- Cochin China is also a type of domestic fowl. The Cochin or Cochin China, originally known as the Chinese Shanghai, is a Breed of Chicken. Poultry is the category of Domesticated Birds which some humans keep for the purpose of collecting their eggs, or kill for their Meat and/or
Cochinchina, from Cochin-China (see note below) (known locally as Nam Kỳ, meaning "southern region"), in French: Cochinchine) is a name used for various southern regions of Vietnam. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially
In the 17th century, Vietnam was divided between the Trịnh Lords to the north and the Nguyễn Lords to the south. The Trịnh Lords (Chúa Trịnh Chu nom: 主[[wikt 鄭|鄭]] 1545-1787 were a series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) The northern section was called Tonkin by Europeans, and the southern part called Cochinchina by most Europeans and Quinam by the Dutch. Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of Quang Nam ( Quảng Nam;) is a province on the South Central Coast of Vietnam. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian
During the French colonial period, the label moved further south, and came to refer to the southernmost part of Vietnam, controlled by Cambodia in prior centuries, and lying to its southeast. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The area was called Cochinchine in French, and its capital was at Saigon. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The two other parts of Vietnam at the time were known as Annam and Tonkin. Annam (An Nam was a French protectorate in what is now the central area of Vietnam.
The name "Cochin" derives from the Malay Kuchi which referred to all of Vietnam. The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the This term was in turn derived from the Chinese jiao zhi, pronounced giao chi in Vietnam. "Cochinchina" derives from the need or desire to distinguish this Cochi/Kochi/Kuchi from the city (and princely state) of Kochi in India. [1]
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Pre-colonial history
The conquest of the south of present-day Vietnam was a long process of territorial acquisition by the Vietnamese. The history of Vietnam begins around 2700 years ago Successive dynasties based in China ruled Vietnam directly for most of the period from 111 BC until 938 It is called Nam Tien by Vietnamese historians. Vietnam (then known as Đại Việt) nearly doubled its territory in 1470 under the great king Lê Thánh Tông, at the expense of the Champa. Lê Thánh Tông ( Hán tự: 黎[[wikt 聖|聖]] 宗; 1442&ndash1497 was emperor of Đại Việt from 1460 until his death The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what The next two hundred years was a time of territorial consolidation and civil war with only gradual expansion south.
As a result of a civil war that started in 1520, the Emperor of China sent a commission to study the political status of Annam in 1536. As a consequence of the delivered report, he declared war against the Mạc Dynasty. The Mạc Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Mạc; Hán Việt: 莫[[wikt 朝|朝]] ruled the northern provinces of Vietnam from 1527 The nominal ruler of the Mạc died at the very time that the Chinese armies passed the frontiers of the kingdom in 1537, and his father, Mạc Đăng Dung (the real power in any case), hurried to submit to the Imperial will, and declared himself to be a vassal of China. Mạc Đăng Dung （ Hán tự: 莫[[wikt 登|登]] 庸 posthumous name Mạc Thái Tổ Hán tự: 莫太祖 1483？－1541 was a The Chinese declared that both the Lê Dynasty and the Mạc had a right to part of the lands and so they recognized the Lê rule in the southern part of Vietnam while at the same time recognizing the Mạc rule in the northern part, which was called Tunquin (i. The Later Lê Dynasty ( Vietnamese: Nhà Hậu Lê; Hán Việt: 後黎朝 sometimes referred to as the Lê Dynasty (the earlier Lê Dynasty Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of e. Tonkin). This was to be a feudatory state of China under the government of the Mạc.
However, this arrangement did not last long. In 1592, Trịnh Tùng, leading the Royal (Trịnh) army, conquered nearly all of the Mạc territory and moved the Lê kings back to the original capital of Hanoi. Trịnh Tùng (died c1623 ruled Vietnam from 1570 to 1623 (he is also known as Trịnh Tòng and also given the title Bình An Vương) Hanoi ( Vietnamese: Hà Nội Hán Tự: 河[[wikt 内|内]], estimated population 3398889 (2007, is the Capital of Vietnam The Mạc only held on to a tiny part of north Vietnam until 1667, when Trịnh Tạc conquered the last Mạc lands. Trịnh Tạc ( Hán tự: 鄭[[wikt 柞|柞]] ruled Vietnam from 1654 - 1682 Trinh Tac one of the most successful of the Trinh Lords who
In 1623, Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên, the lord of the (then) southern provinces of Vietnam, established a trading community at Saigon with the consent of the king of Cambodia. Nguyễn Phúc Nguyên (1563 - 1635 ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam from 1613 - 1635 Over the next 50 years, Vietnamese control slowly expanded in this area but only gradually as the Nguyễn were fighting a protracted civil war with the Trịnh Lords in the north.
With the end of the war with the Trịnh, the Nguyễn were able to devote more effort (and military force) to conquest of the south. First, the remaining Champa territories were taken; next, the areas around the Mekong river were placed under Vietnamese control. The Mekong is one of the world’s major Rivers It is the 11th-longest river in the world and 7th longest in Asia
At least three wars were fought between the Nguyễn Lords and the Cambodian kings in the period 1715 to 1770 with the Vietnamese gaining more territory with each war. The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) The wars all involved the much more powerful Siamese kings who fought on behalf of their vassals, the Cambodians.
In the late 1700s, Vietnam was briefly unified under the Tây Sơn. The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between These were three brothers, former peasants, who succeeded in conquering first the lands of the Nguyễn and then the lands of the Trịnh. But final unification came under Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, a remarkably tenacious member of the Nguyễn noble family who fought for 25 years against the Tây Sơn and ultimately conquered the entire country in 1802. Emperor Gia Long ( Hán tự: 嘉[[wikt 隆|隆]] 1762 &ndash 1820) born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ( Hán tự: 阮[[wikt He ruled all of Vietnam under the name Gia Long.
Gia Long and his successors (see the Nguyễn Dynasty for details) conquered more lands from Cambodia and even annexed Phnom Penh and surrounding territory. The Nguyễn Dynasty (Nhà Nguyễn Hán Việt: Nguyễn triều 阮朝 was the last ruling family of Vietnam. Phnom Penh ( Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ official Romanization Phnum Pénh; pʰnum pɯɲ is the Capital However, the Vietnamese were forced to relinquish these conquests in the latter part of the 1800s.
Colonial Cochinchina (1864-1949)
See Colonization of Cochinchina
For a series of complex reasons, the French government of Napoleon III, with the help of Spanish troops arriving from the Philippines (which was a Spanish colony at the time), decided to take over the southern part of Vietnam. The colonization of Cochinchina – which was the European name for the southern part of Vietnam – occurred in two phases between 1858 and 1867 Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President In September 1858, France occupied Đà Nẵng (Tourane). This article is about the city of Đà Nẵng For the Vietnam War era air base see Da Nang Air Base or Đà Nẵng International Airport. On 18 February 1859, they conquered Saigon and three southern Vietnamese provinces: Biên Hòa, Gia Định and Dinh Tuong; on 13 April 1862, the Vietnamese government was forced to cede those territories to France. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Biên Hòa is a city in Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, about 20 miles (30 kilometers east of Ho Chi Minh City, to which Bien Hoa is linked by Vietnam Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday
In 1867, the provinces of Châu Đốc, Ha Tien and Vĩnh Long were added to French controlled territory. Châu Đốc is a district and town in An Giang province, bordering Cambodia, in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam. Hà Tiên or Ha Tien is a town ( thị xã) in Kien Giang Province, Tay Nam Bo of Vietnam Vĩnh Long ( Hán Tự: 永[[wikt 隆|隆]] literally "eternal prosperity" is a town in Vietnam. In 1864 all the French territories in southern Vietnam were declared to be the new French colony of Cochinchina.
In 1887, it became part of the Union of French Indochina. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit In 1933, the Spratly islands were annexed to French Cochinchina. The Spratly Islands are a group of more than 100 reefs islets and islands occupying in total less than five square kilometres and spread over more than 400000 square kilometres On 28 July 1941, imperial Japanese troops were based in French Cochinchina (de facto occupation), followed on 9 March 1945 by formal Japanese occupation till 15 August 1945. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory passes to a hostile army. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
From 16 May 1945 – 1946 it was nominally part of the Empire of Vietnam until it became the Republic of Cochin China from June 1, 1946 to June 14, 1949. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Empire of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Đế quốc Việt Nam, or (Việt Nam Đế quốc) was a short-lived Puppet state of Imperial Japan Cochin China is also a type of domestic fowl. Cochinchina, from Cochin-China (see note below (known locally as Nam Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On 14 June 1949 Cochin-China ceased to exist, and was replaced with the State of Vietnam within the French Union. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The State of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a former state in Vietnam replacing the former Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949 The French Union (Union française was a political entity created by the French Fourth Republic to replace the old French colonial system the " French Empire
1558-1976 summary
The Nguyễn Lords ruled the southern provinces of Vietnam from the city of Huế (in what was later called Annam by the French, though Annam historically refers to the northern part of modern Vietnam). The Nguyễn Lords ( Vietnamese: Chúa Nguyễn; 1558 - 1775 were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam (then called Đàng Trong) ( 化 in Chữ Nôm) is the capital city of Thừa Thiên - Huế province, Vietnam. The Tây Sơn also ruled the south but not from Saigon, instead they ruled from Đà Nẵng. The name of Tây Sơn ( 西[[wikt 山|山]] is used in many ways referring back to the period of Peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between This article is about the city of Đà Nẵng For the Vietnam War era air base see Da Nang Air Base or Đà Nẵng International Airport. Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ruled the united country of Vietnam from his ancestors’ capital of Huế. Emperor Gia Long ( Hán tự: 嘉[[wikt 隆|隆]] 1762 &ndash 1820) born Nguyễn Phúc Ánh ( Hán tự: 阮[[wikt Cochinchina was never a single united administrative unit until the French seized it in the 1850s.
It ceased to exist in 1949 replaced by the de facto “South Vietnam” under the successive names of State of Vietnam (1949-1955), Republic of Vietnam (1953–75) and Republic of South Vietnam (1975-1976). "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia The Republic of South Vietnam (Cộng Hòa Miền Nam Việt Nam was the provisional government of South Vietnam following the final military defeat of the Army of the South Vietnam was not a recreation of Cochinchina as it controlled half of the former French administrative unit of Annam in addition to Cochinchina.
See also
Sources and references
- Encyclopedia of Asian History, Volume 4 (Vietnam) 1988. First French interventions See also France-Vietnam relations France-Vietnam relations started as early as the 17th century with the mission of the Jesuit Tonkin (Đông Kinh in Vietnamese) also spelled Tongkin, Tonquin or Tongking, is the northernmost part of Vietnam, south of The State of Vietnam ( Vietnamese: Quốc gia Việt Nam) was a former state in Vietnam replacing the former Republic of Cochinchina (1946-1949 Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
- Vietnam - A Long History by Nguyễn Khắc Viện (1999). Hanoi, Thế Giới Publishers
- ArtHanoi Vietnamese money in historical context
- WorldStatesmen- Vietnam
- ^ Reid, Anthony. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce. Vol 2: Expansion and Crisis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1993. p211n.
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