The Cluniac (Clunian) Reform was a series of changes within medieval monasticism, focused on restoring the traditional monastic life, encouraging art and caring for the poor. Those living the monastic life are known by the generic terms Monks (men and Nuns (women Monasticism (from Greek μοναχός, monachos, derived from Greek monos, alone is the religious practice in which one It is named after the Abbey of Cluny in Burgundy, where it started within the Benedictine order. The Abbey of Cluny (or Cluni, or Clugny, pronunciation klyˈni is an abbey in France. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) This article concerns Roman Catholic Order of Saint Benedict see also Benedictine Confederation and Benedictine. The reform was largely carried out by Saint Odo and spread through France (Burgundy, Provence, Auvergne, Poitou), England and much of Italy and Spain. Saint Odo of Cluny (c 878 – 18 November 942) a Saint of the Roman Catholic Church, was the second Abbot of Cluny. Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a Province of Poitou was a province of west-central France whose capital city was Poitiers. [1]
The impetus for the reform was corruption within the Benedictine order, seen to be the result of secular interference in monasteries. Since a Benedictine monastery required land, a local feudal lord would be the patron of a newly started monastery. However, he would often demand the right to interfere in its business. [2] The Cluny reform was an attempt to remedy this practice on the hope that a more independent abbot would have better success at enforcing the Rule of the order. William of Aquitaine formed the first Cluny monastery in 910 with the novel stipulation that the monastery would report directly to the pope rather than to a local lord. William I (died July 6, 918) called the Pious, was the Count of Auvergne from 886 and Duke of Aquitaine from 893 succeeding the In US law, a stipulation is an agreement made between opposing parties prior to a pending hearing or trial. This meant essentially that the monastery would be independent, since the pope's authority was largely theoretical at that distance.
During its height (c. 950–c. 1130) the Cluniac movement was one of the largest religious forces in Europe. [3] Among the most notable reform supporters were Pope Urban II,[4] Lambert of Hersfeld and Abbot Richard of Saint Vannes at Verdun. Pope Lambert of Hersfeld (c 1024 — c 1088 (also called Lampert was a medieval chronicler probably a Thuringian by birth The Cluniacs were supporters of the Peace of God concept, as well as pilgrimages to the Holy Lands. The Peace and Truce of God was a Medieval European movement of the Catholic Church that applied spiritual sanctions in order to limit the violence of Private war [5]
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References
Southern, R. W. , Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages, London: Penguin Books, 1970.
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