The Codex Tchacos is an ancient Egyptian Coptic papyrus containing early Christian Gnostic texts from approximately 300 A. Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems The history of Gnosticism is subject to a great deal of debate and interpretation Early Gnosticism refers to a point in Gnosticism that occurred following the Fathers of Christian Gnosticism and related groups but prior to the shift to Syrian-Egyptian Gnostic Schools were ancient Gnostic sects from around the Middle East. Gnosticism includes a variety of ancient religions prevalent in the Mediterranean in the third century AD. The Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church is a term used in Catholic and Orthodox forms of Christianity to refer to the early and Philo (20 BC - 50 AD) known also as Philo of Alexandria (gr Φίλων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς Philo Judaeus, Philo Judaeus of Alexandria Valentinus (also spelled Valentius) ( c 100 - c160 CE) was the best known and for a time most successful Early Christian gnostic Cerinthus ( c 100 was an Early Christian originator of a heretical sect a " Heresiarch " in the view of the Church Fathers "Basilides" redirects here For the 17th century Ethiopian Emperor see Fasilides of Ethiopia. Gnosticism used a number of Religious texts that are preserved in part or whole in ancient Manuscripts or are lost but mentioned critically in Patristic The term gnostic gospels refers to Gnostic collections of writings about the teachings of Jesus, written around the 2nd century AD. Nag Hammadi library (popularly known as The Gnostic Gospels) is a collection of early Christian Gnostic texts discovered near the The Bruce Codex (also called the Codex Brucianus) is a gnostic manuscript acquired by the British Museum. This article discusses the relationship between Gnosticism and the New Testament. Gnosis (from one of the Greek words for Knowledge, γνώσις is the spiritual knowledge of a Saint or mystically enlightened human being Pythagoreanism is a term used for the Esoteric and metaphysical beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers the Pythagoreans who were much influenced Neoplatonism (also Neo-Platonism) is the modern term for a school of Hellenistic philosophy that took shape in the 3rd century AD, based Manichaeism (in Modern Persian fa-Arab آیین مانی Āyin e Māni; Chinese zh 摩尼教 was one of the major Gnostic Religions originating The Bosnian Church ( crkva bosanska, ecclesia bosniensis) seems to have been a Catholic monastic order that separated itself from the wider Church possibly over the Esoteric Christianity is a term which refers to an ensemble of spiritual currents which regard Christianity as a Mystery religion, and profess the existence This article is about the philosophy introduced by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky Coptic or Coptic Egyptian ( MetRemenkīmi) is the final stage of the Egyptian language, a northern Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Egypt Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ (Rhymes -aɪrəs)is a thick paper-like material produced from the Pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus Gnosticism (γνώσις gnōsis, Knowledge) refers to a diverse Syncretistic Religious movement consisting of various Belief systems D. ,:
- The Gospel of Judas
- The First Apocalypse of James
- The Letter of Peter to Philip
- A fragment of the Book of Allogenes (or the Book of the Stranger)
(This is not the previously-known Nag Hammadi text Allogenes. The Gospel of Judas is a Gnostic gospel purported to document conversations between apostle Judas Iscariot and Jesus Christ. The First Apocalypse of James, part of the New Testament apocrypha also called the Revelation of Jacob, was first discovered amongst 52 other Gnostic The Letter of Peter to Philip, found in the cache of texts at Nag Hammadi (bound into Codex VIII contains a brief letter purporting to be from Saint Peter to )
The Codex Tchacos is important because it contains the first known surviving copy of the Gospel of Judas, a text that was rejected as heresy by the early Christian church and lost for 1700 years. The Gospel of Judas was mentioned and summarized by the Church Father Irenaeus of Lyons in his work Against Heresies (Adv. Haer. 1. 1. 35. ) (This makes the Gospel of Judas older than codex it was discovered in. )
The Codex
The codex was rediscovered near El Minya, Egypt during the 1970s, and stored in a variety of unorthodox ways by various dealers who had little experience with antiquities. A codex ( Latin for block of wood, Book; plural codices) is a book in the format used for modern books with separate pages normally Minya is the capital of Minya Governorate in Egypt. The name of the city is derived from its Egyptian name Men'at This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. One stored it in a safe deposit box and another actually froze the documents, causing a unique and difficult kind of decay that makes the papyrus appear sandblasted. A safe deposit box (sometimes incorrectly called a safety deposit box) is a type of Safe usually located in groups inside a Bank vault or in the back of (Archivists can do nothing to remedy this damage since it is caused by the outer layers of the papyrus flaking off -- taking ink with them. ) Scholars heard rumors of the text from the 1980's onward as dealers periodically offered it for sale (displaying portions of the text or photographs of portions of the text in the process. ) It was not examined and translated until 2001 after its current owner, Frieda Nussberger-Tchacos, concerned with its deteriorating condition, transferred it to the Maecenas Foundation for Ancient Art in Basel, Switzerland. The Maecenas Foundation is a Swiss foundation whose sole officer is Mario Roberty, a Swiss attorney "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. She named it in honor of her father, Dimaratos Tchacos.
Roughly a dozen pages of the original manuscript, seen briefly by scholars in the 1970s, are missing from the Codex today; it is believed that they were sold secretly to dealers, but none have come forward. According to National Geographic's website, fragments purported to be from the codex may also be part of an Ohio antiquities dealer's estate.
In April 2006, a complete translation of the text, with extensive footnotes, was released by the National Geographic Society: The Gospel Of Judas (ISBN 1-4262-0042-0, April 2006). Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural National Geographic, which restored and conserved of the codex, has also created a two hour television documentary, The Gospel of Judas, which aired worldwide on the National Geographic Channel on April 9, 2006. National Geographic Channel, also called Nat Geo, is a subscription television network that features Documentaries produced by the National Geographic Society A special issue of the magazine was also devoted to the Gospel of Judas. A critical edition of the Codex Tchacos, including complete, near life-sized color photographs by National Geographic, a revised transcription of the Coptic, and complete translation of the codex appeared in late 2007. The team also hopes to look at the cartonage (the paper-mache used to stiffen the codex's cover) in order to find clues about who made the codex and when/where. (As a book the Tchacos Codex may be older than the twelve surviving volumes of the Nag Hammadi Library, making it the oldest surviving book in Western history. )
April D. DeConick, the Isla Carroll and Percy E. Turner Professor of Biblical Studies in the Department of Religious Studies at Rice University, has published a book, The Thirteenth Apostle: What the Gospel of Judas Really Says, questioning both the National Geographic's handling of the Gospel of Judas' publication and the veracity of its translation. She has argued both that National Geographic denied competent scholars access and that the scholars who were granted access to the Codex Tchacos were not able to go about their work properly due to the constraints put upon them, accusations similar to those leveled at the guardians of the Dead Sea Scrolls. Most notably, she points out that the first National Geographic translation omitted a "not," reversing the meaning of the text. In an opinion piece in the New York Times (December 1, 2007), she wrote:
According to the National Geographic translation, Judas’s ascent to the holy generation would be cursed. But it’s clear from the transcription that the scholars altered the Coptic original, which eliminated a negative from the original sentence. In fact, the original states that Judas will “not ascend to the holy generation. ”
The importance of the Codex Tchacos is not in doubt, but work has only begun in understanding its true influence and origin.
External links
- Frequently Asked Questions, from National Geographic.
- The Coptic Ps.Gospel of Judas
- April D. DeConick, "Gospel Truth." The New York Times, December 1, 2007.
This article about a manuscript is a stub. A manuscript is any Document that is Written by hand as opposed to being printed or reproduced in some other way You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic