July 1945 - President of the Pontifical Council for the Laity
• Raffaele Farina, S. Paul Josef Cordes (born September 5, 1935) is a German Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Pontifical Council Cor Unum for Human and Christian Development is part of the Curia of the Catholic Church. Angelo Comastri (born 17 September 1943 in Sorano, Italy) is the current Cardinal President of the Fabric of Saint Peter Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St A vicar general (often abbreviated VG) is the principal deputy of the bishop of a diocese for the exercise of administrative authority Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory The Fabric of Saint Peter is an office within the Roman Curia of the Roman Catholic Church. Stanisław Ryłko (born July 4, 1945) is a Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Pontifical Council for the Laity has the responsibility of assisting the Pope in his dealings with the laity in lay ecclesial movements or individually and their Raffaele Cardinal Farina, SDB (born 24 September, 1933) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. D. B. (Italy) - born 24 September 1933 - Archivist of the Vatican Secret Archives
• Giovanni Coppa* (Italy) - born 9 November 1925 - Apostolic Nuncio Emeritus to Czech Republic
• Urbano Navarrete Cortés, S. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Vatican Secret Archives ( Latin: Archivum Secretum Apostolicum Vaticanum) located in Vatican City, is the central repository for all of the acts promulgated Giovanni Coppa (born November 9, 1925) is an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nuncio is an ecclesiastical Diplomatic title, derived from the ancient Latin word Nuntius, meaning "envoy The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Urbano Navarrete Cortés SJ (born May 25, 1920) is a Professor of Canon Law and former Rector of the Pontifical Gregorian University J. * (Spain) - born 25 May 1920 - Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Gregorian University
• Umberto Betti, O. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Pontifical Gregorian University (Pontificia Università Gregoriana (also known as the Gregorianum) is a Pontifical university located in Rome, Italy Umberto Betti, OFM, STD (born in Pieve Santo Stefano Tuscany March 7 1922) is an Italian priest of Order of Friars Minor F. M. * (Italy) - born 7 March 1922 - Rector Emeritus of the Pontifical Lateran University

Notes

See also

• Palatine Cardinals

External links

• The College of Cardinals — Holy See Press Office
• GCatholic.com - extensive information on all cardinals since the 17th century
• Cardinals of the Catholic Church - sortable list, often slightly out of date on deaths
• Catholic-Hierarchy.org, with entry into extensive databases. Palatinus, (plural Palatini) Latin for 'palatial' enters in designations for various ecclesiastical offices primarily of certain high officials in the papal court
• The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, by Salvador Miranda, with fuller biographical notices
• Cardinalrating.com- includes Collected Press Articles on present cardinals, in various languages

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