A traditional cocktail.

A cocktail is a style of mixed drink. A mixed drink is a type of beverage in which two or more different ingredients are mixed together to create a different drink Originally a mixture of distilled spirits, sugar, water, and bitters,^[1] the word has gradually come to mean almost any mixed drink containing alcohol. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A bitters is an alcoholic beverage prepared with Herbs and Citrus dissolved in Alcohol or Glycerine and having a bitter ^[2] A cocktail today usually contains one or more types of liquor and flavorings and one or more liqueurs, fruit juices, sugar, honey, water, ice, soda, milk, cream, herbs, bitters, etc. A liqueur is a sweet Alcoholic beverage, often flavored with Fruits, Herbs Spices Flowers Seeds Roots Plants JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Ice is a Solid phase, usually crystalline, of a Non-metalic substance that is liquid or gas at Room temperature, such as Ammonia Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. For the 1993 hip-hop single by the Wu-Tang Clan see CREAM CREAM is an acronym for Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method a A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like ^[3]

Until the 1970s, cocktails were made predominantly with gin, whiskey or rum, and less commonly vodka. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. Gin is a spirit flavoured with Juniper berries. Distilled gin is made by redistilling white grain spirit which has been flavoured with juniper Whisky (uisge-beatha or whiskey (uisce beatha or fuisce) refers to a broad category of Alcoholic beverages that are distilled from fermented Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation Vodka is one of the world's most popular Distilled beverages It is a clear liquid which consists of mostly Water and Ethanol purified by Distillation From the 1970s on, the popularity of vodka increased dramatically, and by the 1980s it was the predominant base for mixed drinks. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Many cocktails traditionally made with gin, such as the gimlet, or the martini, may now be served by default with vodka. The gimlet is a Cocktail typically made of Gin or Vodka and lime Juice. The martini is a Cocktail made with Gin and dry white Vermouth or sweet red Vermouth.

History

"Flaming" cocktails contain a small amount of flammable high-proof alcohol which is ignited prior to consumption.

The earliest known printed use of the word "cocktail," as originally determined by David Wondrich in October 2005 ^[4], was from "The Farmer's Cabinet", April 28, 1803, p [2]: "11. Drank a glass of cocktail — excellent for the head . . . Call'd at the Doct's. found Burnham — he looked very wise — drank another glass of cocktail. "

The second earliest and officially recognised known printed use of the word "cocktail" (and the most well-known) was in the May 13, 1806 edition of the Balance and Columbian Repository, a publication in Hudson, New York , where the paper provided the following answer to what a cocktail was:

"Cocktail is a stimulating liquor composed of spirits of any kind, sugar, water, and bitters — it is vulgarly called a bittered sling and is supposed to be an excellent electioneering potion, inasmuch as it renders the heart stout and bold, at the same time that it fuddles the head. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The City of Hudson, is located along the west border of Columbia County and the east bank of the Hudson River in Columbia County New York, United States It is said, also to be of great use to a Democratic candidate: because a person, having swallowed a glass of it, is ready to swallow anything else. "

The Sazerac, which is one of the oldest known cocktails, dates back as far as the 1850s. The Sazerac is one of the oldest known Cocktails with its origins in pre- Civil War New Orleans Louisiana. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman

The first publication of a bartenders' guide which included cocktail recipes was in 1862: How to Mix Drinks; or, The Bon Vivant's Companion, by "Professor" Jerry Thomas. A bartender ( barman, barkeeper, barmaid, mixologist, tapster among other names serves Beverages Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Jeremiah (Jerry P Thomas (1830 – December 15, 1885) was an American Bartender; because of his pioneering work in popularizing Cocktails In addition to listings of recipes for Punches, Sours, Slings, Cobblers, Shrubs, Toddies, Flips, and a variety of other types of mixed drinks were 10 recipes for drinks referred to as "Cocktails". A key ingredient which differentiated "cocktails" from other drinks in this compendium was the use of bitters as an ingredient, although it is not to be seen in very many modern cocktail recipes. A bitters is an alcoholic beverage prepared with Herbs and Citrus dissolved in Alcohol or Glycerine and having a bitter

The first "cocktail party" ever thrown was allegedly by Mrs. Julius S. Walsh Jr. of St. Louis, Missouri, in May 1917. Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee Mrs. Walsh invited 50 guests to her mansion at noon on a Sunday. The party lasted one hour, until lunch was served at 1pm. The site of the first cocktail party still stands. In 1924 the Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis bought the Walsh mansion at 4510 Lindell Blvd. , and it has served as the local archbishop's residence ever since. ^[5]

During Prohibition in the United States (1920–1933), when the sale of alcoholic beverages was illegal, cocktails were still consumed illegally in establishments known as speakeasies. In the United States, the term Prohibition refers to the period from 1920 to 1933 during which the sale manufacture and transportation of alcohol for consumption Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A speakeasy was an establishment that surreptitiously sold Alcoholic beverages during the period of United States history known as Prohibition (1920-1933 The quality of the alcohol available was far lower than was previously used, and bartenders generally put forth less effort in preparing the cocktails. ^[2]

Etymology

Piña Colada with pieces of coconut

There are several plausible theories as to the origin of the term "cocktail". The piña colada ( Spanish, strained pineapple piña, pineapple + colada, strained is a sweet Rum -based Cocktail made with Among them are:

• Colonial taverns kept their spirits (rum, brandy, whiskey, gin, applejack) in casks, and as the liquid in the casks lowered, the spirits would tend to lose both flavor and potency, so the tavern keeper would have an additional cask into which the tailings from the low casks could be combined and sold at a reduced price, the patrons requesting the "cock tailings" or the tailings from the stop cock of the cask. This was H. L. Mencken's belief.
• Cocktails were originally a morning beverage, and the cocktail was the name given as metaphor for the rooster (cocktail) heralding morning light of day. This was first posited in 2004 by Ted Haigh in "Vintage Spirits & Forgotten Cocktails". and can be distinguished from the theory "take two snips of the hair of the dog that bit you", which refers to consuming a small bit of alcohol the morning after a "binge drinking night" to curb the effects of the symptoms of the hangover, in the belief that these symptoms are the result of a form of withdrawal. "Hair of the Dog" was the 6th studio album by album by the Scottish rock band Nazareth, released in 1975 Binge drinking is drinking certain beverages with the intention of becoming intoxicated Withdrawal, also known as withdrawal/abstinence syndrome, refers to the characteristic signs and symptoms that appear when a drug that causes Physical dependence is A cock's tail has many varied feathers in exciting colours as a cocktail has varied exciting alcoholic drinks mixed together. Further the cloaca in the tail of cock is the exit hole for many impure substances. In zoological anatomy a cloaca is the posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species
• Some say that it was customary to put a feather, presumably from a cock's tail, in the drink to serve both as decoration and to signal to teetotalers that the drink contained alcohol. A rooster (also called a cock or chanticleer) is a male Chicken ( Gallus gallus) the female being called a Hen. See also Prohibition, Temperance movement Teetotalism (or T-total is the practice and promotion of complete Abstinence from Alcoholic beverages
• Another etymology is that the term is derived from coquetier, a French egg-cup which was used to serve the beverage in New Orleans in the early 19th century. An egg cup, sometimes called egg server, is a container used for serving Boiled eggs within their shell New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana ^[6]
• The beverage was named for a mixed breed horse, known as a "cock-tail" as the beverage, like the horse, was neither strictly spirit nor wine — it was a mixed breed.
• After cokstele or cock-stick, a type of weighted stick used for throwing at cocks as a sport. See Cock throwing. Cock throwing, also known as cock-shying or throwing at cocks, was a Blood sport widely practiced in England until the late 18th century
• The word could also be a distortion of Latin [aqua] decocta, meaning "distilled water".
• In the village of Elmsford in Westchester County, New York a local bar ran out of stirrers and resorted to use a cock's tail feathers to stir the drink. Elmsford is a village in Westchester County, New York, United States. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous
• In the book, Under the Mountain, by Margaret Robson, published in 1958, the author states, "James Fenimore Cooper stayed (at Hustler's Tavern) in Lewiston, New York in 1821 while writing The Spy. James Fenimore Cooper (September 15 1789 &ndash September 14 1851 was a prolific and popular American writer of the early 19th century Lewiston is a village in Niagara County, New York, United States. Cooper used the owners, Thomas and Catherine Hustler in his story as the models for Sergeant Hollister and Betty Flanigan. According to Cooper, it was Catherine Hustler who invented the gin cocktail, stirring it with a feather from a stuffed rooster's tail. " Catherine Hustler described her drink by saying, "it warms both the soul and body and is fit to be put in a vessel of diamonds. " Hustler's Tavern, which stood at the northeast corner of 8th and Center Streets in Lewiston, NY, is no longer standing.

Cocktail personalities

Living

• Daniel Rogers - Founder of 5 Senses Cocktail Course, Sydney Australia. Website: http://www.developmentinmotion.com.au
• Adam Freeth - Founder of Shaker BarSchools, UK and South Africa. Author of 'Professional Bartending'. Website: http://www.shaker-uk.com/
• Nick Mautone - Author of "Raising the Bar; Better Drinks Better Entertaining". Beverage Expert and food service consultant, former Managing Partner of Gramercy Tavern, NYC and partner in Trina Lounge in Fort Lauderdale.
• Simon Difford — UK drinks expert and author of 'sauceguide to cocktails' and 'diffordsguide to cocktails', now in its 7th edition.
• Wayne Curtis — rum expert and author of And a Bottle of Rum: A History of the New World in 10 Cocktails
• Dale "King Cocktail" DeGroff — author of The Craft of the Cocktail and bartender at New York's famous Rainbow Room. The Rainbow Room is a well-known upscale Restaurant and Nightclub on the sixty-fifth floor of the GE Building in Rockefeller Center Founder and current president of The Museum of the American Cocktail. The Museum of the American Cocktail is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to education in mixology and preserving the rich history of the American Cocktail. Website: http://www.kingcocktail.com/
• Eric Felten - Author of How’s Your Drink? Cocktails, Culture, and the Art of Drinking and a columnist for the Wall Street Journal also titled How’s Your Drink? which appears on Saturdays
• Ted "Dr. Cocktail" Haigh — author of Vintage Spirit and Forgotten Cocktails, proprietor of CocktailDB. com, founding member and curator of The Museum of the American Cocktail
• Joe Gilmore — one of the longest running Head Barmen at The Savoy Hotel's American Bar and inventor of many cocktails, including several for Winston Churchill
• Robert "Drinkboy" Hess — prominent cocktail authority and proprietor of DrinkBoy. The Museum of the American Cocktail is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to education in mixology and preserving the rich history of the American Cocktail. Joe Gilmore (born Belfast 19 May 1922) was one of the longest running Head Barmen at The Savoy Hotel 's American Bar. The Savoy Hotel is a five-star Hotel located on the Strand, in the City of Westminster in Central London that opened on August The American Bar is a drinking establishment at the Savoy Hotel in London. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 For the Apple evangelist, see Robert Hess (MacWEEK editor. For the Chess player see Robert Hess (chess player. com. Founder and current secretary of The Museum of the American Cocktail
• Gary and Mardee Regan — creators of Regan’s Bitters, authors of many books including The Joy of Mixology and New Classic Cocktails, founding members of The Museum of the American Cocktail
• Audrey Saunders — former bartender at Bemelmans Bar (New York City), proprietor of the Pegu Club (New York City), prominent mixologist
• David Wondrich — author of Esquire Drinks and founding member of The Museum of the American Cocktail
• Stephen Kittredge Cunningham — author of The Bartender's Black Book now in its 8th edition. The Museum of the American Cocktail is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to education in mixology and preserving the rich history of the American Cocktail. A bitters is an alcoholic beverage prepared with Herbs and Citrus dissolved in Alcohol or Glycerine and having a bitter The Museum of the American Cocktail is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to education in mixology and preserving the rich history of the American Cocktail. The City of New York The City of New York The Museum of the American Cocktail is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to education in mixology and preserving the rich history of the American Cocktail.
• Charles Schumann - author of America Bar
• A. J. Rathbun - Seattle-based mixologist, and author of "Party Drinks!" and "Good Spirits"
• Sebastian Reaburn-prominent cocktail authority,Historian and proprietor of 1806. www. 1806. com. au and www. mixologymanagement. com
• Paulo Ramos- Founder of cocktail academy Portugal, one of the first to introduce freestyle bartending in Europe. www. ramoscocktailacademy. com
• Javier Lauria - Classic Argentinian Bartender - Promoter of "High Style Cocktails"
• Stefanie Marco - former Ambassador for Allied Domecq Spirits, bartender Soho and Tribeca Grand in NYC, pioneer of Stirrings Better Cocktails brands, prominent mixologist
• Ryan D. Mayer - Columnist "Sense of Spirit" History and Culture behind famous New Orleans Cocktails, credits in "Where Y'at Magazine" and "Delectable Magazine,"

Deceased

• Jerry Thomas — author of one of the earliest cocktail books, How to Mix Drinks, or The Bon Vivant's Companion (1862), and The Bar-Tender's Guide, or How to Mix All Kinds of Plain and Fancy Drinks (1887)
• David A. Embury — an attorney and author of The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks (1948), a classic cocktail book and one of the first to be a serious study of the art
• Harry Craddock — bartender at the American Bar at the Savoy Hotel, London during Prohibition and author of "The Savoy Cocktail Book" published in 1930

Derivative uses

The word "cocktail" is sometimes used figuratively for a mixture of liquids or other substances that are not necessarily fit for consumption. Jeremiah (Jerry P Thomas (1830 – December 15, 1885) was an American Bartender; because of his pioneering work in popularizing Cocktails David Augustus Embury ( November 3, 1886 in Pine Woods New York - July 6, 1960 in New Rochelle New York) was an attorney and author The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks is a classic Cocktail book by David A Harry Craddock was an United States citizen who left during Prohibition and joined the American Bar at the Savoy Hotel, London, in The American Bar is a drinking establishment at the Savoy Hotel in London. Prohibition of alcohol, often referred to simply as prohibition, also known as Noble Experiment, refers to a Sumptuary law which prohibits Alcohol For example, the usage of such a word could be as follows: "120 years of industry have dosed the area's soil with a noxious cocktail of heavy metals and chemical contaminants". For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into an environment that causes instability disorder harm or discomfort to the physical systems or living organisms they are in

The name for the makeshift incendiary bomb consisting of a bottle and a flammable liquid (usually gasoline) with a flaming rag attached also is known as a "molotov cocktail. The Molotov cocktail, also known as the booze bomb, alcohol bomb or Molotov bomb, is a generic name used for a variety of improvised incendiary "

See also

• List of cocktails
• Mixed drink
• History of alcohol
• Cocktail glass

Notes

External links

• Cocktails at the Open Directory Project
• Orange County Register How-to http://www.ocregister.com/multimedia/liquid_assets/