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Coenzyme A
Identifiers
CAS number [85-61-0]
PubChem 317
MeSH Coenzyme+A
SMILES CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C (C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O) OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O
Properties
Molecular formula C21H36N7O16P3S
Molar mass 767. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 535
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox disclaimer and references

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly Coenzymes are small organic non- Protein Molecules that carry chemical groups between Enzymes Coenzymes are sometimes referred to as cosubstrates Fatty acids are an important source of Energy for many organisms Fatty acids are an important source of Energy for many organisms In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which Pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H is an alpha-keto acid. The Carboxylate Anion of pyruvic acid is known as pyruvate. The citric acid cycle, also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle ( TCA cycle) or the Krebs cycle, (or rarely the Szent-Györgyi–Krebs cycle It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate. Cysteamine is the Chemical compound with the formula HSCH2CH2NH2 Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( Adenosine-5'-triphosphate ( ATP) is a multifunctional Nucleotide that is most important as a " molecular currency" of intracellular Energy

Contents

Biosynthesis

Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:

  1. Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
  2. A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
  3. PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
  4. 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
  5. Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase. Pantothenic acid, also called Vitamin B5 (a B vitamin) is a water- Soluble vitamin required to sustain life ( Pantothenate kinase is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of Coenzyme A. Pantetheine is the Cysteamine Amide analogue of Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5 In Enzymology, a phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase ( is an Enzyme that catalyzes the Chemical reaction N--L-cysteine Pantetheine is the Cysteamine Amide analogue of Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5

Function

Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. In Organic chemistry, a thiol is a compound that contains the functional group composed of a Sulfur atom and a Hydrogen atom (-SH Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H Thioesters are compounds resulting from the bonding of Sulfur with an Acyl group with the general formula R-S-CO-R'. acyl group ( IUPAC name alkanoyl) is a Functional group derived by the removal of one or more Hydroxyl group from an Oxoacid. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which The cytoplasm is the contents of a cell that is enclosed within the Plasma membrane. In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. In Organic chemistry, acetyl (ethanoyl is a Functional group, the Acyl of Acetic acid, with Chemical formula - C[[Oxygen Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism used in many biochemical reactions When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.

List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups

Additional images

Coenzyme A

References

External links

Dictionary

coenzyme A

-noun

  1. (biochemistry) A coenzyme, formed from pantothenic acid and adenosine triphosphate, that is necessary for fatty acid synthesis and metabolism.
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