The Piarists' Church (Romanian: Biserica Piariştilor, also known as the Jesuits' Church (Biserica Iezuiţilor) or the University Church (Biserica Universităţii); Hungarian: piarista templom), located at 5 Str. The Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools or in short Piarists, is the name of the first Catholic educational order also known as Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Universităţii, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and dedicated to the Holy Trinity, was the first Roman Catholic church built in Transylvania after the Protestant Reformation, as well as the province's first Baroque church building. (pronunciation in Romanian: /'kluʒ na'poka/ Klausenburg Kolozsvár Napoca Castrum Clus Claudiopolis קלויזנבורג Kloiznburg until 1974 Cluj, is the third Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania SSC RF "Troitsk Institute of Innovative and Termonuclear Research" or TRINITY for shprt Троицкий Институт инновационных и термоядерных Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Baroque architecture, starting in the early 17th century in Italy, took the humanist Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical Among the city's more notable edifices, it served as a prototype for numerous other churches in Transylvania. It features a strong contrast between the sober exterior and a very well-decorated, almost exuberant interior. A statue of the Virgin Mary stood in front of the church until 1959, when the Communist authorities moved it to another part of the city.
History
On 13 March 1718, Jesuit priests began a fundraising campaign in order to build the church. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order Bishop Georgius Martonfi laid the cornerstone; the church was completed in 1724 and consecrated the following year by Bishop Joannes Antalfi. The Jesuits were suppressed in 1773 by Pope Clement XIV, so in 1776 Empress Maria Theresa transferred the church to the Piarists. The Suppression of the Jesuits in Portugal, France, the Two Sicilies, Parma and the Spanish Empire by 1767 was a result Pope Clement XIV ( 31 October 1705 &ndash 22 September 1774) born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from Maria Theresa (Maria Theresia see also names in other languages; May 13, 1717 November 29 1780) was the Archduchess regnant The Order of Poor Clerks Regular of the Mother of God of the Pious Schools or in short Piarists, is the name of the first Catholic educational order also known as
The church was restored in 1775, 1831, 1943, 1970 and 2005-6.
On 12 August 1956, priests and some 5,000 lay members of the Romanian Greek-Catholic Church (who appeared on very short notice) organised a protest before the church. The Romanian Church United with Rome Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma Greco-Catolică is an Eastern Rite or Greek-Catholic Church ranked as a Major Its purpose was to demonstrate that their church, banned in 1948, had not ceased to exist, as the regime claimed. Initially they attempted to enter the church and hold mass, but the Roman Catholic priests did not allow them inside for fear of reprisals. Thus an open-air mass was held in front of the church; Fr. Vasile Chindriş in his sermon openly criticised the Communist leadership before masses of worshipers. Every priest who officiated at the liturgy was later arrested and imprisoned. Among the lay persons punished was Vasile Fărcaş, president of the Cluj Tribunal in the interwar period, who served nearly 8 years of a ten-year sentence, and his wife Eugenia.
Description
The church has two clock towers, each 45 m high. There are three narrow vertical windows above the entrance, meant to help illuminate the interior. The main door is surrounded by rich ornamentation; above it there is a bas-relief of the Trinity with the Latin inscription Honori Sanctissimae Trinitatis ("In Honour of the Most Holy Trinity"). A bas-relief (baʁəljɛf in French; French for "low relief" derived from the Italian basso rilievo) or low relief is a Sculpture Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. There are two smaller doors to the left and the right of this one; above each of them is a sculpture of a saint resting in a niche – Ignatius of Loyola and Francis Xavier, works of the Bavarian artist Johannes König. Saint Ignatius redirects here for other Saints see Ignatius. Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Íñigo Oñaz López de Loyola Saint Francis Xavier ( Konkani / Konknni: Sam Fransisku Xavier/ Sanv Fransisk Xavier Basque: San Frantzisko Xabierkoa Spanish: San Francisco Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 Previously, statues of saints John of Nepomuk and Aloysius Gonzaga, also by König, stood near the side entrances. John of Nepomuk or John Nepomucene (Jan Nepomucký (c1345 – March 20, 1393) Basic biographical information Jan Velflín (Welflin Saint Aloysius Gonzaga ( Italian: Luigi Gonzaga, Portuguese and Spanish: Luís de Gonzaga, March 9, 1568 &ndash
In contrast to the simple exterior, the interior is lavishly ornamented. The building has a single nave, 45 m long and 24 m high. In Romanesque and Gothic Christian Abbey, Cathedral Basilica and church Architecture, the nave is the There are three chapels on the sides, each with its own altar and adorned with several paintings. On the walls are to be found the devotional plaques common to Roman Catholic churches, written in Transylvania's main historical languages: Romanian, Hungarian, German and Latin.
The main altar near the choir is grandiose. On the upper part is the Latin inscription Magno Deo uni ac trino laus virtus gloria ("To the one and triune great God praise, honour and glory"), between two angels. The altar is dedicated to the Trinity. Upon it rests an icon of the Virgin Mary, painted on wood and framed in metal; a number of people reported that it shed tears over a two-week period in 1699. An icon (from Greek εἰκών eikōn, "image" is a religious work of art most commonly a painting from Eastern Christianity. This may be the original wonder-working icon from Nicula. Nicula is a village in Cluj County, Romania. Geography It is part of Fizeşu Gherlii commune and has a population Below it are two statues of Jesuit saints, Francis and Ignatius, brought from Vienna in 1726. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria.
The pulpit, the work of Anton Schuchbauer, is decorated on the outside with relief carvings of the Four Evangelists, and in between the pulpit and its crown there is a bas-relief with the most important Jesuit saints. A pulpit (from Latin pulpitum "scaffold" "platform" "stage" is a small elevated platform where a member of the clergy stands The Four Evangelists refers to the authors of the four Gospel accounts in the New Testament that bear the following ancient titles Gospel according Saint Michael is depicted on the pulpit's crown. Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an
Underneath the church building there is a crypt with 140 graves.
References
- Lukács József (2005). Povestea oraşului-comoară. Scurtă istorie a Clujului şi monumentelor sale. Cluj-Napoca: Apostrof. ISBN 973-9279-74-0.
- Gheorghe Bodea (2002). Clujul vechi şi nou. Cluj-Napoca: ProfImage. ISBN 973-0-02539-8.
- (2004) Cluj-Napoca = Claudiopolis. Bucharest: Noi Media Print.
- (2002) Cluj-Napoca - Ghid. Sedona.
- Dorin Alicu, Ion Ciupea, Mihai Cojocneanu, Eugenia Glodariu, Ioana Hica, Petre Iambor, Gheorghe Lazarov (1995). Cluj-Napoca, de la începuturi până azi. Cluj-Napoca: Clusium. ISBN 973-7924-05-3.
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