| Part of a series on |
 |
| GENERAL INFORMATION |
|
Literacy • Illiteracy |
| TYPES |
|
Close reading • Proofreading |
| LEARNING TO READ |
|
Reading readiness |
| READING INSTRUCTION |
|
Reading education • Phonics |
| LISTS |
|
Assessments • Publications |
In literary criticism, close reading describes the careful, sustained interpretation of a brief passage of text. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Family literacy is a method of Education. Relatively new family literacy is currently being put into practice in the United States and in South Africa Functional illiteracy refers to the inability of an individual to use reading, Writing, and Computational skills efficiently in everyday life situations The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write Proofreading traditionally means reading a proof copy of a text in order to detect and correct any errors Skimming is a high speed reading process and involves visually searching the sentences of a page for clues to meaning Slow reading refers to practices that deliberately reduce the rate of Reading to increase comprehension or pleasure Speed reading is a collection of reading methods which attempt to increase rates of reading without greatly reducing comprehension or retention Subvocalization, or silent speech, is defined as the internal speech made when reading a Word, thus allowing the reader to imagine the Reading readiness has been defined as the point at which a person is ready to learn to read and the time during which a person transitions from being a non-reader into a reader Reading skills acquisition is the process of acquiring the basic skills necessary for learning to read that is the ability to acquire meaning from print Reading comprehension is defined as the level of understanding of a writing Dyslexia is considered to be a Learning disability. It manifests primarily as a difficulty with written language particularly with Reading and Spelling A reading disability is a condition in which a sufferer displays difficulty reading resulting primarily from neurological factors The National Reading Panel (NRP was a United States government body Spelling is the Writing of a Word or words with the necessary letters and Diacritics present in an accepted standard order Reading education is the process by which individuals are taught to derive meaning from text Phonics refers to an instructional method for teaching children to read English. The alphabetic principle is the understanding that letters are used to represent speech sounds and that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken "Reader (book" redirects here Basal readers are Textbooks used to teach reading and associated skills to schoolchildren Decodable text is a type of text often used in beginning reading instruction Whole language describes a literacy instructional philosophy which emphasizes that children should focus on meaning and moderates skill instruction "Whole language" is a method of teaching reading that emphasizes literature and text comprehension Because dyslexia's most salient symptom is childhood difficulty with learning to read the most common form of treatment is through specialized tutoring or teaching tailored to meet the particular Literary criticism is the study discussion evaluation and interpretation of Literature. Such a reading places great emphasis on the particular over the general, paying close attention to individual words, syntax, and the order in which sentences and ideas unfold as they are read.
The technique as practiced today was pioneered (at least in English) by I.A. Richards and his student William Empson, later developed further by the New Critics of the mid-twentieth century. Ivor Armstrong Richards ( 26 February, 1893 in Sandbach, Cheshire &ndash 7 September, 1979 in Cambridge) was Sir William Empson ( 27 September 1906 – 15 April 1984) was an English Literary critic New Criticism was a dominant trend in English and American Literary criticism of the mid twentieth century from the 1920s to the early 1960s The twentieth century of the Common Era began on It is now a fundamental method of modern criticism.
Close reading is sometimes called explication de texte, which is the name for the similar tradition of textual interpretation in French literary study, a technique whose chief proponent was Gustave Lanson. Explication de Texte is a French formalist method of Literary analysis that allows for limited reader response similar to Close reading in the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Gustave Lanson (1857-1934 was a French historian and literary critic.
A truly attentive close reading of a two-hundred-word poem might be thousands of words long without exhausting the possibilities for observation and insight. To take an even more extreme example, Jacques Derrida's essay Ulysses Gramophone, which J. Hillis Miller describes as a "hyperbolic, extravagant… explosion" of the technique of close reading, devotes more than eighty pages to an interpretation of the word "yes" in James Joyce's great modernist novel Ulysses. J Hillis Miller (born March 5, 1928) is an American Literary critic who has been heavily influenced by—and who has heavily influenced— James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920
Literary close reading and commentaries have extensive precedent in the exegesis of religious texts. Exegesis (from the Greek 'to lead out' involves an extensive and critical interpretation of an authoritative text, especially of a Holy For example, Pazand, a genre of middle Persian literature, refers to the Zend (literally: 'commentary'/'translation') texts that offer explanation and close reading of the Avesta, the sacred texts of Zoroastrianism. The Pazend or Pazand is one of the Writing systems used for the Middle Persian language Middle Persian is the Middle Iranian language/ethnolect of Southwestern Iran that during Sassanid times (224-654 CE became a Prestige dialect The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings The scriptural commentaries of Talmud offer a commonly cited early predecessor to close reading. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history In Islamic studies, the close reading of Koran has flourished hugely producing an immense corpus. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran But the closest religious analogy to contemporary literary close reading, and the principal historical connection with its birth, is the rise of the higher criticism, and the evolution of textual criticism of the Bible in Germany in the late eighteenth century. Historical criticism or higher criticism is a branch of literary analysis that investigates the origins of a text as applied in Biblical studies it naturally Textual criticism (or lower criticism) is a branch of Literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of Transcription errors in
See also
External links
Slow reading refers to practices that deliberately reduce the rate of Reading to increase comprehension or pleasureDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic