Coda (Italian for "tail"; from the Latin cauda, see below) is a term used in music in a number of different senses, primarily to designate a passage which brings a piece (or one movement thereof) to a conclusion. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. A movement is a self-contained part of a Musical composition or Musical form.

Contents 1 Coda as a section of a movement 1.1 The musical function of codas 2 In music notation 3 Cauda 4 Codetta 5 Codas in popular music 6 See also 7 Notes 8 References

Coda as a section of a movement

The presence of a coda as a structural element in a musical movement is especially clear in works written in particular musical forms. The term musical form refers to two related concepts the type of composition (for example a musical work can have the form of a Symphony, a In a sonata form movement, the recapitulation section will generally follow the exposition in its thematic content, while adhering to the home key. Sonata form is a Musical form that has been used widely since the early Classical period. In Music theory, the recapitulation is one of the sections of a movement written in Sonata form. In Musical form and analysis, exposition is the initial presentation of the thematic material of a Musical composition, movement, In Music theory, the term key is used in many different and sometimes contradictory ways The recapitulation often ends with a passage that sounds like a termination, paralleling the music that ended the exposition; thus any music coming after this termination will be perceived as extra material; i. e. as a coda. In works in variation form, the coda occurs following the last variation and will be very noticeable as the first music not based on the theme. Variation form Variation form include Ground bass, Passacaglia, Chaconne, and theme and variations

Codas were commonly used in both sonata form and variation movements during the Classical era. The dates of the Classical period in Western music are generally accepted as 1750 to 1810 One of the ways that Beethoven extended and intensified Classical practice was to expand the coda sections, producing a final section sometimes of equal musical weight to the foregoing exposition, development and recapitulation sections and completing the musical argument. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. For one famous example, see Symphony No. 8 (Beethoven). Symphony No 8 in F Major Op. 93 is a Symphony in four movements composed by Ludwig van Beethoven in 1812 ^[1]

The musical function of codas

Charles Burkhart (2005, 12) suggests that the reason codas are common, even necessary, is that in the climax of the main body of a piece a "particularly effortful passage", often an expanded phrase, is often created by the "working [of] an idea through to its structural conclusions" and that after all this momentum is created a coda is required to "look back" on the main body, allow listeners to "take it all in", and "create a sense of balance. In Music a phrase ( Greek φράση, sentence expression, see also Strophe) is a section of music that is relatively "

In music notation

In music notation, the coda symbol is used as a navigation marker, similarly to the dal Segno sign. See also Modern musical symbols Music notation or musical notation is any system which represents aurally perceived Music through the use In Music notation, Dal Segno (pronounced ˈseˌɲo or ˈseˌnjo but commonly mispronounced as ˈsɛgˌno (often abbreviated D It looks like a set of crosshairs. A crosshair or reticle is a shape superimposed on an image that is used for precise alignment of a device most notably that of a Scope rifle. It is encountered mainly in transcriptions of popular music, and is used where the exit from a repeated section is within that section rather than at the end. The instruction "To Coda" indicated that the performer is to jump to the separate section headed with the symbol.

Cauda

Cauda, the Latin root of coda, is used in the study of conductus of the 12th and 13th centuries. In Medieval music, conductus (plural conductus) is a type of sacred but non-liturgical vocal composition for one or more voices The cauda was a long melisma on one of the last syllables of the text, repeated in each strophe. Melisma, in music is singing a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession Conducti were traditionally divided into two groups, conductus cum cauda and conductus sine cauda (Latin: "conductus with cauda", "conductus without cauda"), based on the presence of the melisma. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The cauda thus provided a conclusionary role, also similar to the modern coda.

Codetta

Codetta (Italian for "little tail," the diminutive form) has a similar purpose to the coda, but on a smaller scale, concluding a section of a work instead of the work as a whole. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. A diminutive is a formation of a Word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning smallness of the object or quality named encapsulation intimacy or endearment Typically, a codetta concludes the exposition and recapitulation sections of a work in sonata form, following the second (modulated) theme, or the closing theme (if there is one). In Music theory, the recapitulation is one of the sections of a movement written in Sonata form. Sonata form is a Musical form that has been used widely since the early Classical period. In Music, modulation is most commonly the act or process of changing from one key ( tonic, or tonal center) to another Thus, in the exposition, it usually appears in the secondary key, but in the recapitulation, in the primary key. The codetta ordinarily closes with a perfect cadence in the appropriate key, confirming the tonality. In Western Musical theory, a harmonic cadence (Latin cadentia, "a falling" is a formula of two chords that conclude If the exposition is repeated, the codetta is also, but sometimes it has its ending slightly changed, depending on whether it leads back to the exposition or into the development sections. In European classical music, musical development is a process by which a musical Idea is communicated in the course of a composition.

Codas in popular music

Many songs in rock and other genres of popular music have sections identifiable as codas. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more A coda in these genres is sometimes referred to as an outro and in jazz and worship music as a tag. See also fade out. In Audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an Audio signal.

See also

• Da capo
• Dal segno
• Epilogue

Notes

1. ^ For discussion of this coda, and of codas in general, see Rosen (1988). Da Capo is a musical term in Italian, meaning from the beginning (literally to the head) In Music notation, Dal Segno (pronounced ˈseˌɲo or ˈseˌnjo but commonly mispronounced as ˈsɛgˌno (often abbreviated D This article is about the literary epilogue See Epilogue (disambiguation for other uses of "Epilogue" or "Epilog"

References

• Burkhart, Charles. "The Phrase Rhythm of Chopin's A-flat Major Mazurka, Op. 59, No. 2" in Stein, Deborah (2005). Engaging Music: Essays in Music Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-517010-5.
• Rosen, Charles (1988) Sonata Forms, 2nd edition. New York: Norton.

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