Cochabamba
A view of Cochabamba down Ayacucho Avenue
Flag Seal
Nickname: "City of Eternal Spring" "The Garden City"
Cochabamba Location in Bolivia
Coordinates: 17°23′S 66°10′W / -17.383, -66.167
Country	Bolivia
Population
- Total	1,524,724
	2001
Website: http://www.cochabamba.bo/

Cochabamba is a city in central Bolivia, located in a valley bearing the same name in the Andes mountain range. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. It is the capital of the Cochabamba Department and is the third largest city in Bolivia with a metropolitan population of more than 900,000 people. Cochabamba is one of the nine component departments of Bolivia. This is a list of cities in Bolivia: Araca Bermejo Camiri Cobija The name derives from a compound of the Quechua words qhocha, or lake, and pampa, or open plain. Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. Laguna de Gomezjpg|thumb|left|240px|Lake Gomez near Junín in the heart of the Pampas grain belt Residents of the city and surrounding areas are commonly referred to as Cochabambinos. Cochabamba is known as the "City of Eternal Spring" and "The Garden City" due to its spring-like temperatures year round.

Contents 1 History 2 People and culture 3 Places of interest 4 Education 5 Airport 6 Neighbourhoods 7 Satellite cities and towns 8 Additional notes of interest 9 Cochabambino emigration 10 References 11 External links

History

The Cochabamba valley has been populated for over a thousand years due to its fertile productive soils and climate. Archealogical evidence suggests that the initial valley inhabitants were of various ethnic indigenous groups. Inca, Tupuraya, Mojocoya, Omereque, and Tiwanaku inhabited the valley at various times before the Spanish arrived.

The first Spanish inhabitant of the Valley was Garci Ruiz de Orellana in 1542. He purchased the majority of the land from local tribal chiefs Achata and Consavana through a title registered in 1552 at the Imperial City of Potosí. Potosí is a city the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. The price paid was 130 pesos. His residence known as the House of Mayorazgo still stands in the Cala Cala neighbourhood of the city.

Villa de Oropesa (as Cochabamba was first called) was founded on 2 August 1571 by order of Viceroy Francisco de Toledo, Count of Oropesa. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. Francisco de Toledo Count of Oropesa, ( July 10, 1515, Oropesa Spain &mdash1584 Seville) was Spanish viceroy of Peru from It was to be an agricultural production centre to provide food for the mining towns of the relatively nearby Altiplano region, particularly the city of Potosí which became one of the largest and richest cities in the world during the 17th century - funding the vast wealth that ultimately made Spain a world power at the time. The Altiplano ( Spanish for high plain) where the Andes are at their widest is the most extensive area of High plateau on earth outside Potosí is a city the capital of the department of Potosí in Bolivia. With the silver mining industry in Potosi at its height, Cochabamba thrived during its first centuries of existence. The city entered a period of decline during the 18th century as mining began to wane.

In 1786, King Charles III of Spain renamed the city to the 'loyal and valiant' Villa of Cochabamba. Charles III ( January 20, 1716 – December 14, 1788) was King of Spain 1700–88 (as Carlos III King of Naples and This was done to commend the city's pivotal role in suppressing the indigenous rebellions of 1781 in Oruro by sending armed forces to Oruro to quell the uprisings. Oruro may refer to Oruro Bolivia - capital of the Bolivian Oruro Department Oruro Department - one of nine departments in Bolivia Since the late 19th century it has again been generally successful as an agricultural centre for Bolivia.

The 1793 census shows that the city had a population of 22,305 persons. There were 12,980 mestizos, 6,368 Spaniards, 1,182 indigenous natives, 1,600 mulattos and 175 African slaves. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin Mulatto is a term used to describe a person with one white parent and one black parent or a person whose Ancestry is a mixture of black and white

In 2000, Cochabamba was wracked with large-scale protests over the privatisation of the city's water supply. Protest expresses relatively overt reaction to events or situations sometimes in favor though more often opposed See Cochabamba protests of 2000. The Cochabamba protests of 2000, also known as "The Cochabamba Water Wars" were a series of protests that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia 's third largest

In January 2007 city dwellers clashed with mostly rural protestors, leaving three dead and over 130 injured. The democratically-elected Prefect of Cochabamba, Manfred Reyes Villa, a former military aide to the Luis García Meza dictatorship of the 1980s, had allied himself with the leaders of Bolivia's Eastern Departments in a dispute with President Evo Morales over regional autonomy and other political issues. Manfred Reyes Villa (born April 20, 1954) is a Bolivian politician who was mayor of Cochabamba four times and ran for presidency in 2002 against Luis García Meza Tejada (b August 8, 1932, La Paz, Bolivia) is a former Bolivian dictator Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26 1959 in Orinoca, Oruro) popularly known as Evo (ˈeβo is the President of Bolivia since The protestors blockaded the highways, bridges, and main roads, having days earlier set fire to the departmental seat of government, trying to force the resignation of Reyes Villa. Citizens attacked the protestors, breaking the blockade and routing them, while the police did little to interfere to stop the violence. Further attempts by the protestors to reinstate the blockade and threaten the government were unsuccessful, but the underlying tensions have not been resolved.

In July of 2007, a monument erected by veterans of January's protest movement in honour of those killed and injured by government supporters was destroyed in the middle of the night, reigniting racial conflicts in the city.

People and culture

Currently, Cochabamba is among Bolivia's most economically and socially progressive cities. Commensurate with other large cities in the Andean highlands of South America, Cochabamba is a city of varied contrasts. Its central commercial districts, bounded by Plaza Colón and Plaza 14 de Septiembre, is generally equipped with modern urban amenities, and is where the majority of the city's business and commercial industries are based. An active nightlife is centered around Calle España and also along the broad, tree-lined boulevard, El Prado. In contrast, the remote area adjacent to the Wilstermann International airport, is visibly impoverished with adobe homes and unpaved roads, which is often the first impression visitors acquire while commuting into the city.

The most widely spoken language in Cochabamba is Spanish. Although the Spanish that is spoken in the Cochabamba region is generally regarded as rather conservative in its phonetics and vocabulary, few Quechua and Aymara terminology (guagua [child], papa [potato]) have been incorporated into its standardized form.

As with most cities around the globe, the English language is increasingly spoken and understood, particularly among business executives and westernised Cochabambinos. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States English-language instruction has become incorporated into various levels of Bolivian education from elementary to college levels.

The city's racial demographics consist of the following visible groups in order of prevalence: Western Hemispheric Indigenous (mostly of Quechua ethnicity), Mestizo, Castizo, and Caucasoid. Quechua ( Runa Simi) is a Native American language of South America. Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin Castizo ( or kas•'ti•so is a Spanish word with a general meaning of "pure" or "genuine" The Caucasian race, sometimes the Caucasoid race, is a term of Racial classification, coined around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach for the "

Places of interest

• South America's biggest open-air market, called La Cancha, is open seven days a week in Cochabamba, with Wednesday and Saturday being the busiest days of operation. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Here merchants sell everything imaginable from witchcraft talismans to LCD TVs and iPods. The market is organised and divided in areas depending on the wares being sold.

• Perched atop the San Pedro hill, the 33 m (109 ft) tall statue of the Cristo de la Concordia (seen at right) is the tallest of its kind in the world (although it is commonly believed that the Christ the Redeemer in Rio de Janeiro is the tallest). Christ the Redeemer (O Cristo Redentor is a Statue of Jesus Christ in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Visitors can climb inside up to the arms for a panoramic view of the city.

• The Palacio Portales is an eclectic style mansion with French Renaissance architectural influences. It includes a Louis XVI room, a moor themed room and influences of Alhambra de Granada. This article is about the Alhambra in Granada Spain For other meanings see Alhambra (disambiguation. It is located in the northern neighbourhood of Queru Queru. It was built for Simon Patino, Bolivia's wealthiest industrialist. Simón Iturri Patiño ( Cochabamba, Bolivia 1 June, 1862 - Buenos Aires, Argentina 20 April, 1947) Currently the Palacio Portales holds tours as well as a library, art galleries and many gardens on the property.

• The Tunari National Park flanks the city like a crescent to the north and northwest. Paragliding, trekking and bird watching tours are offered by several tourist agencies.

• Villa Tunari (not to be confused with the Tunari National Park) is a small town in the eastern Cochabamba rainforest where visitors often go to see the animal refuge Inti Wara Yassi that houses several monkey species, pumas and exotic birds. Villa Tunari is a town in the Chapare Province, Cochabamba Department, Bolivia. Inti Wara Yassi is Volunteer non-profit organization from Bolivia whose goal is the protection of vulnerable Animals and the rehabilitation of imprisoned An annual fish fair is held, where many varieties of trout and surubi fish can be delected.

• The Parque Mariscal Santa Cruz is a recreational park located in the Chimba neighbourhood. There is Gaudi inspired architecture in the quaint aquarium and surroundings. There is an artificial lake where paddle boats can be driven around fountains. There are also sports fields, dirt bike hills, picnic areas and giant slides.

• El Prado is a prominent commercial strip centred along the tree-lined boulevard, Avenida Ballivian. Attractions include an active night life, upscale restaurants and cafes, and upper-income condominium highrises.

• On the Northern side of Rio Rocha is La Recoletta and Avenida Pando. La Recoleta Cemetery is a famous cemetery located in the exclusive Recoleta neighbourhood of Buenos Aires, Argentina. This is the modern and chic area, center of the night life, where you'll find Cochabamba's 10-pin bowling alley, 10-screen movie theatre, a Mercedes-Benz dealership and many restaurants, cafes and nightclubs.

• The Cochabamba Country Club is located between Laguna Alalay and San Pedro Hill. There is an 18-hole golf course, 15 clay tennis courts, a swimming pool, skeet shooting, and horseback riding.

• The Cochabamba Bolivia Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was dedicated on April 30, 2000 and is located in the neighbourhood of Queru Queru Alto. The Cochabamba Bolivia Temple is the 82nd operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar.

• Cochabamba is home to several Catholic churches including the Convento de San Francisco built in 1607 which is made of rainforest wood and has a gold leaf altar. The Main Plaza Cathedral's facade reflects a mestizo fusion of Spanish Baroque and Indigenous architectural styles.

• There are two shopping malls operating in Cochabamba. The larger of the two is located next to the IC Norte Supermarket in the Sarco neighbourhood on Avenida Melchor Perez de Olguin. It includes an arcade, several levels of shopping boutiques, a food court and a movie theatre. Seasonal fashion shows are held on the first level. The second mall is located in the Torres Sofer highrise building near downtown Cochabamba. Here you'll find boutiques, travel agencies, commercial offices (including plastic surgeons) and expensive imported merchandise.

• The CineCenter is Cochabamba's largest movie theatre circuit located in the La Recoleta district. It features 16 movie auditoriums, arcade and an 11 station food court.

Education

The city is the home of the Universidad Mayor de San Simón, one of the largest and most prominent public universities in Bolivia; the Universidad Catolica Boliviana "San Pablo"; and several smaller private universities such as the Universidad Privada Boliviana, Universidad del Valle, Universidad de Aquino Bolivia and others.

Airport

Cochabamba is served by the modern Jorge Wilstermann International Airport (IATA code CBB), which handles domestic and international flights. Jorge Wilstermann International Airport, known in Spanish as Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Wilstermann is an Airport serving the city of It also houses the headquarters of Lloyd Aereo Boliviano, Bolivia's national airline. TAM Mercosur and Aerosur are two airlines that also service this airport. AeroSur is a Cargo airline based at El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá, Colombia.

Neighbourhoods

Cochabamba is a steadily emerging market within the Bolivian real estate industry. Real estate is a legal term (in some jurisdictions notably in the USA, United Kingdom An annual mild climate, abundant greenery, mountain vistas, and a progressive local economy are factors that have contributed to the city's appeal for Bolivian nationals, expatriates and foreigners alike. Historic and affluent neighbourhoods such as Cala Cala, El Mirador, and Lomas de Aranjuez showcase some of the city's most distinguished residences.

• Queru Queru - North
• La Recoleta - North
• Cala Cala - North
• Lomas de Aranjuez - North
• El Mirador - North
• Las Brisas - North
• Sarco - Northwest
• Mayorazgo - Northwest
• Barrio Profesional - Northwest
• America Oeste - Northwest
• Colquiri - Northwest
• Muyurina - Northeast
• Tupuraya - Northeast

• Hippodromo - West
• Villa Busch - West
• Temporal - North
• La Chimba - Southwest
• Aeropuerto - Southwest
• Ticti Norte - Fringe North
• Jaihuayco - South
• Zona sud - South
• Ticti - South
• Valle Hermoso - South

Satellite cities and towns

• Quillacollo
• Sacaba
• Vinto
• Colcapirhua
• Tiquipaya
• Cliza
• Tarata
• Punata

Additional notes of interest

• A scene in the 1983 remake of Scarface is based in Cochabamba, albeit in actuality, was filmed in Montecito, California. Quillacollo is the capital of Quillacollo Province, Bolivia. Population and growth The city of Quillacollo is located 13 km (8 miles westward Sacaba is the capital of the Bolivian province of Chapare. The city located 13 kilometers eastward from Cochabamba, is the second largest city in the Cochabamba Tarata is a city in the Tacna Region in southern Peru. It is the capital of Tarata Province. Punata is the capital of Punata Province, Bolivia. Punata is a small province located south of city of Cochabamba Bolivia ' Scarface' is a 1983 Crime film directed by Brian De Palma, written by Oliver Stone and starring Al Pacino as Tony Montana Montecito is a Census-designated place (CDP in Santa Barbara County California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean.

• Bolivia's only female President, Lydia Gueiler Tejada was born in Cochabamba. Lidia Gueiler Tejada (born on August 28, 1921, in Cochabamba) was the first female President of Bolivia, serving in an Interim She is a distant relative of Raquel Welch (born Jo Raquel Tejada) who visited with President Gueiler and her Bolivian family in 2002. Raquel Welch (born September 5 1940 is a Golden Globe -winning American actor who achieved fame as a Hollywood sex symbol during the 1960s Ironically, President Lydia Gueiler Tejada's term was cut short by a bloody coup led by another distant relative of the Tejada family, Luis García Meza Tejada with the backing of notorious Nazi Klaus Barbie. Lidia Gueiler Tejada (born on August 28, 1921, in Cochabamba) was the first female President of Bolivia, serving in an Interim Luis García Meza Tejada (b August 8, 1932, La Paz, Bolivia) is a former Bolivian dictator Klaus Barbie ( October 25, 1913 &ndash September 25, 1991) was an SS - Hauptsturmführer, Soldier

• Famed teacher Jaime Escalante, upon whom the American movie Stand and Deliver was based, retired to Cochabamba with his wife in 2001 and teaches occasionally at the local university. Jaime Escalante (b December 31, 1930) is a professor and teacher of Mathematics who gained renown and distinction for his work at Garfield High Stand and Deliver is a 1988 Film dramatizing the work of Jaime Escalante, a dedicated High school mathematics Teacher

• Bolivia's richest man, Simon Patino, was born into a poor mestizo family in Santivanez, one of Cochabamba's outlying valleys. Simón Iturri Patiño ( Cochabamba, Bolivia 1 June, 1862 - Buenos Aires, Argentina 20 April, 1947) He became a clerk at a tin mine and eventually amassed wealth by selling tin to Europe as Europe's mines were running empty in the late 1800s. He eventually controlled 35% of the world's tin production valued at over 1 billion dollars. In 1924 he returned to Cochabamba to settle down but was socially discriminated against by the local Eurocentric aristocracy for being a "cholo". Cholo was applied to individuals of mixed American Indian and Mestizo ancestry He left for Paris, France and only returned to be buried at his blue marble mausoleum in his beloved Cochabamba. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

• The Cochabambino folkloric musical group Los Kjarkas composed the song titled, "Llorando Se Fue" which earned national popularity. Los Kjarkas is a Bolivian band one of the most popular Andean pop bands in the country's recent history During the late 1980s, the French/Brazilian group Kaoma recorded a song tited "Lambada" which contained the melody and lyrical content (translated to Portuguese) from the original Los Kjarkas song. Kaoma was a pop group made up in France of former members of the band Touré Kunda: Chyco Dru (bassist Jacky Arconte (guitarist Jean-Claude Bonaventure (producer Kaoma's "Lambada" went on to sell over 5 million copies worldwide and became the signature track of the Brazilian Lambada dance and music genre . Los Kjarkas filed and won a lawsuit against Kaoma on the grounds of unauthorised use of their material.

• The "Butcher of Lyon" Klaus Barbie went by the name Klaus Altmann and lived near the Santa Ana de Cala Cala church before he was sent to France in the early 1980s to face criminal charges for the atrocities committed during World War II. Klaus Barbie ( October 25, 1913 &ndash September 25, 1991) was an SS - Hauptsturmführer, Soldier The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

• On May 27, 1812 during the Colonial Revolution, Cochabamba's women, children, and elderly residents, led by the 60-year-old nearly-blind Josefa Manuela Gandarillas, waged a heroic defence of Cochabamba against Spanish Royalist troops seeking to quell the revolution. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The defenders were massacred, but their patriotism was commemorated on 8 November 1927 when May 27 was formally established as Mother's Day in Bolivia. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed

• Leading Peruvian novelist and essayist Mario Vargas Llosa lived in Cochabamba from 1937 to 1945. Jorge Mario Pedro Vargas Llosa (born March 28 1936 is a Peruvian writer Politician, Journalist, and Essayist.

• Tadeo Haenke (born 1751) was a Bohemian botanist/naturalist who organised and founded Latin America's first botanical garden in Cochabamba, whilst collaborating under the command of the Italian-descended/Spanish-born explorer Alejandro Malaspina. Thaddäus Xaverius Peregrinus Haenke (Tadeáš Haenke Tadeo Haenke 6 December 1761 &ndash 14 November 1816) was a Geographer Bohemians are the people of Bohemia, in the Czech Republic, inhabitants of the former Kingdom of Bohemia located in the modern day Czech Republic Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes Alessandro Malaspina (also spelled Alexandro and Alejandro; November 5, 1754 - April 9, 1810) was an Italian Haenke resided in Cochabamba for several years up until the time of his death in 1817.

• Cochabamba is also mentioned in the Documentary "The Corporation", about their fight against privatisation of water by a US owned company. The people protested against this and won. The privatisation had gone to such an extent that even rain water was not allowed to be collected. Read Cochabamba protests of 2000. The Cochabamba protests of 2000, also known as "The Cochabamba Water Wars" were a series of protests that took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia 's third largest

Cochabambino emigration

• Historically, Cochabamba has been a destination for many Bolivians from the western highlands due to relatively improved economic opportunities and a more temperate climate. Bolivia's current President Evo Morales and ex-president Gonzalo Sanchez de Lozada were both Senators representing Cochabamba, although they were born in Oruro and La Paz respectively and immigrated to Cochabamba at the start of their political careers. Juan Evo Morales Ayma (born October 26 1959 in Orinoca, Oruro) popularly known as Evo (ˈeβo is the President of Bolivia since Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada Sánchez Bustamante (born July 1, 1930, La Paz) familiarly known as "Goni" is a Bolivian politician Oruro may refer to Oruro Bolivia - capital of the Bolivian Oruro Department Oruro Department - one of nine departments in Bolivia Nuestra Señora de La Paz is the administrative Capital of Bolivia, as well as the departmental capital of La Paz Department.

• After the road to the then-isolated eastern town of Santa Cruz de la Sierra was completed in the 1950s, thousands of Cochabambinos migrated to the lowlands and permanently settled there causing the population of that city to mushroom from 50,000 in 1950 to over 1,500,000 today. Santa Cruz de La Sierra, commonly known as Santa Cruz, is the capital city of the Santa Cruz department in eastern Bolivia. Many Cochabambino migrants and their descendants now identify themselves as Cambas after absorbing the regional Bolivian culture of the eastern lowlands, but maintain familiar ties with relatives that remained in Cochabamba.

• Within the Greater Washington, D.C.-Baltimore-Northern Virginia area, there is a large population of Bolivian and Bolivian-descended residents (2005 US Census estimates 27,452 +/- 8,883 Bolivians for DC^[1], Virginia^[2], and Maryland^[3]), with the highest concentration in Arlington County, Virginia, U.S.; however, these figures may represent a Census undercount of undocumented Bolivian alien residents. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Northern Virginia (colloquially referred to as "NOVA" or "NoVA" consists of several The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the These combined communities have become the centre for recent and established Bolivian immigrants, most of whom are from the department and city of Cochabamba, hence, locally regarded as Little Cochabamba or Arlibamba. Situated within Little Cochabamba are Bolivian-cuisine restaurants and the Escuela Bolivia; a school-within-a-school programme for children and adults.

• After to the mid-1990s decade, lower-income Cochabambinos have immigrated to Bergamo, Italy in search of work. Bergamo ( Bèrghem in Lombard, antiquated Wälsch-Bergen in German) is a town in Lombardy, Italy, about Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Most of the 16,400 (2005 estimate) Bolivians in Bergamo are from Cochabamba, which includes both legal and work visa-expired immigrants. The emigration from Cochanamba to Bergamo is a consequence of the strong relationship between the Roman Catholic Diocese of Bergamo and tha Archdiocese of Cochabamba.

References

External links

• The History of Cochabamba (Spanish)
• Escuela Bolivia in Little Cochabamba, Arlington, Virginia, USA
• Bolivia-Online.net Information about Cochabamba
• Cbba.info Map of Cochabamba City
• 3dLatinAmerica.com Many 3-dimensional high-quality images of Cochabamba (also viewable in standard 2-D)
• The Spitting Llama Tourist Information and Bookstore

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