| Colima | |
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 Colima volcano from 33,000 feet (Feb. 9, 2008). The summit crater dome and pyroclastic flows that ran down the slopes in past eruptions are visible. A volcanic crater is a circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity In Volcanology, a lava dome or plug dome is a roughly circular Mound -shaped protrusion resulting from the slow eruption of Felsic Lava A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current) is a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. Mild earthquakes (Richter scale 5. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released 4) shook the area earlier that week. | |
| Elevation | 4,330 metres (14,206 ft) |
| Location | Jalisco-Colima state borders in Mexico |
| Coordinates | Coordinates: |
| Type | Stratovolcano |
| Volcanic arc/belt | Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt |
| Age of rock | 5 million years |
| Last eruption | 2008 (ongoing) |
| First ascent | September 20 1995 |
| Easiest route | up |
Colima's Volcano is the most active volcano in Mexico, and has erupted more than 40 times since 1576. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. For the state capital of the same name see Colima Colima. There is also a volcano named Colima, and a spider genus Colima ( Zodariidae The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Mountains can be characterized in several ways Some mountains are Volcanoes and can be characterized by the type of lava and eruptive history A stratovolcano, also called a composite volcano is a tall conical Volcano composed of many layers of hardened Lava, Tephra, and Volcanic A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or Mountains formed by Plate tectonics as an oceanic Tectonic plate subducts under A volcanic belt is a large volcanically active region Other terms are used for smaller areas of activity such as volcanic fields Volcanic belts are found above zones For other topics with the same name see " Sierra Nevada " The geologic time scale is a chronologic schema (or idealized Model) relating Stratigraphy to time that is used by Geologists and other Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the In Climbing, a first ascent (FA is the first modern recorded climb to reach the top of a Mountain, or the first to follow a particular Climbing route A climbing route is a path by which a climber reaches the top of a Mountain, rock or ice wall The Landsat program is the longest running enterprise for acquisition of imagery of Earth from space Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
Despite its name, only a fraction of the volcano's surface area is contained within the state of Colima; the majority of its surface area lies just over the border in the neighboring state of Jalisco, toward the western end of the Eje Volcánico Transversal mountain range. For the state capital of the same name see Colima Colima. There is also a volcano named Colima, and a spider genus Colima ( Zodariidae Jalisco is a state in Mexico. The capital of Jalisco is the city of Guadalajara. For other topics with the same name see " Sierra Nevada " A mountain range is a chain of Mountains bordered by highlands or separated from other mountains by passes or valleys It is about 485 km (301 mi) west of Mexico City and 125 km (78 mi) south of Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico Guadalajara (ˌgwɑːdləˈhɑːrə Spanish pronunciation) is the capital city of the Mexican state of Jalisco, and the seat of the municipality
There are actually two peaks in the volcano complex: Nevado de Colima (4330 m), which is older and inactive, lies about 5 kilometres north of the younger and very active 3860 metre Volcán de Colima (also called Volcán de Fuego de Colima). Since 1869-1878, a parasitic set of domes, collectively known as El Volcancito, have formed on the northeast flank of the main cone of Colima's volcano [1].
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Geological history
Colima's volcano has been active for about five million years. In the late Pleistocene era, a huge landslide occurred at the mountain, with approximately 25 km³ of debris travelling some 120 km, reaching the Pacific Ocean. The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions An area of some 2,200 km² was covered in landslide deposits. Massive collapse events seem to recur at Colima's volcano every few thousand years.
The currently active cone is situated within a large caldera that was probably formed by a combination of landslides and large eruptions. A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature formed by the collapse of land following a volcanic eruption About 300,000 people live within 40 km of the volcano, and in light of its history of large eruptions and situation in a densely populated area, it has been designated a Decade Volcano, singling it out for particular study. The Decade Volcanoes are 16 Volcanoes identified by the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior (IAVCEI as being worthy
Current activity
In recent years there have been frequent temporary evacuations of nearby villagers due to threatening volcanic activity. Eruptions have occurred in 1991, 1998-1999 and from 2001 to the present day, with activity being characterised by extrusion of viscous lava forming a lava dome, and occasional larger explosions, forming pyroclastic flows and dusting the areas surrounding the volcano with ash and tephra. Lava is molten rock expelled by a Volcano during an eruption When first expelled from a volcanic vent it is a Liquid at Temperatures In Volcanology, a lava dome or plug dome is a roughly circular Mound -shaped protrusion resulting from the slow eruption of Felsic Lava A pyroclastic flow (also known as a pyroclastic density current) is a common and devastating result of some volcanic eruptions. Volcanic ash consists of small Tephra, which are bits of pulverized rock and glass created by volcanic eruptions less than in diameter Tephra is air-fall material produced by a volcanic eruption regardless of composition or fragment size
The largest eruption for several years occurred on 24 May 2005. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. An ash cloud rose to over 3 km over the volcano, and satellite monitoring indicated that the cloud spread over an area extending 110 nautical miles (200 km) west of the volcano in the hours after the eruption [1]. Pyroclastic flows travelled 4-5 km from the vent, and lava bombs landed 3–4 km away. A volcanic bomb is a globe of molten rock ( Tephra) larger than 65 mm (2 Authorities set up an exclusion zone within 6. An exclusion zone is an area that protesters are legally prohibited from protesting in 5 km of the summit.
On June 8, 2005, Colima's volcano erupted again in its largest recorded eruption in several decades. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Plumes from this eruption reached heights of 5 km (>3 miles) above the crater rim, prompting the evacuation of at least three neighboring villages.
See also
External links
- Universidad de Colima, Observatorio Vulcanológico (in Spanish)
- Universidad de Colima, Centro de Intercambio e Investigación en Vulcanología (in English and Spanish)
- Experiments at Colima by the Alaska Volcano Observatory
- Smithsonian Institution Global Volcanism Program: Colima
References
- Domínguez T. See also Geography of Mexico Mexico|Mountain peaks of North AmericaThis article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaks of México See also Geography of North America This article comprises three sortable tables of major mountain peaks located on the Continent of North America , Ramírez J. J. , Breton M. (2003), Present Stage Of Activity At Colima Volcano, Mexico, American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2003, abstract #V42B-0350
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