A coach was originally a large, usually closed, four-wheeled carriage with two or more horses harnessed as a team, driven by a coachman. The White Mountains are a Mountain range that covers about a quarter of the state of New Hampshire and a small portion of western Maine in the New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people usually horse-drawn A coachman was a man whose business it was to drive a coach, a horse-drawn vehicle designed for the conveyance of more than one passenger — and of mail — and covered for It had doors in the sides, with generally a front and a back seat inside and, for the driver, a small, usually elevated seat in front called a box, box seat or coach box.
The name probably came from the Hungarian kocsi, a wagon from the village of Kocs, Hungary. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. A wagon (in British English, sometimes waggon) or dray is a heavy four-wheeled Vehicle. Kocs (pronounced) is a village in Komárom-Esztergom county Hungary. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic [1] Kocs (pronounced "kotch") was the place of manufacture, from the 15th century onwards, of an exceptionally well designed example of such a vehicle with durable and comfortable suspension and steering. Suspension is the term given to the system of springs, Shock absorbers and linkages that connects a Vehicle to its Wheels Suspension Steering is the term applied to the collection of components linkages etc Therefore the English word coach, the Spanish and Portuguese coche, and the German Kutsche all derive from the Hungarian word "kocsi", literally meaning "of Kocs".
A coach with four horses is a coach-and-four. [2] A coach together with the horses, harness and attendants is a turnout. [3]
A coach might have a built-in compartment called a boot, used originally as a seat for the coachman and later for storage. A luggage case for the top of a coach was called an imperial; the top, roof or second-story compartment of a coach was also known as an imperial. [4] The front and rear axles were connected by a main shaft called the perch or reach. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating Wheel or Gear. In some cases the axle may be fixed in position with a bearing or Bushing A crossbar known as a splinter bar supported the springs. Coaches were often decorated by painters using a sable brush called a liner.
In the 19th century the term coach was applied to railway carriages[5], and later to motor coaches. A Railway coach &mdash also known especially in the UK, as a railway carriage &mdash is a passenger car designed for the conveyance of passengers In British English and Australian English, the term coach is used to refer to a large motor vehicle for conveying passengers
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Types of coaches
There are a number of coach types, including:
- araba, aroba or arba: used in Turkey and neighboring countries
- coachee: American, shaped like a coach but longer and open in front
- Concord coach: large, closed, horse-drawn; body swung on thorough braces, driver's seat outside in front, covered baggage compartment at the rear
- drag or park drag: private, seats on top, usually drawn by four horses
- fly: horse-drawn, public
- funeral coach: hearse
- hack or hackney: let for hire
- hackney coach or jarvey: used as a hackney carriage; especially, one with four wheels, drawn by two horses, seats for six persons
- fiacre: small
- rumble-tumble: heavy, moves with a deep rumbling sound
- stagecoach: heavy, usually four-in-hand, closed; formerly made regular trips between stations, carrying passengers and goods
- mail coach or post coach: used for carrying the mails
- mud wagon: lighter and smaller than the Concord coach, flat sides, simpler joinery
- road coach: revived in England during the last half of the 19th century
- tally-ho: a four-in-hand (the Tally-ho was the name of a coach that once plied between London and Birmingham)
- whirlicote: heavy, luxurious
A coach of state is used to convey persons in state. An araba (from Arabic: عربة 'araba) (also arba or aroba) is a Carriage (such as a cab or coach For other meanings see Stagecoach (disambiguation. A stagecoach (also called diligence) is a type of four-wheeled enclosed The park drag carriage was a lighter more elegant version of the Road coach. A fly was a horse-drawn public coach or delivery Wagon, especially one let out for hire For the extreme metal band see Hearse (band A hearse is a Funeral Vehicle, a conveyance for the Coffin See also Taxicab ||-||-||}A hackney or hackney carriage (also called a cab or hack) is a Carriage or Automobile See also Taxicab ||-||-||}A hackney or hackney carriage (also called a cab or hack) is a Carriage or Automobile Saint Fiacre (Fiachra Fiachrius Fiacrio Fiacre Fèfre Fèvre Fiakrius was born in Ireland in the seventh century For other meanings see Stagecoach (disambiguation. A stagecoach (also called diligence) is a type of four-wheeled enclosed In Great Britain, the mail coach or post coach was a Horse-drawn carriage that carried mail deliveries from 1784 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Tally Ho is an Australian brand of Cigarette rolling paper distributed by Imperial Tobacco Australia. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um The principal ceremonial coaches in the United Kingdom are the Gold State Coach, Irish State Coach and Scottish State Coach. The Gold State Coach is an enclosed four horse-drawn carriage used by the British Royal Family. The Irish State Coach is an enclosed four horse-drawn carriage used by the British Royal Family. The Scottish State Coach is an enclosed four horse-drawn carriage used by the British Royal Family.
Coach miscellany
The business of a coachman (or coachee, formerly coacher) was to drive a coach. He was also called a jarvey or jarvie, especially in Ireland (Jarvey was a nickname for Jarvis). Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world If he drove dangerously fast or recklessly he was a jehu (from Jehu, king of Israel, who was noted for his furious attacks in a chariot (2 Kings 9:20), or a Phaeton (from Greek Phaëton, son of Helios, who attempted to drive the chariot of the sun but managed to set the earth on fire). ' Yehu redirects here for the instrument see Yehu (instrument. The history of Ancient Israel and Judah is known to us from classical sources including Judaism 's Tanakh or Hebrew Bible (known The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples The Books of Kings ( Sefer Melachim, ספר מלכים are a part of Judaism 's Tanakh, the Hebrew Bible. In Greek mythology, Phaëton or Phaethon (ˈfeɪətn or /ˈfeɪəθən/ (Φαέθων "shining" was the son of Helios ( Phoebus In Greek mythology the Sun was personified as Helios (ˈhiliˌɑs ( Ἥλιος Latinized as Helius) A postilion or postillion sometimes rode as a guide on the near horse of a pair or of one of the pairs attached to a coach, especially when there was no coachman. A postilion (or postillion, occasionally Anglicized to "post-boy" By contrast a Coachman would be mounted on the vehicle along with the passengers A guard on a horse-drawn coach was called a shooter.
Traveling by coach, or pleasure driving in a coach, as in a tally-ho, was called coaching. Tally Ho is an Australian brand of Cigarette rolling paper distributed by Imperial Tobacco Australia. In driving a coach, the coachman used a coachwhip, usually provided with a long lash. The word whip describes two basic types of tools A long stick-like device usually slightly flexible with a small bit of leather or cord called a "popper" on the Coachmen and coach passengers might have worn a box coat, a heavy overcoat with or without shoulder capes, used by coachmen riding on the box seat exposed to all kinds of weather. [6] A hammercloth, ornamented and often fringed, sometimes hung over the coachman's seat, especially on a ceremonial coach. [7]
A coach horse or coacher is used or adapted for drawing a coach, as it is typically heavier and of more compact build than a road horse, and exhibits good style and action. [8] Breeds include:
- Breton: heavy, French, for draft or meat
- German coach: large, rather coarse, heavy draft horse or harness horse; bay, brown or black in color
- Hanoverian: developed by crossing heavy cold-blooded German horses with Thoroughbreds
- Holstein: German, heavyweight, for riding and dressage, initially a carriage horse; bay, black or brown. The Breton is a breed of Draft A draft horse, draught horse or dray horse (from the Anglo-Saxon dragan meaning to draw or haul is a large Horse bred for hard heavy tasks A Hanoverian is a Warmblood Horse originating in Germany, which is often seen in the Olympic Games and other competitive English riding Called also Holsteiner, Warmblut, Warmblood.
- Yorkshire coach horse: large, strong, bay or brown; dark legs, mane and tail; belongs to an English breed derived largely from the Cleveland Bay
Sometimes an extra horse, called a cockhorse, was led behind a coach so that it could be hitched before the regular team to assist in passing over steep or difficult terrain.
The Dalmatian is also known as a coach dog or carriage dog, because it was formerly used to run in attendance on a coach.
A coach house was a building for keeping a private carriage in and it often also included stabling for the horses and accommodation for coachman, groom or other servants; it was usually an outbuilding on an estate or adjacent to a large house. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people usually horse-drawn For other uses see Groom A groom is an employee who is responsible for some or all aspects of the welfare of a stable owner's Horses and/or A coaching inn, also called coaching house, located along a route followed by horse-drawn coaches, served coach travelers and offered stabling for the horses of stagecoaches and a place to change horses. This article is about coaching inns in general for individual inns see Stagecoach Inn (Disambiguation In Europe, from approximately the mid 17th
External links
- Coach - LoveToKnow 1911. 1911 Edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica.
- Coaches 1750 to 1900. History Learning Site.
- The Coaches: 'Travellers in Eighteenth-Century England'. Civilization defined and explained in plain English: Library of mainly eighteenth century authors by P. Atkinson.
- Coaching History. By Anne Woodley. Also Coaching Accidents, Coaching Anecdotes and A selection of Georgian Coaches
- Coachman Driven Vehicles. Carriage Museum Of America.
- H3875 Horse drawn coach, mail and passenger coach, timber / metal / leather, made by Cobb and Co. Coach and Buggy Factory, Charleville, Queensland, Australia, 1890 - Powerhouse Museum Collection. Powerhouse Museum | Science + Design | Sydney Australia.
- The History of Coaching--Travelling in Old England--The First Coaches Introduced of The Mail-Coach System--Amateur Coachmen in the Olden Time--Early Coaching Parades--The Dangers of the Road--Highwaymen and Reckless Drivers. The New York Times, May 5, 1878, page 10.
- Col. Delancey Kane and "The Pelham Coach". Historic Pelham.
- Landscape Property|Regency|Georgian|history|lifestyle|house | Going By Coach. Jane Austen Centre Bath UK England.
- Some Coaching Costumes by Marie Weldon, The New York Times, Magazine Supplement, page SM4.
References
- ^ Definition "coach" in Collins English Dictionary & Thesaurus. Reverso : On-line Translator, Free Automatic Translation, Dictionary.
- ^ Definition of coach-and-four by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. Free access.
- ^ Turn out - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ Definition of imperial by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.Free access.
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary
- ^ Box Coat. Probert Encyclopaedia.
- ^ Hammercloth in Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2000).
- ^ Detailed information about specific breeds of horses: Carriage Horses in Britain. Georgian Index.
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