?Coimbatore Tamil Nadu • India
Coimbatore
Coordinates: 11°00′66″N 76°58′29″E / 11.01833, 76.97472
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	105. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 5 km² (41 sq mi) • 411. 2 m (1,349 ft)
District(s)	Coimbatore
Population • Density	1,965,234 (2004) • 17,779 /km² (46,047 /sq mi)
Mayor	R. A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Coimbatore District is one of the most affluent and industrially advanced districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Venkatachalam[1]
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 6410(xx) • +91-(0)422 • TN 37 and TN 38

Coordinates: 11°00′66″N 76°58′29″E / 11.01833, 76.97472 Coimbatore (Tamil: கோயம்புத்தூர்), also known as Kovai (Tamil: கோவை), is a major industrial city in India and the second largest city in the state of Tamil Nadu. A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or Post code system used by India Post the Indian Postal For the past decade or so telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. ^[2] It is the administrative headquarters of Coimbatore District. Coimbatore District is one of the most affluent and industrially advanced districts of the state of Tamil Nadu in India. It is known as Manchester of South India. It is also a part of Kongu Nadu region of Tamilnadu.

Coimbatore is known for its textile factories, engineering firms, automobile parts manufacturers, health care facilities, educational institutions, pleasant weather, hospitality and for its Kongu Tamil. Situated on the banks of the Noyyal river, Coimbatore's name comes from the local Goddess here, Koniyamman. The Noyyal River rises from the Vellingiri hills in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, southeastern India and drains into the Kaveri River. Koniyattamuttur, or "Koniyamuttur" later metamorphosed to Koyamuttur which is anglicised as Coimbatore.

Contents 1 History 2 Geography 3 Climate 4 Demographics 5 Culture 6 Coimbatore cuisine 7 Administration 8 Infrastructure 9 Economy 9.1 Early industrial developments 10 Industries today 11 Environmental issues 11.1 Air Pollution 11.2 Waste management 11.3 Tanks Revival 11.4 Education 12 Media and communication 13 Temples 13.1 Marudamalai 13.2 Perur 14 Health Care 15 List of Hospitals 16 Sports and recreation 17 References 18 External links

History

Information about the origins of Coimbatore is scarce. During the early period it was ruled by the Karur Sangam era Chera . Karur ( Tamil: கரூர்) is a town and a Municipality in Karur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu situated History In early Tamil literature the great Chera rulers are referred to as Cheral Kuttuvan Irumporai Kollipurai and Athan Later, the region passed to the Kongu Rattas and was the heartland of the Ganga kingdoms. The Western Ganga Dynasty (350 – 1000 CE ( Kannada:ಪಶ್ಚಿಮ ಗಂಗ ಸಂಸ್ಥಾನ was an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka A second Chola empire arose in the mid-9th century, and gained the territory encompassing Coimbatore. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. They established a planned layout, with the Koniamman temple in the center.

From the Cholas, then to the of Karnataka in 1291. Karnataka (ಕರ್ನಾಟಕ pronounced) is a state in the southern part of India By the early 14th century, the region was ruled by the Muslim rulers of Madurai under the Delhi Sultanate. The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए The Muslim rule in Madurai was ended in the late 14th century by the newly formed Vijayanagara Empire. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South The Vijayanagara reign brought new settlers from Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. In the 1550s, the military governors (Nayaks) of the Vijaynagara Empire took control of Madurai, with Coimbatore belonging to their territory. After the downfall of Vijayanagara Empire, the Madurai Nayaks established their state as an independent kingdom, with other Vijayanagar offshoots forming new kingdoms in Vellore, Tanjore, Gingee, Chandragiri and Mysore. Prelude Decline of Pandya Rule Muslim Invasion and Vijayanagar Domination Early in the fourteenth century a dispute arose over the succession to the Pandya throne Thanjavur ( Tamil: தஞ்சாவூர் also known by its Anglicised name Tanjore, and it is the Eleventh largest city in Tamil Nadu (after WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Gingee is a Panchayat town in Viluppuram district (erstwhile South Arcot district WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chandragiri is a small town near Tirupati in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh The Nayaks introduced the Palayakkarars, who were military governors of their respective regions. Palaiyakkarar, poligar, polygar or palegar was the title for a class of territorial administrative cum Military chiefs ( Knights and By the 1700s, frequent fighting between Madurai and Mysore forces in the Coimbatore region resulted in the region being ruled by Mysore. At this time Coimbatore was still a village of around 3000 people.

In the 1760s, the Mysore throne was usurped in a coup by General Hyder Ali. Events and Trends King George III ascends the British throne in 1760. Hyder Ali or Haidar 'Ali (c 1722 - 1782 was the de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore in southern India. Ali was hostile to the British, who were gaining a foothold in the area with the help of Arcot Nawab. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Nawabs of the Carnatic (also referred to as the Nawabs of Arcot) ruled the Carnatic region of South India between about 1690 and 1801 A series of wars between the British and the Mysore forces continued till Tipu Sultan's death in 1799, when the Mysore throne was handed over to the earlier Mysore rulers. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a At that time the British annexed the Coimbatore region into the Madras Presidency. Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St When Hyder Ali acquired Coimbatore, the population was around 3000. The village dwindled to 1500 by Tipu's death.

Coimbatore played a prominent role in the Second Poligar War against the British in 1801, when the first attack was done against the British Columns stationed in Coimbatore by the Poligars of Salem, Coimbatore and Dindigul region along with some Malabar and Mysore rebels. Polygar War or Palayakarar Wars refers to the wars fought between the Polygars ( Palayakarrars ' of former Madurai Kingdom in Tamil Palaiyakkarar, poligar, polygar or palegar was the title for a class of territorial administrative cum Military chiefs ( Knights and

In 1804 Coimbatore was established as a capital for the newly formed Coimbatore district and in 1848, it was accorded the municipality status. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or Sir Robert Stanes, a British entrepreneur and philanthropist, became the first Chairman of the Coimbatore City Council and also founded the Stanes School in 1862, a major higher secondary school that has stood until the present day as a jewel of the city. Sir Robert Stanes ( 13 May 1841 &ndash 6 September 1936) was a British businessman and philanthropist in India who founded Stanes Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School is one of the oldest schools in India.

In 1981 Coimbatore became a corporation with annexation of the Singanallur municipality. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981

Geography

Coimbatore is situated in the extreme west of Tamil Nadu, near the state of Kerala. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; It is surrounded by mountains on the west, with reserve forests and the (Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve) on the northern side. nature reserve ( natural reserve, nature preserve, natural preserve) is a Protected area of importance for Wildlife, flora The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats, Nilgiri Hills range of South India. The eastern side of the district, including the city is predominantly dry. The entire western and northern part of the district borders the Western Ghats with the Nilgiri biosphere as well as the Anaimalai and Munnar ranges. The Western Ghats ( Kannada ಸಹ್ಯಾದ್ರಿ Marathi / Konkani - सह्याद्री Sahyadri Malayalam സഹ്യപര്‍വ്വതം WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Anaimalai is a Panchayat town in Coimbatore district in the state of Tamil Nadu, Munnar ( മൂന്നാര്‍ மூணார் is a town located in Kerala state in the southern Western Ghats in South India. A western pass to Kerala, popularly referred to as the Palghat Gap provides its boundary. Palakkad Gap is a 32-42 kilometer wide low Mountain pass in the Western Ghats, near Palakkad town in the South Indian State of Kerala

Because of its close proximity to the Western Ghats, the district is rich in fauna. Fauna is all of the Animal life of any particular region or time

Coimbatore is situated on the banks of river Noyyal. Many lakes and ponds were constructed near the river during ancient periods. The Coimbatore city alone has nine lakes (wetlands). In most of the urban ecosystems, these wetlands are the major life-supporting component. They support high concentrations of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish and invertebrate species. The Coimbatore Urban wetlands harbours more than 125 species of resident and migratory birds, with August – October being the peak season. Spot-billed Pelican, Painted Stork, Open Billed Stork, Ibis, Spot-billed Duck, Teal, Black Winged Stilt are some of the migratory birds that visit Coimbatore wetlands regularly. [43]

Apart from the species common to the plains, wild elephants, wild boars leopards, tigers, bison, various species of deer, Nilgiri Tahr, sloth bear and black-headed Oriole can also be found. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. The leopard (lɛpɚd Panthera pardus) is an Old World Mammal of the Felidae family and the smallest of the four roaring The tiger ( Panthera tigris) is a member of the Felidae family the largest and the most powerful of the four " Big cats quot in the Genus The Nilgiri Tahr ( Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is an Ungulate that is Endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats The Sloth Bear ( Melursus ursinus) also known as the Lip Bear, Though originally classed as a "bear sloth" due to the shape of its claws The Black-headed Oriole ( Oriolus larvatus) is an African Passerine. The Anamalai Wildlife Sanctuary (88 km) in the Western Ghats at an altitude of 1,400 meters covers an area of 958 km². Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park (IGWLS&NP is a protected area named after Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who visited here on October 7 Among the region’s livestock animals are Kangeyam breed bulls (cross-bred by Mandradiar family in 17th century to suit the terrain). For cattle variety of the region Kangeyam bull WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kangeyam (Sanskrit Ganga+eyam = Gangeyam: seat This breed, which helped the region gain a foothold in the dairy industry, are found only in Coimbatore and neighbouring districts. More than 20% of the district is classified as forest, lying in the west and north. The forests here are abundant in commercially significant trees such as teak, sandalwood, rosewood and bamboo. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia for the film industry in India see Cinema of Karnataka Sandalwood is the name for several fragrant Woods and their Essential Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily The Nilgiris slope viz. the Mettupalayam range is rich in sandalwood trees and bamboo. Mettupalayam may refer to Mettupalayam Coimbatore Mettupalayam Tiruchirappalli They vary from rich tropical evergreen forests of Punachi range to jungles of shrubs in southern ranges. An evergreen forest is a Forest consisting entirely or mainly of Oaks trees that retain green foliage all year round

Apart from the high altitude regions of Western ghats, most of the forest area has come under Lantana invasion. Lantana is a Genus of about 150 Species of perennial Flowering plants native to tropical regions of the Americas The locals refer to it as Siriki chedi.

Climate

Coimbatore is a very pleasant, salubrious climate city situated in the western parts of the state of Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore is situated at an elevation of about 398 meters. The temperature in this part of India is quite pleasant throughout the year. The temperature during both summers and winters varies anywhere between 37 'C to 14 'C. The best time to visit Coimbatore is between the months of July to February, Highest temperature is 41°C and lowest is 12°C. ^[3]

Due to the presence of the mountain pass, major parts of the district benefit from the south-west monsoon in the months from June to August. The climate of India defies easy generalisation comprising a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale and varied topography After a warm, humid September, the regular monsoon starts from October lasting till early November. These monsoons are brought about by the retreating North-eastern monsoon. The climate of India defies easy generalisation comprising a wide range of weather conditions across a large geographic scale and varied topography Annual rainfall is 61cm^[4]

Although this rainfall is not enough to sustain the needs of the city for the entire year, small rivers like the Siruvani and Atthikadavu fulfill the city's water needs. The Siruvani river is the second sweetest water in the world and is well known for having water of the purist taste. This is because of large numbers of Amla trees present in the mountains where the Siruvani river originates; this making the Siruvani river one of the greatest assets of Coimbatore.

Coimbatore is generally a dry district apart from the Noyyal River basin and occasional over-flowing streams from the Western Ghats, which terminate in the city's large tanks. The Noyyal River rises from the Vellingiri hills in the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, southeastern India and drains into the Kaveri River. The soil is predominantly black, which is suitable for cotton cultivation, but it also has some red loamy soil. Coimbatore falls under the Class III/IV Seismic Zone, having experienced a 6. The Indian subcontinent had a long history of devastating Earthquakes The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that India continues to drive into 0 Richter scale earthquake in 1900. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer ^[5] The Salim Ali Center for Ornithology and Natural History is located at Anaikatty in Coimbatore district. Salim Ali may refer to Salim Ali (ornithologist, (1896-1987 Indian ornithologist Salim Ali (Al Qaeda, alias of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed

Demographics

As of the 2001 census,^[6] Coimbatore had a population of 1. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population 1 million within city limits and another estimated 0. 75 million under urban cover. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Coimbatore has an average literacy rate of 78%, higher than the national average of 59. 5%. Male literacy is 81% and female literacy is 74% with 11% of the population under 6 years of age.

The city's population is predominantly Hindu, along with a sizable Muslim and Christian populations. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth Sikhs and Jains are also present in smaller numbers. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. The city has a large number of Telugus (Kamma Naidus and few Telugu Chettiars), Palghat Brahmins, Malayalees / Keralites, Kannadigas (Gowda’s and Chettiars) who migrated and settled in and around Coimbatore during the 16th century. The Chettiars also Chetty, Chetti, Setty, Chitty, Shetty and Shettigar is a title commonly used by people of South Kannadiga ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡಿಗ | masculine|) or Kannadati ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡತಿ | feminine|) refers to populations for the town in Afghanistan see Gowda Afghanistan Gowda ( Gauda or Gowdru is usually the name given to the head of the Family or family The Chettiars also Chetty, Chetti, Setty, Chitty, Shetty and Shettigar is a title commonly used by people of South There is also a large population of Gujarathis and Marwaris settled more than 100 years ago. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. Also people from Konkan coast of Konkani and Tulu origins have settled in the city. The Konkan (Marathi कोकण also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad Tamil is the most widely spoken language of Coimbatore. The dialect of the Tamil language spoken here is referred to as "Kongu Tamil", often addressing younger person and strangers with respect, irrespective of class. Coimbatore's inhabitants have a satirical sense of humor, known in Tamil Nadu as "Coimbatore Kusumbu. "

Culture

The city has a multi-cultural society, mostly of cosmopolitan nature. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified Its inhabitants are largely conservative and traditional, retaining their roots in their native villages. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined

There are numerous temples in the city including the Perur Temple, the Konniamman temple and the Dhyanalinga Yogic Temple. The Dhyanalinga is a Yogic Temple located from Coimbatore, India. The Mariamman festivals, at the city’s numerous Amman temples, are a major event in summer. Goddess Māri (மாரி is known as Mariamman, "Mother Mari" (மாரியம்மன் spelt also Maariamma (மாரியம்மா Amman (ɑˈmɑːn sometimes spelled Ammann ( Arabic عمان ʿAmmān) is the Capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom A replica temple of Tirupathi is located in Valparai and another near Mettupalayam. Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Valparai (வால்பாறை in Tamil) is a Municipality in Coimbatore district of A famous ISKCONtemple is also located 9 km from the city. It is a famous temple dedicated for Lord Krishna. Marudamalai, a well known shrine to Murugan, is close to the city. Marudamalai is one of the most popular abodes of Lord Muruga and in importance it is next only to the Arupadaiveedu ("The six Fort-Houses of Muruga" Coimbatore has also been an abode for many siddhars or rishis, who were also experts in medicine, alchemy and astrology. Siddhars are saints in India mostly of the Saivaite denomination in Tamil Nadu who professed and practised an unorthodox type of Sadhana, or spiritual practice to attain liberation A rishi (ṛṣi denotes a Vedic poet by whom Vedic hymns were composed or according to post-Vedic tradition a "sage" to whom they were "originally revealed" (Ṛṣis The most prominent of them was Pambatti Siddhar who is said to have lived in Marudamalai. Pambatti siddhar was the latest from the 18 Siddhars who lived at various time periods in India and mainly southern India Many of his findings are recorded as poems. The mosques on Oppanakara Street and Big Bazaar Street date back to the period of Hyder Ali. Christian missions date back to 1647 when permission was granted by the Nayak rulers to set up a small church in Karumathampatti (12 km). See also Evangelism, Christianization A Christian mission has been widely defined since the Lausanne Congress of 1974 as that which It was destroyed by Tipu Sultan’s army resulting in a new church in 1804. In 1886, Coimbatore was constituted as a diocese after bifurcating with Pondicherry. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Puducherry (formerly; புதுச்சேரி or பாண்டிச்சேரி పాండిచెర్రి പുതുശ്ശേരി Pondichéry is a Sikh Gurudwaras and Jain Temples are also present in Coimbatore. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Many locations in the city including Kottaimedu have Muslims and Hindus living together which is also considered very sensitive as these locations become the prime target of crime during communal riots as witnessed earlier in the city.

Coimbatore cuisine

Coimbatore cuisine is predominantly south Indian with rice as its base. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Coimbatore flavours are generally fairly mild, with variations to suit the local palette. Most locals still retain their rural flavour, with many restaurants serving food over a banana leaf. Banana leaf is the leaf of the Banana plant. It is used as a decorative element for auspicious ceremonies in Hindu and Buddhist cultures North Indian, Chinese and continental cuisines are also available. Chinese cuisine ( Traditional Chinese: 中國菜 Simplified Chinese: 中国菜 originated from the various regions of China and has become widespread in Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep Mysorepa (a sweet made from lentil flour and ghee), idly, dosa, Halwa (a sweet made of different ingredients like milk) wheat, rice) and vada-sambar and Biryani are popular among the locals. Mysore pak ( Kannada: ಕನ್ನಡ is a sweet dish of Karnataka, usually served as dessert The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds Ghee ( Hindi घी ghī, Urdu گھی ghī, Punjabi ਘਿਉ/گھیو ghiu, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو History Although the precise history of the modern idli is unknown it is a very old food in southern Indian cuisine Preparation Regular dosa batter is made from Rice and split skinned Urad bean (black lentil blended with water and left to ferment overnight Types Most types of halva are relatively dense confections that are sweetened with Sugar or Honey. The recent influx of coffee shops and pizza shops has increased and serving as hangout locations for the youth.

Administration

The city is a Municipal Corporation as well as the district Headquarters. The city has two Members of Legislative Assembly representing the Coimbatore east and west constituencies, but about 20% of the city's territory is represented by the Nilgiri constituency which runs into the northern part of the city. The city has a Mayor, Deputy Mayor and several councillors elected by people representing administrative wards, as well as a corporation Commissioner to administer the city headed by the District Collector. The District Collector is a Central Indian Government appointee who is in charge of the governance of a district in a state. The District court is the highest court of appeal in Coimbatore. Despite being the largest revenue earning districts, insufficient state government funds have resulted in the city's basic infrastructure being underdeveloped.

Indira Gandhi's assassination in 1984 was followed by large scale arson and looting. Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi ( Indirā Priyadarśinī Gāndhī) ( Née: Nehru (19 November 1917 - 31 October 1984 was the Prime Minister of the The 1984 Anti-Sikh massacre took place in India after the assassination of Indira Gandhi on October 31, 1984. During the 1980s crime increased, possibly due to an abundance of liquor shops. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Hindu – Muslim riots were frequent in the late 80’s, reaching their peak in the 90’s when a massive riot occurred in the Townhall and west Coimbatore area. Recently, the crime rate has improved, possibly as a result of increased police vigilance after the 1998 bomb blasts. The 1998 Coimbatore bombings occurred on Saturday February 14 1998 in the city of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. ^[7] Unlike other major cities, shops and public transportation do not function after 11pm. Drunken driving and parking punishments are strictly enforced. Driving under the influence of alcohol ( driving while intoxicated, drunk driving, drinking and driving, drink-driving) or other drugs

Infrastructure

The city has six major arterial roads and three National Highways,

• NH-47 (Kanyakumari–Salem),
• NH-67 (Mysore–Nagappattinam) and
• NH-209 (Bangalore–Dindigul)

passing through the city. Salem ( Tamil: சேலம் is a city and a Corporation in Salem district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Mysore (maɪˈsɔɚ in English; renamed to Mysuru|ಮೈಸೂರು) (ಮೈಸೂರು is the second largest city in the state of Karnataka, India Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Dindigul (திண்டுக்கல் is a City and municipality in the Tamil Nadu state of southern India. The city has an airport (Coimbatore Airport) at Peelamedu (11 km from the city) and an air-force base at Sulur (15 km). Coimbatore Airport is an airport serving Coimbatore located in Peelamedu, which operates few international flights For the mountain in Iceland see Súlur. Sulur is a Panchayat town in Coimbatore district in the Indian state Broad gauge trains connect Coimbatore to all parts of India, with a meter gauge line connecting the city to Dindigul (this is now under gauge conversion). Broad gauge Railways use a Rail gauge (distance between the rails greater than the Standard gauge of. Indian Railways (भारतीय रेल Bhāratīya Rail) abbreviated as IR (hi भारे is a Department of the Government of India under the Ministry A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways A new bypass highway completed in 1998 has helped reduce truck traffic in the city. A bypass is a Road or Highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area town or village to let through Traffic flow without interference from Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) However, the city's roads are still underdeveloped. This has resulted in the construction of large apartment complexes in areas meant for lower population densities.

The city has a very high vehicle-to-population ratio. Town buses started operation in 1921. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Town bus services serve most parts of the city, as well as other towns and villages in the district. Buses also connect the district to all towns in Tamil Nadu, North and central Kerala, South Karnataka and Tirupathi (Andhra Pradesh). The number of mofussil routes operated by Coimbatore division is 119 with 500 buses. ^[8] The number of town buses in the city is around 800 in 228 different routes. ^[9] The city is also served by auto rickhaws. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief However, rickshaw drivers have had a reputation for fleecing passengers, resulting in competition from call taxis. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride Trains first began serving Coimbatore in 1872, upon construction of the Podanur (Coimbatore South) -Madras line connecting Kerala and the west coast with the rest of India. It is second highest revenue yielding station in Southern railways.

International flights from the airport include a direct flight to Colombo by Srilankan airlines, to Sharjah by Air Arabia and to Singapore by SilkAir. Colombo ( Sinhala:, ˈkoləmbə Tamil: கொழும்பு is the largest city and commercial capital of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Sharjah ( Arabic: الشارقة) ( pronounced /'ʃɑɹdʒə/ in English) is the third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates and Air Arabia is a low-cost airline based in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates. Singapore The runway requires expansion to handle larger planes. The Second Extension phase is under construction. Coimbatore Airport is currently serviced by

• Air India - Sharjah. Coimbatore Airport is an airport serving Coimbatore located in Peelamedu, which operates few international flights Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services
• Air Arabia - Sharjah. Air Arabia is a low-cost airline based in Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates.
• SilkAir - Singapore. SilkAir (Singapore Private Limited is an Airline based in Singapore.
• Srilankan Airlines - Colombo. SriLankan Airlines Limited (previously known as Air Lanka) is the national airline of Sri Lanka.
• Paramount Airways - Chennai, Hyderabad. Paramount Airways is an Airline based in Madurai, India. It operates scheduled services mainly targeting business travellers
• Indian Airlines - New Delhi, Mumbai, Kozhikode, Cochin, Chennai. Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily
• Jet Airways - Bangalore, Mumbai, Chennai. Jet Airways is an Airline based in Mumbai, India. It is the country's second-largest international airline after Air India and the largest
• Air Deccan - Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai.
• JetLite - New Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai.
• Kingfisher Airlines - Chennai. Kingfisher Airlines is an Airline based in Bangalore, India. It operates 218 flights a day and has a network of 38 destinations with regional and
• SpiceJet - Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai, New Delhi, Ahmedabad. SpiceJet is a Low-cost airline based in New Delhi, India. It began service in May 2005 and by 2008 it was India's second-largest low-cost

Economy

The city's primary industries are engineering and textiles. Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The district also houses the country's largest amount of hosiery and poultry industries. Hosiery is knitted coverings for the legs and feet Also referred to as legwear hosiery describes garments worn directly on the feet and Legs The term Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or Most of the industries are run by entrepreneurs, often indigenous with family based or community financing. An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome The city's industrial growth started in 1920’s and accelerated after independence, without any government assistance or the entry of external industrial houses. The city serves as the homeground for most of the well known industrialists from Tamil Nadu. Of late, information technology companies have started opening offshore development centres in the city.

Early industrial developments

When the British occupied Coimbatore, the territory connected the Malabar ports with the rest of India (apart from Konkan coast). Malabar (മലബാര്‍ is a region of southern India, lying between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. The Konkan (Marathi कोकण also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali, is a rugged section of the western coastline of India from Raigad The British later expanded their railway network in 1862, passing through Podanur to Cochin for quicker transit of raw materials required in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

In 1888, Sir Robert Stanes founded the Coimbatore Spinning and Weaving Mills (also known as Stanes Mills) in the northern edge of the town after starting a coffee curing factory in Trichy road thus kick starting the industrial journy of Coimbatore. Sir Robert Stanes ( 13 May 1841 &ndash 6 September 1936) was a British businessman and philanthropist in India who founded Spinning is an ancient textile art in which plant, animal or synthetic Fibers are twisted together to form Yarn (or thread This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. The Stanes textile mill he started is the forerunner to the huge textile industry of world repute which Coimbatore has today. Sir Robert Stanes would later assist several others in setting up their ventures. ^[10]He was to be awarded the Kaiser-I-Hind gold medal for services to Coimbatore and to education and was subsequently knighted in 1920 for his high sense of honour. Two more mills (Kalleeswara and Somasundra mills) were established in 1910. Lakshmi Mills Company commenced their operations in 1911 in Papanaickenpalayam. Lakshmi Mills Company is a major Textile Yarn and Cloth Manufacturer in Coimbatore, India. By the 1930s, several textile mills had been established around Coimbatore due to the cheap power offered by the Pykara power station.

In 1900, Swamikannu Vincent, a railway engineer, built the first cinema in South India, the "Variety Hall" (now Delite Theatres). His son Paul Vincent introduced talking motion pictures in South India. In 1922, Narayanaswamy Naidu started a workshop to repair cane crushers and cotton ginning machines. Two years later, he established the Dhandayuthapani Foundry. ^[11] Around the same time, G.D.Naidu started his unique bus service. G D Naidu ( Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu) was an Indian Inventor and Engineer who is sometimes referred He is also credited for manufacturing the first electric motor in India. In 1931, Pollachi Nachimuthu Gounder stated his transport business which grew into a multi-crore industrial and trading house. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Pollachi (பொள்ளாச்சி is a Town and a Municipality in the Coimbatore A crore is a unit in the Indian numbering system and was formerly a unit in the Persian numbering system still widely used in Bangladesh, India, Maldives In the 1940s, a Sheffield University graduate, S. The University of Sheffield is a research University, located in Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. Balasundaram Naidu from Avarampalayam in Coimbatore, started his company Textool to manufacture textile machines of his design. In 1965 another Textile family of VLB Naidu group set up Mopeds India Ltd after a technical collaboration with Motobécane of France to manufacture their legendary Motobécane Mobylette 50cc moped under the name Suvega,but, only the cetral office was in Coimbatore while the plant was set up in Tirupathi. Mopeds India Limited was a two wheeler manufacturer based in India famous for the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration with Motobécane Motobécane was a French manufacturer of Bicycles Mopeds Motorcycles and other small vehicles established in 1923 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Motobécane was a French manufacturer of Bicycles Mopeds Motorcycles and other small vehicles established in 1923 The Mobylette was a model of Moped manufactured by French manufacturer Motobecane during the second half of 20th century Mopeds are a class of low-powered (typically under 50 cc displacement) motorized vehicle generally two or three wheeled Tirupati ( Telugu: తిరుపతి is the richest pilgrimage city (of any religious faith in the world located in the state of Andhra Pradesh in India

The manufacture of Wet grinders, considered to be India’s only product and engineering invention, later spun-off into several variants. Wet grinders are popular South Indian kitchen appliances used to make batter out of soaked grains and Lentils Traditional wet grinders are manually operated and LMW and Pricol would commence operations later growing into a multi-crore group. Lakshmi Machine Works Limited or popularly known as LMW is one of India 's largest Textile machinery and CNC manufacturer based in Coimbatore

Coimbatore was also a major movie hub in 1930's and 1940's with two fully equipped studios, Central Studios and Pakshiraja Studios. Central Studios was a Motion picture Movie studio in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, started by B Many laterday Tamil Movie stars started or spent their early career in these studios.

Industries today

Coimbatore is the highest revenue earning district in Tamil Nadu. Coimbatore is called the Manchester of South India due to its extensive textile industry, fed by the surrounding cotton fields. The Textile industry (also known in the United Kingdom and Australia as the Rag Trade) is a term used for industries primarily concerned with the design Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp It is also called as the pump city of INDIA. The City houses large number of small scale engineering companies. The motor and pump industry supplies two thirds of India’s requirements, while its wet-grinder industry has a near monopoly. However, agriculture is still the major occupation in the district as in any other part of the Country. General trade attracts people from all over the state including the neighbouring Kerala. The neighbouring town of Tirupur is home to Asia’s largest garment manufacturing companies, exporting hosiery clothes worth more than Rs. 50,000 million. Tirupur (திருப்பூர் is a textile city and is the seventh largest municipal corporation among the 10 municipal corporations in the Coimbatore District The rupee (रुपया ( code: INR) is the Currency of India. Coimbatore is also emerging as an IT and BPO city. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support

Textool offered a prototype of Sten Guns to the Indian Government after independence. The Sten (or Sten gun) was a family of British 9 mm Submachine guns used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces throughout They developed the first in-house designed car in the 1960s, which never saw the light of day due to the license raj. Licence Raj refers to the elaborate licences regulations and the accompanying Red tape that were required to set up business in India between 1947 and They made several prototypes until the 1990s. They successfully manufactured India's first indigenously developed diesel engines in 1972 for cars and their own CNC lathes in 1982. The abbreviation CNC stands for computer numerical control, and refers specifically to a computer "controller" that reads G-code A lathe (ˈleɪð is a Machine tool which spins a block of material to perform various operations such as Cutting, Sanding, Knurling Today their spin-off company, Jayem Automotives, offers R & D services to Mahindra, Tata Motors and Hindustan Motors. Tata Motors Limited', formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Mumbai Hindustan Motors is an Automobile manufacturer from India It is part of the C K Birla group

Maruti Udyog and Tata Motors source up to 30% of their automotive components from Coimbatore. Maruti Suzuki India Limited ( Hindi: मारुति सुज़ूकी इंडिया लिमिटेड is a publicly listed Automaker in The city also houses numerous jewellers engaged in jewellery exports. L&T has opened a 400 acre plant on Eachanari bypass road. ^[12] Wind Energy major Suzlon has planned to setup a foundry & machine shop in Coimbatore which could be the largest corporate facility of its kind so far in the southern city of Tamil Nadu. ^[13] Along with it Hansen Transmission, a Belgian Company which manufactures gearboxes for windmills is setting up a plant here with an investment of Rs 940 cr. ^[14]

Some of the major industries are Lakshmi Machine Works(LMW), Premier Instruments & Control Limited(PRICOL), ELGI Equipments, Revathi Equipment Limited(REL), Shanti gears, LGB, Roots Industries, Pump industries like CRI Pumps, Deccan Pumps, Texmo Industries, and Research and Development Organisations like Tamil Nadu Agricultural University[6], CONTRIVE Group [www. contrivegroup. com], South India Textile Research Association[www. sitra. org. in], contribute a lot to the city. other industries LMW, PSG, Sakthi group contribute a lot, and the now closed South India Viscose are one of the major employers in the city.

Coimbatore also has a 160,000 square feet trade fair ground, built in 1999. It was named COINTEC due to its hosting of INTEC (Small Industries Exhibition)[7]. The Trade Fair complex, one of the country's largest, was built in six months, and is owned by CODISSIA (Coimbatore District Small Industries Association)[8]. It is also the country's largest pillar-free hall, according to the Limca Book of Records. ^[15]

The IT industry in Coimbatore is nascent, with CSS Corp,Cognizant, Perot Systems, Robert Bosch.

Environmental issues

Air Pollution

Coimbatore's air quality is worsening, thanks to the city's heavy industrialisation. In 1990’s the State Government and pollution control board took major steps to re-locate the steel foundries out of the city. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in The foundries were established in 50's and 60’s when there were no residential areas nearby, but expansion had to give way. The textile mills are all equipped with air treatment towers. The results of such an exercise is yet to be realized.

Waste management

The city has no proper underground drainage or sewage system. Garbage is collected by the Corporation (sometimes systems developed by the locals). The city's hospitals have no proper bio-waste management scheme. Drainage is pumped into the remaining tanks through streams. During the 80’s, corporation planned on closing the tanks due to encroachment by filling with waste. But as a result of outcries from associations, the tanks are being renovated by the city's environmental groups with their own fund-raising. From mid 90’s, corporation authorities are keeping public encroachments under check.

The Bio-Medical waste dumped in Podanur Vellalur road has sparked lot of angry demonstrations by the locals in Vellalur village, but the local government is yet to solve this issue.

Tanks Revival

Siruthuli,^[16] an environmental organisation initiated by the city's industrial houses, has embarked in de-silting of tanks and cleaning of the Noyyal river. Siruthuli is a NGO based in Coimbatore India which works to rejuvenate the water sources in the city of Coimbatore. Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay Citizen Voice Club is one of the most active clubs in raising civic issues.

Education

Main article: Schools in Coimbatore

Educational institutions played a major role in the city's development. The following is a list of educational institutions in Coimbatore PSG College of Technology, also called PSG Tech, is an ISO 90012000 certified institute located in Coimbatore in the state of Tamil Nadu, The year 1867 saw the first group of students appearing for the SSLC Examinations. Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education, established in 1910 is under the purview of the Department of Education Governemnt of Tamil Nadu India. The city today has more than a dozen engineering colleges, two medical colleges, an air-force administrative college, a forest college, more than 75 arts and science colleges and 3 universities, churning out about 35,000 graduates every year. The earliest educational institutions were CSI Higher Secondary School (1831), St. Michaels School (1860), Stanes High School (1862), St. Francis Anglo Indian Girls High School(1880), Sarvajana High School (1910) in Peelamedu, Suburban Higher Secondary School (1917), Mani higher secondary school (1954), Carmel Garden Matriculation Higher Secondary School (1964) and Lisieux Matriculation Higher Secondary School (1972). WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Peelamedu is a part of the Coimbatore city

The first college was the Government Arts College (1875-76). The first engineering college was started by PSG (P. PSG College of Technology, also called PSG Tech, is an ISO 90012000 certified institute located in Coimbatore in the state of Tamil Nadu, S. Govindasamy Naidu) and Sons (1926) as a polytechnic and industrial training institute, later offering graduate programmes including textile engineering. Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable Industrial Training Institute (ITI's are training institute which provide training in technical field in India G.D. Naidu started Hope College (named after Sir Arthur Hope, then Governor of Madras Presidency), offering technical education in civil, mechanical, electronics, electrical, and automobile engineering. G D Naidu ( Gopalswamy Doraiswamy Naidu) was an Indian Inventor and Engineer who is sometimes referred Later it became the Government College of Technology, Coimbatore (aka. The Government College of Technology Coimbatore ( GCT) is an autonomous state funded engineering college located in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India . . GCT). The Coimbatore Institute of Technology(1956) was started by MIT and Sloan alumni P. The Coimbatore Institute of Technology (CIT is one of the leading DOTE engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu located at Coimbatore, India. R. Ramakrishnan.

Coimbatore Medical College (1966) started functioning on land granted by some industrial families. Coimbatore Medical College is a State Government-run Medical College recognized by the Medical Council of India Later in 1987 PSG and Sons started PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (1971) has successfully developed several high yielding varieties of rice and millets. The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU came into being on June 1 1971. The University has seven constituent colleges and thirty two research stations spread over Tamil nadu. Government Law College (1978) started functioning in order to fulfil the long felt need for legal education in the district. Tamilnadu College of Engineering was established in 1984. Tamilnadu College of Engineering also known as TCE is a private self financing Engineering College situated in Coimbatore Tamil Nadu For the records, Tamilnadu College of Engineering has the distinction of being the First Self-Financing Engineering College in Tamil Nadu. Karunya Institute of Technology ( Karunya University ) started in the year 1986 was the first autonomous self financing college it is now a University. Karunya University (formerly Karunya Institute of Technology & Sciences is a fully residential Pro-Christian private university located in Coimbatore India. Sri Krishna College Of Engineering&Technology started in the year 1998 is also worth mentioning.

A world class Central University is going to be established in Coimbatore soon.

Media and communication

The city has two major English dailies, The Hindu [9] and The New Indian Express [10]. The Hindu is a single-edition English-language Indian newspaper The New Indian Express is a newspaper with its head office based in Chennai India Tamil language dailies include Dina Malar[11], Dina Thanthi[12], Dina Mani[13] and Dinakaran[14] with two other dailies Tamil Murasu[15] and Malar[www. Dinamalar (literally daily bloom) Tamil daily was launched at Thiruvanthapuram on 6 September 1951 Dina Thanthi (or Dina Thandi) or "Daily Thanti" is daily Tamil Newspaper in Chennai, Coimbatore, Dina Mani or "Daily Mani" is daily Tamil Newspaper in Chennai and Coimbatore, India. Dinakaran is daily Tamil Newspaper published from the major cities in Tamil Nadu, India. Tamil Murasu (தமிழ் முரசு is a Singapore based Tamil language newspaper maalaimalar. com] published in the evening. A short wave radio station is operated by All India Radio, with most programmes in Tamil, English and Hindi. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی Five FM radio stations operate from Coimbatore, Rainbow FM by All India Radio and Suryan FM[16] by the Sun Network. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that ^[17] Radio Mirchi, Radio City, and Hello FM started their operations recently. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. ^[18]. ^[19]. ^[20]. All these private radio stations air exclusively Tamil based programmes, including film music. Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. The range of these stations cover Coimbatore, Erode and Ooty districts of Tamil Nadu; Palakkad and Wayanad districts of Kerala. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details -->       Erode ( Tamil: ஈரோடு) is one of the ten municipal corporations WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ooty, short for Ootacamund (officially Udhagamandalam Tamil: உதகமண்டலம் Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. For the district with the same name see Palakkad District. Palakkad, also known as Palghat (anglicized is a town and a Municipality Wayanad District, in the north-east of Kerala, India, was formed on November 1 1980 as the 12th district by carving out areas from

Television relay started in 1985 from Delhi Doordarshan. Doordarshan (दूरदर्शन literally Tele-Vision) is the public television broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati, a public In 1986, after inception of a repeater tower at Kodaikanal, telecast from Madras Doordarshan commenced. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kodaikanal (also known as Kodai) is a city and a Taluk division of Dindigul district The people of Coimbatore witnessed the 1980 Olympics and 1983 Cricket World Cup on a giant screen in VOC Park when the city-based UMS developed a dish antenna for satellite signal reception. The 1983 Cricket World Cup (aka Prudential Cup, 1983 was the third edition of the tournament Television reception is through DTH or by Cable, while "Doordarshan" reception is still available using an external antenna. In 2005, Doordarshan opened its studio in Coimbatore. ^[21]

Coimbatore has good communication infrastructure, with all major service providers involved. It is the headquarters for the Tamil Nadu circle of cellular service providers, with Aircel having its headquarters in Coimbatore. Services available are DOT landline, CDMA and GSM. Code division multiple access ( CDMA) is a Channel access method utilized by various radio communication technologies GSM ( Global System for Mobile communications: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for Mobile phones in the Fiber optic cables were laid in 2001, improving internet access which had begun with the establishment of a dial-up connection in 1996. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length karunya institute of tech

Temples

The city has two major temples, Marudamalai and Perur. Marudamalai is one of the most popular abodes of Lord Muruga and in importance it is next only to the Arupadaiveedu ("The six Fort-Houses of Muruga" WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Perur is a Panchayat town in Coimbatore district in the Indian state of

Marudamalai

The word "Marudhachalapathy" or "Maruthamalai Andavar" means Master of Hills, abounding in Marudha trees. The name has also a legendary origin. A Siddha, overcome by excessive thirst and tiredness, sought shelter under the shade of a Marudha tree and prayed to the mercy of the Lord Muruga for a shower of water, which sprang at once as though by a miracle from beneath the tree. for the towns in Nepal see Siddha Nepal A siddha சித்தா in Tamil means "one who is accomplished" and refers to As water gushed out from the roots of the marudha tree, the Siddha leaped in joy, glorifying Muruga as the Lord of "Marudha" and "Jalam" (water) with the passage of time, "Marudhajalapathi" became "Marudhachalapathy".

According to epic, a saint prayed to God sitting under a marudha tree for helping him quench his thirst and tiredness. Soon he noticed water springing from beneath the tree. Overwhelmed, he pronounced 'Lord Muruga' as the Lord of Marudhajalapathi. In due course it became 'Marudamalai'. History has it that Pambatti Siddhar, was originally a snake charmer and was initiated into the world of philosophy by a Siddhar by name Sattai munivar. Pambatti Siddhar is said to have performed several miracles, and written extensively on herbal medicine. His songs are addressed to snakes.

Location of the temple: Sri Subramanyasami temple is located at Marudamalai, 13 km North - West of Coimbatore, Industrial city of Tamil Nadu, India. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India.

Perur

The Garba graha of this temple was built by Karikala Chola in the early Christian era. Karikala Chola ( Tamil: கரிகால சோழன்) was the greatest among the early Chola kings of the Sangam age in South India It is a Shiva shrine with a Swayambumoorthy. Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva

The Sthalapuranam states that when the calf of Kamadhenu was playing in the forest of arasu trees its legs got plunged into a hard object from which blood gushed out. It was then discovered that the object was nothing but a sacred Siva Lingam. This led a temple to be built here. It was built over the Moolasthanam and worshipped by the Saivaites. The place became a Vaipu Sthalam in Saivalore. Since it was sung by Saint Appar and by Saint Sundarar in their Devaram. The temple is located in Perur, 6 km from Coimbatore on the Siruvani main road. The Temple attracts a large concourse of people from throughout the land.

Health Care

The city has numerous hospitals. Apart from the Government hospital, several multi-facility hospitals function in the city. The district's health department is amongst the best in terms of implementing government-initiated health schemes. Also, several rare surgical procedures have taken place here. The polio eradication programme is heavily assisted by the city's Rotary Clubs, who also regularly donate ambulances for smaller hospitals. The global eradication of poliomyelitis is a Public health effort to eliminate all cases of Poliomyelitis (polio infection Rotary International is an organization of Service clubs known as Rotary Clubs located all over the world The city also has numerous homeopathic clinics run by NGOs.

Coimbatore: An emerging healthcare destination

Fast pace of industrialisation, spiraling population and the increase in the health awareness have led to the growth of the healthcare industry in Coimbatore. The city stands second to Chennai in the Tamilnadu for highly affordable and quality healthcare deliveries of international standards.

Coimbatore is also the preferred healthcare destination to the floating population from nearby towns and districts and also nearby districts of Kerala. The growth of the hospitals in the city can be attributed to the vision of the industrialists here to bridge the gap between growing health needs and the existing services. Many of the private hospitals in the city are promoted by industrialists as an extension of their business portfolio and their service to the society.

The first healthcare centre started in 1909, later became the Coimbatore Medical College Hospital (CMCH) during 1960s. Being the head quarter of the district government hospital, CMCH with a capacity of 1150 beds treats more than 20 lakh patients every year. The history of large private players coming to the healthcare scenario started with the commencing of the G Kuppusamy Naidu Memorial Hospital (GKNMH). It was started 50 years ago by the Kuppusamy Naidu Memorial Trust primarily as a speciality hospital for gynaecology and paediatrics. Over years, it developed into a multi speciality hospital with 300 beds.

Notably, majority of the big private players in the city are registered as trust hospitals. The ushering in of the corporate multi speciality hospital a decade ago has intensified the competition among the private hospitals. This intense competition has necessitated advanced medical technology and better patient care. Few of the super speciality hospitals in the city have also slowly moved into specialities like cardiac care, cancer treatment and eye care. Amidst the super speciality and multi speciality hospitals also function wide range of speciality hospitals. To maintain and extend their patient base, few of the these hospitals have also added on other disciples that can be accommodated with the existing specialities. Patients who used to travel to other metros now have healthcare deliveries at their doorstep. Apart from providing healthcare services of international standards, hospitals in Coimbatore are also trendsetters. When hospitals in Mumbai and Bangalore are in the infant stages of establishing hospital networking, hospitals in Coimbatore have already taken a lead. KG Hospitals has tied-up with more than ten clinics in the nearby towns to provide expert medical consultancy. These clinics would refer to the partner hospital for tertiary care of its patients. A year back, KG Hospital also established a satellite diagnostic at Tirupur. According to Dr G Bakthavatsalam, chairman, K G Hospital, the satellite diagnostic centre is an extension of the hospital and its services. The satellite centre equipped with the state-of-the-art medical devices is helpful to the medical fraternity and the people of Tirupur to undertake preliminary investigations at ease. Similarly KMCH has also established a diagnostic centre, which it calls as a city centre to provide primary and secondary care. Hospitals here are also engaged in emergency networks, clinical trials and other new concepts that are explored by the hospitals elsewhere in the country to increase the patient base and satisfaction. Private hospitals in the city have also joined with NGOs in community service by establishing trauma care centers and emergency networks. The trauma care project implemented by the private hospitals in association with Rotary along the National Highway is one such. A group of private hospitals, government hospital and the communication department have also joined hands to set up an emergency medical service system in the city.

With a large array of multi speciality and speciality hospitals existing and rendering yeomen service, can the city absorb new comers? The demand and the supply is not in perfect sync and the gap has to be bridged by few more hospitals, say experts.

Coimbatore is all set to emerge as one of the important hub for medical tourism. The Ganga Medical Center and Hospitals have been leaders in trauma, orthopedic and plastic surgery care. They have recently relocated to the Mettupalayam Road. The hospital regularly hosts international conferences ion Orthopedics, Plastic Surgery and Anaesthesia. Kovai Medical Center & Hospital(KMCH)[17], G Kuppusamy Naidu Memorial Hospital(GKNM), KG Hospital^[22], PSG Hospitals & Ramakrishna Hospital^[23] are major super speciality hospitals. There are other hospitals with specialisation areas. Ganga Hospital(Orthopaedics, Neuro-Surgery ^[24]), GEM Hospital (Laparoscopic procedures)^[25]. Coimbatore Christian medical center for the poor and needy CCH^[26]

List of Hospitals

• Ganga Hospital [www. gangahospital. com]
• KTVR Group Hospital [18].
• Sankara Eye Centre Sri Kanchi Kamakoti Medical Trust.
• Kovai Medical Center and Hospital (KMCH).
• The Eye Foundation.
• MedIndia Hospitals (MIH).
• Siloam Thomas Eye Hospital.
• G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital.
• Lotus Eye Care Hospital.
• Sheela Hospital.
• Ellen Hospital.
• Rao Hospital.
• Coimbatore Diabetes Foundation.
• Vedanayagam Hospital Pvt Ltd.
• Naveen Hospital.
• Coimbatore Kidney Centre.
• Sri Ramakrishna Hospital.
• Richmond Hospital.
• Arvind Eye Hospital.
• Kongunad Hospital (P) Ltd.
• Ponniah Hospital.
• PSG Hospitals.
• Lalithaa Hospital.
• Vikram ENT Hospital & Research Institute.
• Arya Vaidya Chikitsalayam & Research Institute (Unit of AVP (Cbe) Limited).
• Coimbatore Kidney Stone Centre.
• Diabetes Care & Research Centre.
• Kalpana Hospital.
• Kovai Diabetes Speciality Centre.
• CSR Nursing Home.
• The Balakishnan Hospital.
• Aparna Hospital.
• Surya Hospital.
• Balaji Nursing Home.
• Kanthaswamy Siddha Hospital.
• Saravana Surgery.
• Karunya Rural Community Hospital.
• Sri Kumar Hospital - Kaundampalayam

Sports and recreation

Motor sports plays a large part in the city, with Coimbatore often referred to as the "Motor sports Capital of India" and the "Backyard of Indian Motorsports". Kari Motor Speedway is a purpose built Auto racing circuit or Race track, situated in the outskirts of Coimbatore, India. ^[27] Some wealthy industrialists, such as S.Karivardhan, who had a penchant for tinkering with machines and cars, plunged into motor racing, later making Coimbatore the country's motor racing hub. Sundaram Karivardhan or short Kari ( June 20, 1954 Coimbatore, India – August 24, 1995 in the same town was The city has a Formula 3 Category circuit, as well as three Go-Kart circuits. National Champion races for Formula racing (Cars), Motorcycle racing, Go-Kart racing are held in Kari Motor Speedway. Formula racing is a term that refers to various forms of open wheeled single seater motorsport. Motorcycle sport is a broad field that encompasses all Sporting aspects of Motorcycling. For other meanings see Kart (disambiguation Kart racing or karting is a variant of Open-wheel Motor sport with Kari Motor Speedway is a purpose built Auto racing circuit or Race track, situated in the outskirts of Coimbatore, India. ^[28] . Super Speeds designs and constructs almost all Formula cars. Super Speeds is a company in India which designs and constructs open wheeled Formula Cars for Indian National championship series Rallying is another major event with all teams based in Coimbatore. Rallying is a form of motor competition that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars Rallies are conducted in closed roads around Coimbatore districts. Narain Karthikeyan is the city's most famous driver, being the first Indian to enter Formula 1 in 2005 with Team Jordan. "Narain" redirects here For the historian see AK Narain. Early history Jordan's success in lower formulae inspired the creation of a Formula One programme for the 1991 season. Also he is the First & only Indian to win A1GP World Championship Race. Other famous motorsport personalities from Coimbatore are former Formula 3 driver J.Anand and seven time national rallying champions N. Formula Three, also called Formula 3 or F3, is a class of open-wheel formula racing. J Anand was a popular and successful Racing driver from Coimbatore, India during the 80's and 90's Leela Krishnan and V. R. Naren Kumar. National Championship In India he won four championships for Team MRFincluding an Asia Zone Championship in Honda Civic then switched to Team JK who themselves reappeared

The city is also known for its antique bikes, cars and jeeps. Many prominent industrialists own antique automobiles.

Nehru stadium, built originally for football, can also host athletic meets. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Now Synthetic track is constructed and Korean grass in the center. ^[29]Apart from the stadium, the city also has several sports clubs. The prominent tennis player Nirupama Vaidyanathan hails from Coimbatore. Nirupama Vaidyanathan is an Indian female international Tennis player ^[30]. The Coimbatore Golf Club^[31] is home to a major 18-hole golf course. The Coimbatore Golf Club is a 18 hole golf course located in the village of Chettipalayam on the outskirts of Coimbatore city in the state of Tamil Nadu in The Coimbatore Cosmopolitan Club, which is more than 100 years old,^[32] was founded for Indian members only, in response to the English Coimbatore Club, which did not admit Indians until the 1950s. Coimbatore Cosmopolitan Club is a Club started in 1891by a group of local citizens of Coimbatore. The Coimbatore Flying Club is located in the Coimbatore airport premises. ^[33]

Though there are a lot of entertainment centres mushrooming in the city, visiting the cinema still remains the city's most popular recreational activity. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 ^[34]

References

• Kovai @ Anywhere-Anytime!

External links

• Catch Kovai on your Mobile
• Coimbatore District Administration
• Municipal Corporation
• Coimbatore Digest
• Coimbatore at the Open Directory Project

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

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