"Discussing the War in a Paris Café", Illustrated London News 17 September 1870

A coffeehouse^[a] (French/Spanish/Portuguese: café; Italian: caffè, German: café or Kaffeehaus, Turkish: Kahvehane) is an establishment which primarily serves prepared coffee or other hot beverages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. It shares some of the characteristics of a bar, and some of the characteristics of a restaurant, but it is different from a cafeteria. A bar (also called a Pub or Tavern) is a business that serves drinks especially Alcoholic beverages such as beer liquor and mixed drinks for consumption A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. InfosysElectronicCityCafeteriaJPG|thumb|250px|right|One of a number of cafeterias at Electronic City campus Infosys Technologies Ltd As the name suggests, coffeehouses focus on providing coffee and tea as well as light snacks. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market This differs from a café, which is an informal restaurant, offering a range of hot meals, and possibly being licensed to serve alcohol. Many coffee houses in the Muslim world, and in Muslim districts in the West, offer shisha, powdered tobacco smoked through a hookah. The term Muslim world (or Islamic world) has several meanings A hookah (हुक़्क़ा حقّہ hukkah) is a single or multi-stemmed (often glass-based water pipe for Smoking. In establishments where it is tolerated - which may be found notably in the Netherlands, especially in Amsterdam - cannabis may be smoked as well. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a

From a cultural standpoint, coffeehouses largely serve as centers of social interaction: the coffeehouse provides social members with a place to congregate, talk, write, read, entertain one another, or pass the time, whether individually or in small groups.

History

Storyteller (meddah) at a coffeehouse in the Ottoman Empire

Since the 15th century, the coffeehouse (al-maqhah in Arabic, qahveh-khaneh in Persian or Kahvehane or kıraathane in Turkish) has served as a social gathering place in Middle Eastern countries where men assemble to drink coffee (usually Arabic coffee) or tea, listen to music, read books, play chess and backgammon, and perhaps hear a recitation from the works of Antar or from Shahnameh. The culture of the Ottoman Empire evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turks absorbed adapted and modified the cultures of conquered The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. This article deals with methods of preparation of a drink for the species of coffee plant see Coffea arabica. Shāhnāmé, or Shāhnāma ((alternative spellings are Shahnama Shahnameh Shahname Shah-Nama, etc In 1457 the first coffeehouse, Kiva Han, was opened in Istanbul, just four years after its conquest by the Ottomans. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Coffeehouses in Mecca soon became a concern as places for political gathering s to the imams who banned them, and the drink, for Muslims between 1512 and 1524. Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored In 1530 the first coffee house was opened in Damascus [1], and not long after there were many coffee houses in Cairo. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt.

In the 17th century, coffee appeared for the first time in Europe outside the Ottoman Empire, and coffeehouses were established and quickly became popular. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The first coffeehouses in Western Europe appeared in Venice, due to the traffics between La Serenissima and the Ottomans; the very first one is recorded in 1645. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica The first coffeehouse in England was set up in Oxford in 1650 by a Jewish man named Jacob. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Oxford is currently bidding for the 2010 Wikimania Conference Oxford () is a city, and the County town of Oxfordshire, PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ ^[1] Oxford's Queen's Lane Coffee House, established in 1654, is still in existence today. Queen's Lane Coffee House is a historic Coffee house dating from 1654, the oldest still in existence in Oxford, England. The first coffeehouse in London was opened in 1652 in St Michael's Alley, Cornhill. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Cornhill is a ward, and one of the principal streets of the City of London, the historic nucleus of modern London. The proprietor was Pasqua Rosée, the Armenian servant of a trader in Turkish goods named Daniel Edwards, who imported the coffee and assisted Rosée in setting up the establishment^[2][3]. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language Boston had its first in 1670. Pasqua Rosée also established Paris' first coffeehouse in 1672 and held a city-wide coffee monopoly until Francesca Procopio dei Coltelli opened The Cafe Le Procope [2]in 1686 ^[4]. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This coffeehouse still exists today and was a major locus of the French Enlightenment; Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot frequented it, and it is arguably the birthplace of the Encyclopédie, the first modern encyclopedia. The Age of Enlightenment or The Enlightenment is a term used to describe a phase in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the eighteenth century François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French Denis Diderot ( October 5, 1713 – July 31, 1784) was a French Philosopher and writer Encyclopédie ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences des arts et des métiers (Encyclopedia or a systematic dictionary of the sciences arts and crafts was a general

Though Charles II later tried to suppress the London coffeehouses as "places where the disaffected met, and spread scandalous reports concerning the conduct of His Majesty and his Ministers", the public flocked to them. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. They were great social levellers, open to all men and indifferent to social status, and as a result associated with equality and republicanism. More generally, coffee houses became meeting places where business could be carried on, news exchanged and the London Gazette (government announcements) read. The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record of the British government, and the most important among such official journals in the UK in which certain Lloyd's of London had its origins in a coffeehouse run by Edward Lloyd, where underwriters of ship insurance met to do business. For the film see Lloyd's of London (film. Lloyd's of London is a British Insurance market Edward Lloyd (died 1730 ran the Lloyd's Coffee House in London which became a meeting place for merchants & shipowners By 1739 there were 551 coffeehouses in London; each attracted a particular clientele divided by occupation or attitude, such as Tories and Whigs, wits and stockjobbers, merchants and lawyers, booksellers and authors, men of fashion or the "cits" of the old city center. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Stockjobbers were institutions that acted as market makers in the London Stock Exchange. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically According to one French visitor, the Abbé Prévost, coffeehouses, "where you have the right to read all the papers for and against the government," were the "seats of English liberty. Antoine François Prévost ( Antoine François Prévost d'Exiles) ( April 1, 1697 - December 23, 1763) usually known simply as the "

Coffeehouse in Palestine. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.

The banning of women from coffehouses was not universal, but does appear to have been common in Europe. In Germany women frequented them, but in England and France they were banned^[5]. Émilie du Châtelet purportedly wore drag to gain entrance to a coffehouse in Paris ^[6]. Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil marquise du Châtelet ( December 17, 1706 &ndash September 10, 1749) was a French In a well-known engraving of a Parisian coffeehouse of c. 1700 [3], the gentlemen hang their hats on pegs and sit at long communal tables strewn with papers and writing implements. Coffeepots are ranged at an open fire, with a hanging cauldron of boiling water. The only woman present presides, separated in a canopied booth, from which she serves coffee in tall cups. Sex segregation is the separation of people according to their Gender.

Traditional Café Central in Vienna, Austria

The traditional tale of the origins of Viennese coffeehouses begins with the mysterious sacks of green beans left behind when the Turks were defeated in the Battle of Vienna in 1683. Café Central is a Coffeehouse in Vienna. It is located in the Innere Stadt district at Herrengasse 14 in the former Bank and Stockmarket Building ( Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Viennese café (Wiener Kaffeehaus is a typical institution of Vienna that still plays an important role in Viennese culture and tradition The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci All the sacks of coffee were granted to the victorious Polish king Jan III Sobieski, who in turn gave them to one of his officers, Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki. Poland, or at least its nucleus was ruled at various times either by książęta (Dukes(ca John III Sobieski, (Jan III Sobieski (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696 was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Jerzy Franciszek Kulczycki (1640– February 19, 1694) of the Sas coat of arms was a member of Polish Szlachta of Ukrainian Kulczycki began the first coffeehouse in Vienna with the hoard. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. However, it is now widely accepted that the first coffeehouse was actually opened by an Armenian merchant named Johannes Diodato^[7].

In London, coffeehouses preceded the club of the mid-18th century, which skimmed away some of the more aristocratic clientele. A club is an association of people united by a common interest or goal Jonathan's Coffee-House in 1698 saw the listing of stock and commodity prices that evolved into the London Stock Exchange. Jonathan's Coffee-House in Change Alley ( Exchange Alley) is famous as the original site of the London Stock Exchange. The London Stock Exchange or LSE is a Stock exchange located in London, England. Auctions in salesrooms attached to coffeehouses provided the start for the great auction houses of Sotheby's and Christie's. Sotheby's ( is the world's second oldest Auction house in continuous operation (the oldest being Stockholms Auktionsverk founded in 1674 Christie's is a leading art business and a fine arts Auction house In Victorian England, the temperance movement set up coffeehouses for the working classes, as a place of relaxation free of alcohol, an alternative to the public house (pub). Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types

Coffee shops in the United States arose from the espresso- and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses of the Italian-American immigrant communities in the major U. Espresso or caffè espresso ( often mispronounced as expresso) is a concentrated Coffee beverage brewed by forcing very hot water An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship S. cities, notably New York City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and San Francisco's North Beach. The City of New York Little Italy is a neighborhood in lower Manhattan, New York City, once known for its large population of Italians. Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan Boston 's North End is the City 's oldest residential community where people have lived continuously since it was settled in the 1630s The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city North Beach is a neighborhood in the northeast of San Francisco adjacent to Chinatown and Fisherman's Wharf. Both Greenwich Village and North Beach were major haunts of the Beats, who became highly identified with these coffeehouses. As the youth culture of the 1960s evolved, non-Italians consciously copied these coffeehouses. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Before the rise of the Seattle-based Starbucks chain, Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest had a thriving countercultural coffeehouse scene; Starbucks standardized and mainstreamed this model. Starbucks Corporation ( is an international Coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle Washington. The Pacific Northwest is a region in the northwest of North America (the term refers to the land not the ocean Counterculture (also " counter-culture " is a sociological term used to describe the values and norms of behavior of a Cultural group, or

The first Starbucks store, in Seattle, Washington

In the United States, from the late 1950s onward, coffeehouses also served as a venue for entertainment, most commonly folk performers. See also Folk (disambiguation, Volk (disambiguation Folk is one of the Germanic roots that mean "(of the people" or "our This was likely due to the ease at accommodating a lone performer accompanying themself only with a guitar, even with limited floorspace; the political nature of much of 1960s folk music made the music a natural tie-in with coffeehouses with their above-referenced association with political action. A number of well known performers like Joan Baez and Bob Dylan began their careers performing in coffeehouses. Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Blues singer Lightnin' Hopkins bemoaned his woman's inattentiveness to her domestic situation due to her overindulgence in coffeehouse socializing, in his 1969 Coffeehouse Blues. The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Sam "Lightnin’" Hopkins ( March 15 1912 — January 30 1982 Houston's poet -in-residence for 35 years Hopkins Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

From the 1960s through the mid-1980s, many churches and individuals in the United States used the coffeehouse concept for outreach. They were often storefronts and had names like The Gathering Place (Riverside, CA), The Lost Coin (New York City), and Jesus For You (Buffalo, NY). Christian music (guitar-based) was performed, coffee and food was provided, and Bible studies were convened as people of varying backgrounds gathered in a casual "unchurchy" setting. These coffeehouses usually had a rather short life, about three to five years or so on average. An out-of-print book, published by the ministry of David Wilkerson, titled, A Coffeehouse Manual, served as a guide for Christian coffeehouses, including a list of name suggestions for coffeehouses.

Format

See also: List of coffeehouse chains

Coffeehouses in the United States often sell pastries or other food items

Cafes may have an outdoor section (terrace, pavement or sidewalk cafe) with seats, tables and parasols. This is a list of Coffeehouse chains around the world This list excludes the many companies which operate coffeeshops within Retail establishments notably bookstores This article describes Pastry in food For the Distributed Hash Table system see Pastry_(DHT. A sidewalk (chiefly North American English) pavement ( British English and Philadelphia dialect) footpath ( Australian English This is especially the case with European cafes. Cafes offer a more open public space compared to many of the traditional pubs they have replaced, which were more male dominated with a focus on drinking alcohol.

One of the original uses of the cafe, as a place for information exchange and communication, was reintroduced in the 1990s with the Internet cafe or Hotspot (Wi-Fi). A hotspot is a venue that offers Wi-Fi access to the Internet The spread of modern style cafes to many places, urban and rural, went hand in hand with computers. Computers and Internet access in a contemporary-styled venue helps to create a youthful, modern, outward-looking place, compared to the traditional pubs or old-fashioned diners that they replaced.

International variation

American coffee shops are also often connected with indie, jazz and acoustic music, and will often have them playing either live or recorded in their shops. In Popular music, independent music, often abbreviated as indie, is a term used to describe independence from major commercial record labels and an autonomous Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Acoustic music refers to music that solely or primarily uses instruments which produce sound through entirely acoustic means as opposed to Electronic means Coffeehouses are often gathering places for underage youths who cannot go to bars.

In the United Kingdom, traditional coffeehouses as gathering places for youths fell out of favour after the 1960s, but the concept has been revived since the 1990s by chains such as Starbucks, Coffee Republic, Costa Coffee, and Caffè Nero as places for professional workers to meet and eat out or simply to buy beverages and snack foods on their way to and from the workplace. Starbucks Corporation ( is an international Coffee and coffeehouse chain based in Seattle Washington. Coffee Republic is a British Coffee bar and Deli franchise chain Costa Coffee is a Coffee house company based in the United Kingdom founded in 1971 by Italian brothers Sergio & Bruno Costa as a wholesale operation Caffè Nero ( Italian for black coffee) or Caffè Nero Group Ltd is a British coffee shop chain

In France, a cafe also serves alcoholic beverages. French cafes often serve simple snacks such as sandwiches. They may have a restaurant section. A brasserie is a cafe that serves meals, generally single dishes, in a more relaxed setting than a restaurant. A bistro is a cafe / restaurant, especially in Paris.

Coffeehouse in Damascus

In Australian cities, a traditional European cafe culture is thriving as a result of significant immigration from mainland Europe in the 19th century and 20th century. Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on These establishments often cluster along certain streets and with the weather allowing curb side seating much of the year certain areas resemble a large party on a Friday or Saturday evening.

In China, an abundance of recently-started domestic coffeehouse chains may be seen accommodating business people. These coffee houses are more for show and status than anything else, with coffee prices often even higher than in the west.

In Malaysia and Singapore, traditional breakfast and coffee shops are called kopi tiams. Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom A kopitiam or kopi tiam is a traditional Breakfast and Coffee shop found in Malaysia and Singapore in Southeast Asia. The word is a portmanteau of the Malay word for coffee (as borrowed and altered from the Portuguese) and the Hokkien dialect word for shop (店; POJ: tiàm). The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The Southern Min language or Min Nan ( POJ: Bân-lâm-gú or "Southern Fujian" language refers to a family of Chinese languages Dialects Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian Menus typically feature simple offerings: a variety of foods based on egg, toast, and kaya (jam), plus coffee, tea, and Milo, a malted chocolate drink which is extremely popular in Southeast Asia and Australasia, particularly Singapore and Malaysia. An egg is a round or oval body laid by the female of many animals consisting of an Ovum surrounded by layers of Membranes and an outer casing which acts to nourish Toast is sliced Bread which has been browned by exposure to dry Heat ("toasted" CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Milo ( /maɪləʊ/ is a Milk beverage with Chocolate and Malt, produced by Nestlé and originating from Australia.

In parts of the Netherlands where the sale of cannabis is decriminalized, many cannabis shops call themselves coffeeshops. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp A cannabis Coffeeshop is a place where the sale of cannabis and Hashish for personal consumption by the public is tolerated by the local Foreign visitors often find themselves quite at a loss when they find that the shop they entered to have a coffee actually has a very different core business. The core business of an organization is an Idealized construct intended to express that organization's "main" or "essential" activity Incidentally, most cannabis shops sell a wide range of (non-alcoholic) beverages.

In modern Egypt, Turkey and Syria, coffeehouses attract many men and boys to watch TV or play chess and smoke shisha. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية A hookah (हुक़्क़ा حقّہ hukkah) is a single or multi-stemmed (often glass-based water pipe for Smoking.

See also

• Cannabis coffee shops
• Barista
• Diner
• Greasy spoon
• Kafana
• Internet cafe
• Public house
• Manga cafe
• Viennese café
• Tea room
• Tea house
• Sidewalk cafe

Notes

References

• Dutch police plan to cut `cannabusiness' in half, The Observer, Amsterdam, Mar. 19, 2005.
• Markman Ellis (2004), The Coffee House: a cultural history, Weidenfeld & Nicolson
• Ray Oldenburg, The Great Good Place (Oldenburg): Cafes, Coffee Shops, Community Centers, General Stores, Bars, Hangouts, and How They Get You through the Day (New York: Paragon Books, 1989) ISBN 1-56924-681-5
• Tom Standage, A History of the World in Six Glasses, Walker & Company 2006, ISBN 0802714471

External links

• The Original Coffeehouse A directory of coffeehouses
• Cafe Hunt - Community contributed independent coffee shops around the world
• Thomas Jordan News from the coffeehouse
• Indie Coffee Shops US independent coffee shop database
• Cup of NYC Independent coffee shops in New York
• Cosy Cafe Independent coffee shop in Kuala Lumpur
• KC Perky Independent coffee shops in Kansas City
• Cosy Coffee Shops Independent coffee houses in Britain