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Coat of Arms of the Basque Country
Coat of Arms of the Basque Country

The current Basque coat of arms (Spanish: Escudo del País Vasco,Basque: Euskal autonomi erkidegoaren armarria[1]) is the official coat of arms of the Basque Country, Autonomous community of Spain. The Basque Country ( Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community in northern Spain. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people The Basque Country ( Basque Euskadi, Spanish País Vasco) is an autonomous community in northern Spain. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. It consists of a party per cross representing the three historical territories of Álava, Guipuscoa and Biscay, as well as a fourth, void quarter. Divisions of the field is a heraldic term referring to the pattern on a shield Álava (Araba is a province of northern Spain in the southern part of the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Guipúzcoa ( Spanish) or Gipuzkoa ( Basque and official is a province of the Basque Country, in Spain. Population Of the 1133444 people who live in Biscay about 35% live in the capital Bilbao and 88% in its metropolitan area. The arms are ringed by a regal wreath of oak leaves, symbolic of the Gernikako Arbola. Gernikako Arbola ("the tree of Gernika " in Basque) is an Oak tree that symbolizes traditional freedoms for the Biscayan The fourth quarter once constituted the linked chains of Navarre; however, following a legal suit by the Navarre Government claiming that the usage of the arms of a region on the flag of another was illegal, the Constitutional Court of Spain bound to remove the chains of Navarre in a judgment of 1986. The Constitutional Court of Spain (Tribunal Constitucional de España is the highest judicial body with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes of [2][3]

Contents

Origin

In 1936, the Provisional Government of Euzkadi, presided over by the first president, José Antonio Aguirre, adopted a shield with the arms of the three provinces of the Basque Country and those of Navarre. José Antonio Aguirre y Lecube ( 6 March, 1904 &ndash 22 March, 1960) was a political figure of the Basque Nationalism. The president of the government affirmed in the preamble to the Decree of 19 October 1936, and thereby approved, the emblem and flag that was to be used by the Basque Country. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thus the shield of the Government of Euzkadi contained the arms of Álava, Guipuscoa, Biscay and Navarre in a single blazon of four quarters surrounded by a crown of oak leaves. The Provisional Government of Euzkadi stated that "the flag must be that which gathers Basque unity and which the use, ever more frequent in the Basque lands, has sanctioned as such symbol of their unity. "[4]

This shield, like the rest of the autonomous communities, disappeared after the pro-Franco victory in the Spanish Civil War. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of However, on 2 November 1978, the Consejo General del País Vasco (General Council of the Basque Country), recovered the republican shield, albeit modified as follows:

  1. The Álava quarter lost the motto "En aumento de la justicia contra malhechores"[5] and both the designs of the castle and of the arm with sword were changed. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The castle is now on top of a grey rock and the arm and sword are light blue in colour.
  2. In the Biscay quarter, the wolves of the arms of the Haro family were suppressed in 1986 and the field changed from gules to argent, the bordure from argent to gold, the crosses from sinople to gules, and the ground (terrase) from sinople to maroon. In Heraldry, gules (pronounced with a hard 'g' is the tincture with the colour Red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours" In Heraldry, argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals" In Heraldry, a bordure is a contrasting border around a shield traditionally one-sixth as wide as the shield itself This article describes the heraldic tincture vert For other uses see Vert (disambiguation. [6][7][8][9]
  3. In the Guipuscoa quarter, the field changed from argent to gold, and the ground (terrase) was removed, leaving only the trees and the waves. [10][11]
  4. The fourth quarter once constituted the linked chains of Navarre, however, following a legal suit by the Navarre government claiming that the usage of the arms of a region on the flag of another was illegal, the Constitutional Court of Spain forced the Basque government to remove the chains of Navarre leaving the red background. The Constitutional Court of Spain (Tribunal Constitucional de España is the highest judicial body with the power to determine the constitutionality of acts and statutes of [12]

In 1991 the Basque Government standardised the colours used in the shield. [13]

The Basque nationalist parties use an unofficially recognised Basque coat of arms. Basque nationalism is a movement with roots in the Carlism and the loss by the laws of 1839 and 1876 of the Ancien Régime relationship between the Basque provinces It differs from the original one by being divided into six squares and by including the coat of arms of the Basque regions in France. [14]

Division of the field

The arms of Álava are symbolic of the province's independence, with the dexter arm ready to fight its enemies. [15]

The Gernikako Arbola is depicted in the arms of Biscay as a testament to its importance. Gernikako Arbola ("the tree of Gernika " in Basque) is an Oak tree that symbolizes traditional freedoms for the Biscayan [16]

In the arms of Guipuzcoa the champagne symbolises the Bay of Biscay and the trees the tripartite division of the province. The color champagne is a name given for several pale shades of Yellow or Beige. Cantabrian Sea redirects here Not to be confused with Biscay Bay Newfoundland and Labrador or Biscayne Bay. [15]

The fourth quarter of the Basque coat of arms once constituted the linked chains present in the coat of arms of Navarre.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Euskalerriko Armak eta Banderak (Basque). Quartering in Heraldry is a method of joining several different coats of arms together in one shield by dividing the shield into equal parts and placing Zazpiak Bat, coined by the Basque Explorer Antoine-Thomson d'Abbadie in the nineteenth century from the Basque words zazpiak Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  2. ^ Muñoz, Oscar Sánchez. Sentencia TC 94/1985, de 29 de julio (Spanish). Materiales de Derecho Constitucional. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  3. ^ Consejo General del País Vasco. ACUERDO de 13 de Noviembre de 1978 de adopción del emblema de Euzkadi. (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  4. ^ Santiago, Dotor (1998-10-28). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Coat-of-Arms (Basque Country, Spain) (English). CRW Flags. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the
  5. ^ Armas de la Hermandad de Álava (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  6. ^ Armas de la Provincia de Vizcaya (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  7. ^ Vizcaya retoca su escudo (Spanish). Noticias de protocolo. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  8. ^ Escudo de Vizcaya (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  9. ^ Iconografía de los Señores de Vizcaya en el siglo XIII (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  10. ^ Armas de la Provincia de Guipúzcoa (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  11. ^ Escudo y bandera del territorio histórico de Guipúzcoa (Spanish). Juntas Generales de Gipuzkoa. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  12. ^ Ajuria Enea retira las cadenas de Navarra de su escudo (Spanish). El Mundo. El Mundo ( Spanish for "The World" full name El Mundo del Siglo Veintiuno, "The World of the 21st century" is the second largest Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  13. ^ DECRETO 690/1991, de 17 de diciembre, por el que se regulan las especificaciones técnicas y la utilización de los elementos gráficos de identidad visual del Gobierno Vasco. (Spanish). Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  14. ^ Lee Rasmussen, Irene. A Picture Speaks A Thousand Words: An Analysis of Terrorist Emblems (English). University of Saint Andrews. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.
  15. ^ a b Aquitaine - Chapter 18. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the
  16. ^ Olsen, Brad. Sacred Places Europe: 108 Destinations. CCC Publishing. Retrieved on 2007-10-15. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the


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