Clothing (also called accoutrements or accouterments) protects the human body from extreme weather and other features of the environment. The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. The weather is a set of all the phenomena occurring in a given Atmosphere at a given Time. See also Natural environment The '''biophysical''' environment is the symbiosis between the physical environment and the Biological It is worn for safety, comfort, and modesty and to reflect religious, cultural and social meaning. Standards of modesty (also called demureness or reticence) are aspects of the Culture of a Country or people at a given point in time A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic
The practical function of clothing is to protect the human body from dangers in the environment: weather (strong sunlight, extreme heat or cold, and precipitation, for example), insects, noxious chemicals, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances, and other hazards. The human body is the entire physical and mental structure of a Human Organism. Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. In Physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is Energy transferred from one body or system to another due to a difference in Temperature See also Cold (disambiguation The noun cold should not de confused with the noun coldness which is Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Clothing can protect against many things that might injure the naked human body. In some cases clothing protects the environment from the clothing wearer as well (example: medical scrubs). Scrubs are the shirts and trousers or gowns worn by Nurses surgeons and other Operating room personnel when "scrubbing in" for Surgery
Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to practical problems and the distinction between clothing and other protective equipment is not always clear-cut; examples include space suit, air conditioned clothing, armour, diving suit, swimsuit, bee-keeper's costume, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and protective clothing. A space suit is a complex system of Garments equipment and environmental systems designed to keep a person alive and comfortable in the harsh environment of outer space Air conditioned clothing is intended primarily to be used by workers in areas where Air conditioning systems cannot be easily installed such as tunnels and underground construction Armour (or armor) is protective covering most commonly manufactured from metals to prevent damage from being inflicted to an individual or a vehicle through use of direct contact A diving suit is a garment or device designed to protect a diver from the Underwater environment A swimsuit, bathing suit or swimming costume is an item of Clothing designed to be worn for Swimming. Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, Bee) is the maintenance of Honey bee colonies commonly in Hives To improve Motorcycle safety many countries mandate the wearing of Protective clothing by motorcyclists especially High-visibility clothing, a type of Personal protective equipment (PPE is any Clothing worn that has highly reflective properties or a color that is easily Personal protective equipment (PPE refers to protective Clothing, Helmets, Goggles, or other garment designed to protect the wearer's body or
People also decorate their bodies with makeup or cosmetics, scented perfume, and other ornamentation; they also cut, dye, and arrange the hair on their heads, faces, and bodies (see hairstyle), and sometimes also mark their skin (by tattoos, scarifications, and piercings). Variations in the physical appearance of humans, known as human looks, are believed by Anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and Facial hair is a Secondary sex characteristic in human Males Many Men start developing facial hair in the later years of Puberty, approximately Haircut redirects here For the financial term see Haircut (finance. A tattoo is a permanent marking made by inserting ink into the layers of Skin to change the pigment for decorative or other reasons Scarifying involves scratching etching or some sort of superficial cutting or incision Body piercing is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the Human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn All these decorations contribute to the overall effect and message of clothing, but do not constitute clothing.
Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses, canes, and umbrellas) are normally counted as fashion accessories rather than as clothing, but hats and small dress sweaters can be called clothing or accessories. In American English, a purse is a small Bag, also called a handbag or a pocketbook. A cane is a long straight wooden stick generally of Bamboo, Malacca ( Rattan) or some similar plant mainly used as a support such as a Walking stick "Parasol" redirects here For other uses see Umbrella (disambiguation, Umbrella (song or Parasol (disambiguation Fashion accessories are decorative items that supplement one's garment, such as Jewelry, Gloves, Handbags, Hats belts, Jewellery and eyeglasses are usually counted as accessories as well, even though in common speech these particular items are described as being worn rather than carried. Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones Glasses, also called eyeglasses or spectacles, are frames bearing lenses worn in front of the Eyes normally for vision correction,
Origin and history of clothing
According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing probably consisted of fur, leather, leaves or grass, draped, wrapped or tied about the body for protection from the elements. The history of clothing and textiles attempts an objective survey of Clothing and Textiles throughout human history identifying Materials Tools The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Fur is a body hair of any non-human Mammal, also known as the Pelage. Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, then the Soviet Union, in 1988. A sewing needle is a long slender tool with a pointed tip The first needles were made of bone or wood modern ones are manufactured from high carbon steel wire nickel- or gold plated The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that indicates that they originated about 107,000 years ago. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of The Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology ( German: Max-Planck-Institut für evolutionäre Anthropologie The body louse ( Pediculus humanus humanus, sometimes called Pediculus humanus corporis) is a Louse which infests humans Since most humans have very sparse body hair, body lice require clothing to survive, so this suggests a surprisingly recent date for the invention of clothing. Its invention may have coincided with the spread of modern Homo sapiens from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of However, a second group of researchers used similar genetic methods to estimate that body lice originated about 540,000 years ago (Reed et al. 2004. PLoS Biology 2(11): e340). For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.
Some human cultures, such as the various peoples of the Arctic Circle, until recently made their clothing entirely of furs and skins, cutting clothing to fit and decorating lavishly. The Arctic Circle is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth.
Other cultures have supplemented or replaced leather and skins with cloth: woven, knitted, or twined from various animal and vegetable fibres.
Although modern consumers take clothing for granted, making the fabrics that go into clothing is not easy. This article describes textile weaving For other senses of this word see Weaving (disambiguation. "Knit" redirects here See also KNIT and Knitted fabric. One sign of this is that the textile industry was the first to be mechanized during the Industrial Revolution; before the invention of the powered loom, textile production was a tedious and labor-intensive process. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the The first power loom, a mechanized Loom powered by a Drive shaft, was designed in 1784 by Edmund Cartwright and first built in 1785 later to be perfected Therefore, methods were developed for making most efficient use of textiles.
One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many peoples wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit — for example, the dhoti for men and the saree for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The pancha in Telugu, called dhoti or doti in Hindi, Laacha in Punjabi, Mundu in Malayalam for the town in Nepal see Sari Nepal A sari or saree or shari is a female garment in the Indian subcontinent This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. The kilt is a knee-length garment with pleats at the rear originating in the traditional dress of men and boys in the Scottish Highlands of the 16th century Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. A sarong or sarung (ˈsaɾoŋ in Malay, and səˈrɒŋ in English) is a large sheet of fabric, often wrapped around the waist and worn as The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.
Another approach involves cutting and sewing the cloth, but using every bit of the cloth rectangle in constructing the clothing. The tailor may cut triangular pieces from one corner of the cloth, and then add them elsewhere as gussets. Traditional European patterns for men's shirts and women's chemises take this approach. A shirt is a cloth garment for the upper body Originally an item of underwear worn exclusively by men it has become in American English a catch-all term for The term chemise can refer to the classic smock or shift, or else can refer to certain modern types of women's undergarments and dresses
Modern European fashion treats cloth much more prodigally, typically cutting in such a way as to leave various odd-shaped cloth remnants. Fashion refers to styles of dress (but can also include cuisine literature art architecture and general comportment that are popular in a culture at any given time Industrial sewing operations sell these as waste; home sewers may turn them into quilts. A quilt is a type of Bedding — a bed covering composed of a quilt top a layer of batting, and a layer of fabric for backing generally combined using the technique
In the thousands of years that humans have spent constructing clothing, they have created an astonishing array of styles, many of which we can reconstruct from surviving garments, photos, paintings, mosaics, etc. A photograph (often shortened to photo) is an Image created by Light falling on a light-sensitive surface usually Photographic film or an electronic Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic , as well as from written descriptions. Costume history serves as a source of inspiration to current fashion designers, as well as a topic of professional interest to costumers constructing for plays, films, television, and historical reenactment. Fashion design is the Applied art dedicated to Clothing and lifestyle Accessories created within the cultural and social influences of a specific time This article is about people called professionals For the Movie, see The Professional or Leon. A play, or stageplay, is a form of Literature written by a Playwright, almost always consisting of Dialogue between Fictional characters Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic "Reenactment" redirects here For the 1968 Romanian film see The Reenactment.
- See also: History of Western fashion and :Category:History of clothing
Social status
In many societies, people of high rank reserve special items of clothing or decoration for themselves as symbols of their social status. The history of Western fashion is the story of the changing Fashions in Clothing for men and women in Western Europe and other countries under Emir Mohammed Alim Khan ( January 3 1880 &ndash April 28 1944) was the last Emir of the Manghit Dynasty, A robe is a loose-fitting outer garment. A robe is distinguished from a Cape or Cloak by the fact that it usually has Sleeves The English In Sociology or Anthropology, social status is the honor or prestige attached to one's position in Society (one's Social position) In ancient times, only Roman senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple; only high-ranking Hawaiian chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa or carved whale teeth. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Feather Cloak was made in the early 2nd century BC. It was a garment of great price and value to the Romans because it was thought to grant special powers Whales are marine mammals which are neither Dolphins (ie members of the families Delphinidae or Platanistoidae) nor Porpoises Orcas Under the Travancore kingdom of Kerala (India), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. Travancore or Thiruvithaamkoor ( Malayalam: തിരുവിതാങ്കൂര് "Thiru" (respectful prefix which suggests either royal or Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. In China before the establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally In many cases throughout history, there have been elaborate systems of sumptuary laws regulating who could wear what. Sumptuary laws (from Latin sumptuariae leges) are Laws which attempt to regulate habits of consumption In other societies (including most modern societies), no laws prohibit lower-status people wearing high status garments, but the high cost of status garments effectively limits their purchase and display. In current Western society, only the rich can afford haute couture. Haute couture ( French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" oːt kuˈtyʁ refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted fashions The threat of social ostracism may also limit garment choice. If one is not wearing a specific brand or style of clothing one's social status may fall.
Marital status
- See also: Visual markers of marital status
Traditionally Hindu women, once married, would wear sindoor, a red powder, in the parting of their hair. Humans use Clothing, Hairstyle, accessories Jewelry, Tattoos and other bodily adornments as indicators of Social and marital Status NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Sindoor is a red powder which is applied as a full line along the dividing part of a married woman’s hair or as a dot on the forehead If widowed, they would abandon sindoor and jewelry and wear simple white clothing. Men and women of the Western world may wear wedding rings to indicate their marital status. A wedding ring or wedding band consists of a Metal ring, often set with diamonds or other precious stones Also women in the United States, depending on their heritage and/or religion, will usually wear a simple or extravagant white gown, although some movie stars have been known to wear a black party dress for their wedding. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Religious habits and special religious clothing
Religious clothing might be considered a special case of occupational clothing. Sometimes it is worn only during the performance of religious ceremonies. However, it may also be worn everyday as a marker for special religious status.
For example, Jains wear unstitched cloth pieces when performing religious ceremonies. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. The unstitched cloth signifies unified and complete devotion to the task at hand, with no digression.
The cleanliness of religious dresses in Eastern Religions like Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism is of paramount importance, which indicates purity. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.
Clothing figures in prominently in the Bible where it appears in numerous contexts, the more prominent ones being: the story of Adam and Eve, Joseph's cloak, Judah and Tamar, Mordechai and Esther. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Furthermore the priests officiating in the Temple had very specific garments, the lack of which would make one liable to death.
Jewish ritual also requires rending of one's upper garment as a sign of mourning. This practice is found in the Bible when Jacob hears of the apparent death of his son Joseph. [1]
- See also: Category:Religious vesture.
Sport and activity
Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, tracksuits, and trainers. Sportswear (or Active attire) is Clothing, including Footwear, worn for Sport or exercise "Hot Pants" redirects here For the James Brown song see Hot Pants (song Shorts are a Garment worn by both men and women over A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a Shirt which is pulled on over the head to cover most of a person's Torso. A tennis shirt, now commonly called a polo shirt and also known as a golf shirt, is a T-shaped Shirt with a collar typically two or three buttons down //wwwiloveshellsuitscom]A tracksuit is an article of Clothing[] consisting of two parts- Trousers and a Jacket. An athletic shoe is a Generic name for footwear designed for Sporting and physical activities, and is different in style and build than a Dress shoe Specialised garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing and leotards for gymnastics). A wetsuit is a protective garment used for watersports such as Scuba diving, Surfing, Windsurfing, Kitesurfing, and Triathlon Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Islandjpg|thumb|A man dives into the Great South Bay of Long Island. Surfing is a surface water sport in which the participant is carried along the face of a breaking wave, most commonly using a Surfboard, although wave-riders A ski suit is a suit made to be worn over the rest of the clothes when Skiing. Snow skiing is a group of sports utilizing Skis as primary equipment A leotard is a Skin-tight one-piece garment that covers the torso and body but leaves the legs free Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat. Spandex is also preferable for active sports that require form fitting garments, such as wrestling, track & field, dance, gymnastics and swimming. Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance
Clothing materials
Common clothing materials include natural fibers, which are renewable, biodegradable, such as:
- Cloth, typically made of viscose cotton, flax, wool, ramie, silk
- Down for down-filled parkas
- Fur
- Leather
- Denim
And synthetic fibers which are man made and not biodegradable, made primarily from petrochemicals"
Less-common clothing materials include:
- Recycled paper
- Jute
- Rubber
- PVC-Polyvinyl chloride
- Recycled PET
- Tyvek
- Rayon
- Hemp
- Bamboo
- Recycled or Recovered Cotton
- Soy
- Other Natural Fibers
Reinforcing materials such as wood, bone, plastic and metal may be used in fasteners or to stiffen garments. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea) is a Flowering plant in the Nettle family Urticaceae, native to eastern Asia. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons For the record label see Duck Down Records The down of Birds is a layer of fine Feathers found under the tougher exterior feathers An anorak or parka is a type of heavy Jacket with a hood, often lined with Fur or Fake fur, so as to protect the face from a Fur clothing is Clothing made entirely of or partially of the Fur of animals Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Denim is a rugged Cotton Twill Textile, in which the Weft passes under two ( twi- "double" or more warp fibers Spandex or elastane is a Synthetic fiber known for its exceptional elasticity. Polyester is a category of Polymers which contain the Ester Functional group in their main chain Lyocell is a fiber made from Wood pulp Cellulose. It was first manufactured in 1987 by Courtaulds Fibres UK at their pilot plant S25 Overview Nylon is a Thermoplastic silky material first used commercially in a nylon- Bristled Toothbrush (1938 followed more famously by Paper recycling is the process of recovering waste Paper and remaking it into new paper products Jute is a long soft shiny Vegetable fiber that can be spun into coarse strong threads Uses PET can be semi-rigid to rigid depending on its thickness and is very lightweight Tyvek (TIE-veck is a Brand of flashspun High-density polyethylene Fibers a synthetic Material; the name is a Registered Rayon is a manufactured regenerated cellulosic Fiber. Rayon is produced from naturally occurring Polymers and therefore it is not a truly This article is about the cultivation and uses of industrial hemp not its psychoactive cousin Cannabis (drug. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Fibers or fibres (see spelling differences) is a class of hair-like Materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete elongated pieces similar Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across A fastener is a Hardware device that mechanically joins or affixes two or more objects together
Clothing maintenance
Clothing suffers assault both from within and without. The human body sheds skin cells and body oils, and exudes sweat, urine, and feces. From the outside, sun damage, moisture, abrasion and dirt assault garments. Fleas and lice may hide in seams. Worn clothing, if not cleaned and refurbished, will itch, look scruffy, and lose functionality (as when buttons fall off and zippers fail). In Clothing and Fashion design, a button is a small plastic or metal disc- or knob-shaped typically round object usually attached to an article of Clothing zipper (data structure A zipper ( English: zip fastener or zip) is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric.
In some cases, people wear an item of clothing until it falls apart. Cleaning leather presents difficulties, and bark cloth (tapa) cannot be washed without dissolving it. Owners may patch tears and rips, and brush off surface dirt, but old leather and bark clothing will always look old.
But most clothing consists of cloth, and most cloth can be laundered and mended (patching, darning, but compare felt). Laundry can be items of Clothing and other Textiles that require Washing the act of washing clothing and textiles Darning is a Sewing technique for repairing holes or worn areas in fabric or Knitting with needle and thread alone Felt is a non-woven cloth that is produced by matting condensing and pressing fibers
Laundry, ironing, storage
Humans have developed many specialized methods for laundering, ranging from the earliest "pound clothes against rocks in running stream" to the latest in electronic washing machines and dry cleaning (dissolving dirt in solvents other than water). A washing machine, or washer, is a machine designed to clean Laundry, such as Clothing, Towels and sheets The term is mostly applied Dry cleaning is any cleaning process for Clothing and Textiles using an organic Solvent rather than Water. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution.
Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Ironing or smoothing is the work of using a heated tool or tools (an iron) to remove Wrinkles from fabric Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). In American English, a dress shirt is a predominantly men's Shirt with a collar, a full-length opening at the front from the collar to the hem and full The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do not readily wrinkle, and do not require ironing. Some clothing is permanent press, having been treated with a coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) that suppresses wrinkles and creates a smooth appearance without ironing. A permanent press is a fabric that has been chemically processed to resist Wrinkles and hold its shape In Chemistry, poly(tetrafluoroethene or poly(tetrafluoroethylene ( PTFE) is a synthetic Fluoropolymer which finds numerous applications
Once clothes have been laundered and possibly ironed, they are usually hung on clothes hangers or folded, to keep them fresh until they are worn. A clothes hanger, or coat hanger, is a device in the shape of Human Shoulders designed to facilitate the hanging of a Coat, Jacket Clothes are folded to allow them to be stored compactly, to prevent creasing, to preserve creases or to present them in a more pleasing manner, for instance when they are put on sale in stores. For the goalie's crease in hockey see Goal area. In the Sport of Cricket, the crease is the area demarcated by white
Many kinds of clothes are folded before they are put in suitcases as preparation for travel. suitcase is a somewhat flat rectangular-shaped Bag with rounded corners either hard plastic or soft or made of cloth Vinyl or leather that more or less keeps its Other clothes, such as suits, may be hung up in special garment bags, or rolled rather than folded. The man's suit of clothes is a set of garments which are crafted from the same cloth Many people use their clothing as packing material around fragile items that might otherwise break in transit.
Mending
In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the darn was practically invisible. A tailor is a person whose occupation is to sew and scissor menswear style jackets and the skirts or trousers that go with them Sewing or stitching is the fastening of Cloth, Leather, Furs Bark, or other flexible materials using needle and To hem a piece of cloth (in Sewing) a garment workerfolds up a cut edge folds it up again and then sews it down When the raw material — cloth — was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people will buy a new piece of clothing rather than expend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems. zipper (data structure A zipper ( English: zip fastener or zip) is a popular device for temporarily joining two edges of fabric. In Clothing and Fashion design, a button is a small plastic or metal disc- or knob-shaped typically round object usually attached to an article of Clothing To hem a piece of cloth (in Sewing) a garment workerfolds up a cut edge folds it up again and then sews it down
The life cycle of clothing
Used, unwearable clothing was once used for quilts, rag, rugs, bandages, and many other household uses. A quilt is a type of Bedding — a bed covering composed of a quilt top a layer of batting, and a layer of fabric for backing generally combined using the technique A bandage is a piece of material used either to support a medical device such as a dressing or splint, or on its own to provide support to the body It could also be recycled into paper. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging Now it is usually thrown away. Used but still wearable clothing can be sold at consignment shops, flea markets, online auction, or donated to charity. Consignment is the act of consigning, which is placing a person or thing in the hand of another but retaining ownership until the goods are sold or person is transferred A flea market or swap meet is a type of Bazaar where inexpensive or secondhand goods are sold or bartered The online auction business model is one in which participants bid for products and services over the Internet. Charities usually skim the best of the clothing to sell in their own thrift stores and sell the rest to merchants, who bale it up and ship it to Third World countries, where vendors bid for the bales, then sell the used clothing. A charity shop, second-hand shop ( UK) thrift shop, thrift store, hospice shop ( U Third World is a name given to nations that are generally considered to be underdeveloped economically
There are many concerns about the life cycle of synthetics which come primarily from petrochemicals. Unlike natural fibers, their source is not renewable (in less than millions of years) and they are not biodegradable. Plastic Bags on Our Backs
Early 21st-century clothing styles
Western fashion has, to some extent, become international fashion, as Western media and styles penetrate all parts of the world. Few places remain where people do not wear items of cheap, mass-produced Western clothing. People in poor countries can afford used clothing from wealthier Western countries.
People may wear ethnic or national dress on special occasions or in certain roles or occupations. National costume, also known as national dress, regional costume or folk dress, expresses an identity through Costume which usually For example, most Japanese women have adopted Western-style dress for daily wear, but will still wear silk kimonos on special occasions. The is the National costume of Japan. Originally the word "kimono" literally meant thing to wear ( ki wearing and mono thing but now has come Items of Western dress may also appear worn or accessorized in distinctive, non-Western ways. A Tongan man may combine a used T-shirt with a Tongan wrapped skirt, or tupenu. A T-shirt (or tee shirt) is a Shirt which is pulled on over the head to cover most of a person's Torso. Tupenu is the Tongan term for a wrapped garment also called a Sarong, Lungi, or Lava-lava, worn through much of South Asia and
Western fashion, too, does not function monolithically. It comes in many varieties, from expensive haute couture to thrift store grunge. Haute couture ( French for "high sewing" or "high dressmaking" oːt kuˈtyʁ refers to the creation of exclusive custom-fitted fashions A charity shop, second-hand shop ( UK) thrift shop, thrift store, hospice shop ( U
Regional styles
- Clothing of Europe and Russia
- Clothing in the Americas
- South American fashion
- United States mainstream fashion
- For example: "Catalogue" fashion, regional styles such as preppy or Western wear. South American fashion describes Clothing design in South America. Mail order is a term which describes the Buying of goods or services by Mail delivery Preppy, also spelled preppie, is a chiefly North American adjective or noun traditionally used in relation to northeastern private University-preparatory schools Western wear is a category of men's and women's Clothing which derives its unique style from the clothes worn in the 19th-century American West.
-
- United States alternative fashion
- These fashions are often associated with fans of various musical styles.
- See also: Gothic fashion, Hippie, Grunge, Hip hop music, and Fetish clothing
- Clothing in Asia
- Clothing in Africa
- Clothing in Oceania
- Islamic clothing
Political issues
Working conditions
The clothing industry is concentrated outside of Western Europe and the United States, and wherever they are, garment workers often have to labor under poor conditions. Gothic fashion is a clothing style worn by members of the Goth subculture. The Hippie Subculture was originally a Youth movement that began in the United States during the early 1960s and spread around the world Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Fetish fashion is a type of clothing usually created to be extreme or provocative Adherents of Islam are concerned with Clothing in two contexts clothing for everyday inside and outside the house and clothing required in specifically Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Coalitions of NGOs, designers (Katharine Hamnett, American Apparel, Veja, Quiksilver, eVocal, Edun,. American Apparel ( is the largest clothing manufacturer in the United States Launched in March 2005 in Paris and Tokyo Veja is a brand of ecological and Fair trade trainers. For other uses see Quicksilver. Quiksilver Inc ( based in Huntington Beach California, is one of the world's largest manufacturers . . ) and campaign groups like the Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC) seek to improve these conditions as much as possible by sponsoring awareness-raising events, which draw the attention of both the media and the general public to the workers' conditions. The Clean Clothes Campaign (CCC is the garment industry's largest alliance of labour unions and Non-governmental organizations The Civil society campaign
Outsourcing production to low wage countries like China, India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. Outsourcing is Subcontracting a process such as product design or Manufacturing, to a Third-party company China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA also known as the Agreement on Textile and Clothing (ATC governed the world trade in Textiles and garments from 1974 through 2004 imposing The MFA was deemed a protectionist measure which placed quotas on the exports of textiles. Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributing factor to the poor working conditions of garment workers. Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones Occupational safety and health is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the Safety, Health and welfare of people engaged in Although many countries recognize treaties like the ILO, many have also made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties. India for example has not ratified sections 87 and 92 of the treaty.
Fur
The use of animal fur in clothing is currently associated in the West with expensive, designer clothing. Once uncontroversial, it has recently been the focus of campaigns on the grounds that it is cruel and unnecessary. See also fur clothing and fur farming, and see PETA, animal rights and animal liberation for more general discussion of relevant issues. Fur clothing is Clothing made entirely of or partially of the Fur of animals Fur farming is the practice of breeding or raising certain types of Animals for their Fur. "Animal liberation" redirects here for other uses see Animal liberation (disambiguation. "Animal liberation" redirects here for other uses see Animal liberation (disambiguation.
Others counter that clothing for cold weather is very much a necessity and the most common of furs, sheepskin and rabbit are clearly not elitist. Mink and fox, raised on farms, consume the leftovers of our food production. If one is eating chicken, fish, dairy, beef, one is participating in a process that feeds mink and fox, which in turn creates pelts for cold weather clothing, fine oils and other products. The carnivores have a niche, even in an industrial food production process designed to deliver food to 6 billion people. Also, many conservationists and scientists are concerned about the long-term impact of synthetic fibers, including fake furs, which are not biodegradale.
See also
References
- ^ http://www.divreinavon.com/pdf/BegedSimlaJBQ.pdf BEGED OR SIMLAH – IS THERE A DIFFERENCE?
External links
- International Textile and Apparel Assosiation, scholars pubblications
- La Couturière Parisienne
- German Hosiery Museum (English language)
- Making of Silk Clothing
- Fur Commission USA
- Dry Cleaner's Secret Blog: A website with many useful tips on clothing maintenance
- Molecular Evolution of Pediculus humanus and the Origin of Clothing by Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking (. Clothing terminology comprises the names of individual Garments and classes of garments as well as the specialized vocabularies ofthe trades that have designed Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected The term costume can refer to Wardrobe and dress in general or to the distinctive style of dress of a particular people class or period Clothes valet, also called men's valet and valet stand, is an item of Furniture on which Clothes may be hung A clothes hanger, or coat hanger, is a device in the shape of Human Shoulders designed to facilitate the hanging of a Coat, Jacket PDF file)
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