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Coleman Hawkins

Background information
Birth name Coleman Randolph Hawkins
Born November 21, 1904(1904-11-21)
Origin Saint Joseph, Missouri
Died May 19, 1969 (aged 64)
Genre(s) Swing music, Bebop
Instrument(s) tenor saxophone
Associated acts Ben Webster, Max Roach

Coleman Randolph Hawkins (November 21, 1904–May 19, 1969), nicknamed "Hawk" and sometimes "Bean", was a prominent jazz tenor saxophonist. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Saint Joseph (informally St Joe) is the largest city in Northwest Missouri, serving as the County seat for Buchanan County. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s Benjamin Francis Webster ( March 27 1909 &ndash September 20 1973) aka " The Brute " or " Frog," was an Maxwell Lemuel Roach ( January 10, 1924 &ndash August 16, 2007) was an American Jazz Percussionist, Drummer Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1904 ( MCMIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting on Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s

He is commonly regarded as the first important and influential jazz musician to use the instrument: Joachim E. Berendt wrote, "there were some tenor players before him, but the instrument was not an acknowledged jazz horn". [1]

While Hawkins is most strongly associated with the swing music and big band era, he began playing professionally in the early 1920s and was important in the development of bebop in the 1940s. Swing music, also known as swing jazz, is a form of Jazz music that developed in the early 1930s and had solidified as a distinctive style by 1935 in the United A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody He continued to be influenced by the avant-garde jazz of the 1950s and '60s.

Contents

Life and career

Early life and the Swing era

Hawkins was born in Saint Joseph, Missouri in 1904. Saint Joseph (informally St Joe) is the largest city in Northwest Missouri, serving as the County seat for Buchanan County. Some out-of-date sources say 1901, but there is no evidence to prove such an early date. He was named Coleman after his mother Cordelia's maiden name.

He attended high school in Chicago, then in Topeka, Kansas at Topeka High School. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ He later stated that he studied harmony and composition for two years at Washburn College in Topeka while still attending THS. Washburn University ( WU) is a co-educational Public, institution of higher learning located in Topeka, Kansas USA. In his youth he played piano and cello, and started playing saxophone at the age of nine; by the age of fourteen he was playing around eastern Kansas. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers The violoncello (abbreviated to cello, or 'cello, plural cellos or celli —the c is tʃ

Coleman Hawkins (incorrectly spelled "Haskins" in the caption) pictured in the Topeka High School orchestra, from the 1921 yearbook.
Coleman Hawkins (incorrectly spelled "Haskins" in the caption) pictured in the Topeka High School orchestra, from the 1921 yearbook.

Hawkins joined Mamie Smith's Jazz Hounds in 1921 with whom he toured through 1923, at which time he settled in New York City. Mamie Smith ( May 26, 1883, Cincinnati Ohio &ndash September 16, 1946, New York City) was an American The City of New York Hawkins joined Fletcher Henderson's Orchestra, with whom he played through 1934, sometimes doubling on clarinet and bass saxophone. Fletcher Hamilton Henderson Jr ( December 18, 1897 &ndash December 28, 1952) was an American pianist bandleader Arranger The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word The bass saxophone is the second largest existing member of the Saxophone family (not counting the subcontrabass Tubax) Hawkins' playing changed significantly during Louis Armstrong's tenure with the Henderson Orchestra. Louis Armstrong (August 4 1901 &ndash July 6 1971 nicknamed Satchmo or Sachimo and Pops, was an American Jazz Trumpeter

In 1934 Hawkins accepted an invitation to play with Jack Hylton's band in London. Jack Hylton ( 2 July 1895 &ndash 29 January 1965) was a British Band leader and Impresario. During the mid to late 1930s Hawkins toured Europe as a soloist, memorably working with Django Reinhardt and Benny Carter in Paris in 1937, and many other groups until returning to the USA in 1939. Jean "Django" Reinhardt ( January 23, 1910 – May 16, 1953) was a Belgian Gypsy jazz Guitarist Bennett Lester Carter (born August 8, 1907 in Harlem New York; died July 12, 2003 in Los Angeles California) was The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In that same year he recorded a seminal jazz solo on the pop standard "Body and Soul", a landmark recording of the Swing Era. " Body and Soul " is a popular song written in 1930 by Edward Heyman, Robert Sour, Frank Eyton and Johnny Green. It is unique in that virtually the entire recording is improvised - only in the first 4 bars is the melody stated in a recognizable fashion. It is considered by many to be the next evolutionary step in jazz recording from where Louis Armstrong's "West End Blues" in 1928 left off. " West End Blues " is a multi-strain 12 bar blues composition by Joe "King" Oliver.

The Bebop era

After an unsuccessful attempt to establish a big band he led a combo at Kelly's Stables on Manhattan's famed 52nd Street with Thelonious Monk, Oscar Pettiford, Miles Davis, and Max Roach as sidemen. A big band is a type of Musical ensemble associated with playing jazz music and which became popular during the Swing Era from the early 1930s until the late Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York 52nd Street is a 19 mile long one-way Street traveling west to east across Midtown Manhattan. Thelonious Sphere Monk ( October 10, 1917 - February 17, 1982) was an American Jazz Pianist and Composer. Oscar Pettiford ( 30 September, 1922 in Okmulgee, Oklahoma, &ndash 8 September, 1960 in Copenhagen, Denmark Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26 1926 &ndash September 28 1991 was an American Jazz Trumpeter, Bandleader, and Composer. Maxwell Lemuel Roach ( January 10, 1924 &ndash August 16, 2007) was an American Jazz Percussionist, Drummer He was leader on the first ever bebop recording session with Dizzy Gillespie and Max Roach in 1943. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie ( October 21 1917 &ndash January 6 1993) was an American Jazz Trumpeter Maxwell Lemuel Roach ( January 10, 1924 &ndash August 16, 2007) was an American Jazz Percussionist, Drummer Later he toured with Howard McGhee and recorded with J. J. Johnson and Fats Navarro. Howard McGhee (b March 6 1918 Tulsa OK - d July 17 1987 New York City) was one of the very first Bebop J J Johnson (born James Louis Johnson) in Indianapolis Indiana, ( January 22, 1924 - February 4, 2001) was a Theodore "Fats" Navarro ( 24 September, 1923 – 7 July, 1950) was an American Jazz Trumpet player He also toured with Jazz at the Philharmonic. Jazz at the Philharmonic or JATP (1944 - 1983 was the title of a series of Concerts and Recordings produced by Norman Granz (1918 - 2001 In 1948 Hawkins recorded Picasso, an influential piece for unaccompanied saxophone.

After 1948 Hawkins divided his time between New York and Europe, making numerous freelance recordings. In the 1960s he appeared regularly at the Village Vanguard in Manhattan. The Village Vanguard is a Jazz club in Greenwich Village in New York City. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York

During his long career Hawkins was always inventive and seeking new challenges. He directly influenced many bebop performers, and later in his career, recorded or performed with such adventurous musicians as Sonny Rollins, who considered him his main influence, and John Coltrane. Bebop or bop is a form of Jazz characterized by fast Tempos and Improvisation based on Harmonic structure rather than Melody Theodore Walter "Sonny" Rollins (born September 7 1930 in New York City) is an American Jazz tenor Saxophonist He appears on the Thelonious Monk with John Coltrane (Riverside) record. Thelonious Monk with John Coltrane is a 1957 Album by Thelonious Monk. In 1960 he recorded on Max Roach's We Insist! - Freedom Now suite. We Insist! Max Roach's Freedom Now Suite is a 1960 Jazz Album containing a suite which Max Roach and lyricist Oscar Brown had begun

Later life

He also performed with more traditional musicians, such as Henry "Red" Allen and Roy Eldridge, with whom he appeared at the 1957 Newport Jazz Festival, and recorded Coleman Hawkins Encounters Ben Webster with fellow tenor saxophonist Ben Webster on December 16, 1957, along with Oscar Peterson (piano), Herb Ellis (guitar), Ray Brown (bass), and Alvin Stoller (drums). Henry "Red" Allen ( January 7, 1906 or 1908 (see talk &ndash April 17, 1967) was a Jazz Trumpeter whose style Roy David Eldridge ( January 30, 1911 &ndash February 26, 1989) nicknamed "Little Jazz" was an American The Newport Jazz Festival is a music festival held every August in Newport Rhode Island, USA. Coleman Hawkins Encounters Ben Webster is a classic jazz recording featuring tenor saxophonists Coleman Hawkins and Ben Webster accompanied by Oscar The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the Saxophone family a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s Benjamin Francis Webster ( March 27 1909 &ndash September 20 1973) aka " The Brute " or " Frog," was an Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Oscar Emmanuel Peterson, CC, CQ, OOnt ( 15 August 1925 – 23 December 2007) was a Canadian Mitchell Herbert (Herb Ellis (born August 4, 1921) is an American Jazz Guitarist. Raymond Matthews Brown ( October 13 1926 &ndash July 2 2002) was an American Jazz Double bassist. Alvin Stoller ( October 7 1925 &ndash October 19 1992) was an American jazz drummer. In the 1960s, he recorded with Duke Ellington. Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington (April 29 1899 &ndash May 24 1974 was an American Composer, Pianist, and Bandleader.

What was up to date in jazz changed radically over the decades. When record collectors would play his early 1920s recordings during Hawkins' later years he would sometimes deny his presence on them, since the playing on the old records sounded so dated.

In his later years, Hawkins began to drink heavily and stopped recording (his last recording was in late 1966). He died of pneumonia in 1969 and is interred at the Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal This article refers to the Woodlawn Cemetery in the New York City borough of The Bronx A biography of Hawkins, The Song of the Hawk (1990), was written by British jazz historian John Chilton. John James Chilton (born 16 July 1932 in London England is a British jazz trumpeter and writer

Discography

Quotation

References

  1. ^ a b Berendt, Joachim E (1976). The Jazz Book. Universal Edition.  

External links

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