19th century coastal artillery guns preserved in Suomenlinna fortress in Helsinki

Coastal artillery is the branch of armed forces concerned with operating mobile anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications. Suomenlinna, until 1918 Viapori, ( Finnish) or Sveaborg ( Swedish) is an inhabited sea fortress built on six islands today within Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for

History

Coastal artillery appeared in Europe almost as soon as the introduction of cannons during the 16th century; when a colonial power took over an overseas territory, one of their first tasks was to build a coastal fortress, both to deter rival naval powers and to subjugate the natives. | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural During the 19th century China also built hundreds of coastal fortresses in an attempt to counter Western naval threats. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

Coastal artillery could be part of the Navy (as in Scandinavian countries, war-time Germany, and the Soviet Union), or part of the Army (as in Anglophone countries). Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 An Anglophone (or anglophone) is someone who speaks the English language. In the United Kingdom, coastal artillery was the responsibility of the Royal Garrison Artillery. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Royal Artillery, is the common name for the Royal Regiment of Artillery, is an Arm of the British Army.

In the United States, coastal artillery was established in 1794 as a branch of the Army and a series of construction programs of coastal defenses began: the "First System" in 1794, the "Second System" in 1804, the "Third System" or "Permanent System" in 1816, and the "Endicott System" in 1890 (with disappearing guns mounted in batteries). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Several boards have been appointed by US presidents or Congress to evaluate the US defensive fortifications primarily coastal defenses near strategically important harbors on the US shores During World War II the role of the U. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including S. coastal artillery was shifted from anti-ship to anti-aircraft with the advent of the airplane and airpower. Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft.

It has been held as a general rule of thumb, that one shore based gun equaled three naval guns of the same caliber.

After World War II the advent of jet aircraft and guided missiles reduced the role of coastal artillery in defending a country against air and sea attacks while also rendering fixed artillery emplacements vulnerable to enemy strikes. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including A jet aircraft is an Aircraft propelled by Jet engines Jet aircraft fly much faster than Propeller -powered aircraft and at higher altitudes -- as high as Guided Missile is a London based Independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994. In countries where coastal artillery has not been disbanded, these forces have acquired amphibious capabilities akin to that of the Marine Corps. Marines (from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, from Latin language mare, meaning sea via French adjective In constricted waters, such mobile coastal artillery armed with surface-to-surface missiles still can be used to deny the use of sea lanes from a modern opponent. A surface-to-surface missile (also ground-to-ground missile, SSM or GTGM) is a guided projectile launched from a hand-held vehicle mounted trailer mounted

Schematic of a coastal fortification with a rotating gun turret.

Coastal fortification with fixed guns.

Examples

See also

• Artillery
• Disappearing gun
• Oozlefinch
• Railway gun

External links

• Glossary
• A brief history of the coast artillery corps
• Harbor Defenses of the United States of America
• Defenses along the Pacific Coast of the United States
• Coast defence, 1911 Britannica
• Fort Adams
• Fort Carroll
• Photographs of the Bermuda Garrison.
• Bunker Pictures - Pictures, locations, information about bunkers from WW2, The Atlantikwall and the Cold War

This military base or fortification article is a stub. Dover Turret, also known as the Admiralty Pier Turret is an enclosed armoured turret built in 1882 on the western breakwater of Dover harbour The Tyne Turrets were 2 12" guns from HMS Illustrious, installed in Roberts Battery at Hartley, near Seaton Sluice north of the Tyne, and Kitchener During the Second World War, cross-Channel guns were long-range Coastal artillery pieces placed on the English Channel coasts of Kent, England The Palmerston Forts are a group of forts and associated structures around the coast of Britain. Fort Siloso ( Chinese: 西乐索炮台 is the sole restored coastal gun battery from the twelve such batteries which made up "Fortress Singapore" at the start of History of Queenscliff In 1852 the Lieutenant Governor of Victoria C Coastal fortifications were constructed in New Zealand in two main waves The Battle of Wake Island began simultaneously with the Attack on Pearl Harbor and ended on December 23, 1941, with the surrender of the American Harbor Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays (formerly "Coast Defenses of Manila and Subic Bays" were part of the Philippine Department of the United States Army Fort Mills ( Corregidor, the Philippines) was the location of US Major General George F The Atlantikwall ( English: Atlantic wall) was an extensive system of coastal fortifications built by the German Third Reich Hanstholm fortress ( German: Festung Hanstholm, Danish: Hanstholm batteri) was a large sea fortress constructed by Germany at During the Second World War, cross-Channel guns were long-range Coastal artillery pieces placed on the English Channel coasts of Kent, England The Battle of Callao (in Spanish, sometimes called el Combate del Dos de Mayo in South America or Guerra del Pacífico in Spain occurred on CorralFortJPG|thumb|right|250px|General view of the fort in Corral]]The Fort System of Valdivia are a series of Spanish colonial fortifications at Corral Bay, The Swedish Coastal artillery has its origin in the Archipelago Artillery that was raised in 1866 The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Peter the Great's naval fortress or the Tallinn-Porkkala defence station was a Russian fortification line which aimed to block access to the Russian capital Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine A disappearing gun is a type of heavy (mainly coastal Artillery, which can be retracted (or recoils after firing into a protected housing or Bunker. Oozlefinch is the unofficial historic mascot of the Air Defense Artillery &ndash and formerly of Coastal Artillery &ndash of the United States Army. A railway gun, also called railroad gun is a large Artillery piece designed to be placed on Rail tracks. Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.