The term coalition of the willing is a post-1990 political phrase used to describe military or military/humanitarian interventions for which the United Nations Security Council cannot agree to mount a full UN peacekeeping operation. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace It has existed in the political science/international relations literature at least since UN peacekeeping operations began to run into deep trouble in 1993-94, and alternatives began to be considered. One early documented use of the phrase was by President Bill Clinton in June 1994 in relation to possible operations against North Korea, at the height of the 1994 stand-off with North Korea over nuclear weapons. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States ^[1]

It has been applied to the Australian-led INTERFET operation in East Timor, and, in its most well-known example, the U. The International Force for East Timor (INTERFET was a multinational Peacekeeping taskforce mandated by the United Nations to address the humanitarian and security S. -led invasion of Iraq in March 2003.

Contents 1 Usage over Iraq 2 Criticism of US 3 References 4 External links

Usage over Iraq

Further information: Multinational force in Iraq

In November 2002, U.S. President George W. Bush, visiting Europe for a NATO summit, declared that "should Iraqi President Saddam Hussein choose not to disarm, the United States will lead a coalition of the willing to disarm him. Multi-National Force - Iraq (MNF-I, is a military command, led by the United States that is fighting the Iraq War against Iraqi insurgents or resistants The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. The North Atlantic Treaty Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 "^[2]

Thereafter, the Bush administration briefly used the term "Coalition of the Willing" to refer to the countries who supported, militarily or verbally, the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent military presence in post-invasion Iraq since 2003. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Iraq War|2007 in Iraq|2008 in IraqThe post-invasion period in Iraq The original list prepared in March 2003 included 49 members. ^[3] Of those 49, only four besides the U. S. contributed troops to the invasion force (the United Kingdom, Australia, Poland, and Denmark). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe 33 provided some number of troops to support the occupation after the invasion was complete. Six members have no military.

Costa Rica (which has no armed forces) requested in September 2004 to no longer be considered a member. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in Today, the official White House list of the coalition shows 48 member states (even though it still maintains the count at 49);^[4] however, the relevance of placing several of these members on the list has been questioned. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence ^[5] Turkey remains on the list despite reneging on its support before the war began and denying U. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches S. forces passage to its border with Iraq during the invasion.

Criticism of US

Specific uses of the phrase in the context of disarming Iraq began appearing in mid-2001.

Iraq War critics such as John Pilger have pointed out that 98% of the military is from the U. The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign John Richard Pilger (born October 9, 1939) is a multi-award-winning Australian born journalist and documentary filmmaker from S. and Britain and is therefore accurately described as a predominantly Anglo-American force rather than as a coalition.

Salon.com columnist Laura McClure, noting the large amounts of foreign aid money being offered in exchange for supporting the Iraq War, referred to Bush's coalition as the "Coalition of the billing". Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Aid (from the french word aide, also known as international aid, overseas aid, or foreign aid, especially in the United States) is ^[6]

In a 2004 U. S. presidential debate, Democratic presidential candidate John Kerry questioned the size of the coalition, saying that Bush portrayed the effort as a widespread international consensus when actually only two major allies of the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia, had comparatively substantial numbers of soldiers on the ground during the initial invasion. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. President Bush responded by saying, "Well, actually, he forgot Poland". The phrase You forgot Poland subsequently became a humorous shorthand for the perception that most members of the coalition were not contributing much to the war effort compared to the main three allies. On March 17, 2003, then Polish President Aleksander Kwaśniewski announced that Poland would send about 200 troops to the Persian Gulf The majority of the population in most countries involved did not, according to surveys, support the endeavour or their nation's participation. ^[7]

U.S. Senator Robert Byrd, ranking Democrat on the Senate Appropriations Committee, has referred to the coalition formed for the 2003 invasion of Iraq by the acronym COW, expressing his concern that the United States was being "milked" as a "cash cow. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Robert Carlyle Byrd (born November 20 1917 is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia and a member of the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The US Senate Committee on Appropriations is a Standing committee of the United States Senate. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name In business a cash cow is a product or a business unit that generates unusually high Profit margins so high that it is responsible for a large amount of a company's operating " A Canadian MP, Carolyn Parrish, referred to the "Coalition of the Willing" as the "Coalition of the Idiots". The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and Carolyn Parrish BA, BEd (born October 3, 1946 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian Politician She was reprimanded for these comments, and was eventually removed from the Liberal Party of Canada caucus following a long-standing dispute with Prime Minister Paul Martin over policy. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Paul Edgar Philippe Martin. PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin Jr

Michael Moore devoted one sub-chapter to the Coalition in his book Dude, Where's My Country?. Michael Francis Moore (born April 23 1954 is an Academy Award -winning American filmmaker author and liberal Political commentator. Dude Where's My Country? is a 2003 book by Michael Moore dealing with corporate and political events in the United States. He remarked that most countries in the Coalition did not really help and that several had no army. He dubbed it "The Coalition of the Coerced, Bribed, and Intimidated".

References

External links

• Bush: Join 'Coalition of Willing (CNN)
• Coalition of the Willing List, Map and Troop Numbers from Perspectives on World History and Current Events.
• A Coalition of the "Willing"? Misnomer, February 11, 2003, summary of public opinion on the invasion of Iraq. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic