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This article is about social groups. For other uses, see Clique (disambiguation).

A clique (IPA:/'klɪk/ in America, /'kliːk/ elsewhere) is an exclusive group of people who share common interests, views, purposes, patterns of behavior, or ethnicity. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic A clique is a subset of individuals from a larger group, who are more closely identified with one another than the remaining members of the group, and who exchange something among themselves, such as friendship, affection, or information. Friendship is a term used to denote co-operative and supportive behavior between two or more beings [1]

A clique has an informal structure, and it is composed of more than two people. Structure is a fundamental and sometimes Intangible notion covering the Recognition, Observation, nature, and Stability of All the members of the group have some type of relationship with one another, and thus the group is tightly knit together as a type of social network. A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as

Contents

Clique formation

According to some sociologists, one reason for the formation of a clique relates to the desire of individuals to compare themselves with other who are of the same social status. [2] Another word for clique is reference group, or a group of individuals which is used as a standard by which to evaluate attitudes, abilities, or current situations. [3] A clique as a reference group can be either normative or comparative.

A normative clique or reference group is the source of values and beliefs for the individual. Normative has specialized meanings in several academic disciplines The comparative clique or reference group is a standard of comparison by which individuals evaluate themselves and others. In Grammar, the comparative is the form of an Adjective or Adverb which denotes the degree or grade by which a person thing or other entity has a property [4] Individuals of a clique can view other individuals in their clique as the norm, while they tend to use other status groups or cliques as a frame of reference by which they compare themselves. Thus, cliques are formed in order for people to join with other individuals and establish a norm based on values, characteristics, or common interests, and to also use other groups of people as a frame of comparison for themselves.

A clique can exist in the workplace, in a community, in the classroom, in a business, or any other area of social interaction. Cliques tend to form within the boundaries of a larger group where opportunities to interact are great. [5] Cliques are often associated with children and teenagers in a classroom setting. Schools are a prime place where peer network exist and can easily be accentuated through the differentiation of various cliques, and through the processes of inclusion and exclusion that characterize a clique. [6]

Films and literature

Literature

See also

References

  1. ^ Tichy, Noel (June 1973). Angus is a 1995 Comedy-drama film directed by Patrick Read Johnson and written by Jill Gordon Bratz The Movie (or simply Bratz) is a Live-action feature film based on cartoon characters and dolls of the same name that Pretty Persuasion is a 2005 Black comedy / satirical film focusing on themes of sexual harassment and discrimination in schools, and Massacre at Central High is a 1976 US Horror film directed by Dutch director Rene Daalder, a protege of Russ Meyer Mean Girls is a 2004 American teen Comedy film, directed by Mark Waters and starring Lindsay Lohan The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American Teen film widely considered as the definitive work in the genre Clueless is a 1995 Comedy film based on Emma by Jane Austen and set in a Beverly Hills high school Heathers is a 1989 Black comedy film starring Winona Ryder, Christian Slater, and Shannen Doherty. High School Musical is an Emmy Award -winning American Television film. John Tucker Must Die is a 2006 American High school Comedy Romance Film. For the 1957 novel by Ann Bannon see Odd Girl Out (novel Odd Girl Out is a 2005 drama Telefilm starring Alexa The Outsiders is a Film adaptation of the novel of the same name by S Pretty Woman is a 1990 Romantic comedy film. The film centers around the titular character down-on-her-luck Prostitute Vivian Ward ( Romy and Michele's High School Reunion is a 1997 Comedy film starring Lisa Kudrow, Mira Sorvino, Janeane Garofalo, Superbad is a 2007 American Comedy film directed by Greg Mottola and starring Jonah Hill and Michael Cera Not Another Teen Movie is a 2001 Comedy film released on December 14, 2001 by Columbia Pictures. A school (in the sense of old school) is a grouping of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlooks of philosophy craft or belief Dawson's Creek was an American Primetime Television Drama which initially aired from January 20, 1998 Shriek If You Know What I Did Last Friday the Thirteenth is a film directed by John Blanchard released directly to video in 2000 Dodgeball is a traditional team sport played in Physical education classes in the U Balls of Fury is an American Sports comedy film starring Dan Fogler and Christopher Walken. Beverly Hills 90210 was a Prime time television drama series that aired from October 4, 1990 to May 17, 2000 on The Breakfast Club is a 1985 American Teen film widely considered as the definitive work in the genre The Clique Series is a teen book series written by Lisi Harrison. Lisi Harrison (born July 29 1975 in Toronto, Canada) is a Canadian author of young adult novels The Outsiders is a novel by SE Hinton, first published in 1967 by Viking Press. Susan Eloise Hinton (born July 22, 1948) is an American Author of Novels for young adults and is most famous for her Queen Bees and Wannabes Helping Your Daughter Survive Cliques Gossip Boyfriends and Other Realities of Adolescence is a 2002 book by Rosalind Wiseman Rosalind Wiseman founded the Empower Program a national violence-prevention program in 1992 Bullying is the act of intentionally causing harm to others through verbal Harassment, physical Assault, or other more subtle methods of Coercion A cabal is a number of people united in some close design usually to promote their private views and interests in a church, State, or other community often A clan is a group of People united by Kinship and descent, which is defined by perceived descent from a common ancestor In Graph theory, a clique in an Undirected graph G is a set of vertices V such that for every two vertices in V there exists an edge connecting Crowd psychology, or social facilitation theory, is a branch of Social psychology. Elite (also spelled Élite) is taken originally from the Latin, eligere, "to elect" Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. A youth subculture is a Youth -based Subculture with distinct styles behaviours and interests A peer group is a group of approximately the same age Social status, and interests A social network is a Social structure made of nodes (which are generally individuals or organizations that are tied by one or more specific types of interdependency such as A stereotype (from Greek: stereo + týpos = "solid impression" is a generalized perception of first impressions behaviors presumed by a group "An Analysis of Clique Formation and Structure in Organizations". Administrative Science Quarterly 18 (2): 194–208. doi:10.2307/2392063. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  2. ^ Deutsch, Morton, and Robert Krauss (1965). Theories in Social Psychology. New York: Basic Books.  
  3. ^ Jones, Edward, and Harold Gerrard (1965). Foundations of Social Psychology. New York: Wiley Books.  
  4. ^ Kelley, Harold H. (1952). "Two functions of reference groups", in G. Swanson, T. M. Newcomb, and E. Hartley: Readings in Social Psychology. New York: Henry Holt, 410–414.  
  5. ^ Hallinan, Maureen T. (June 1989). "Classroom Characteristics and Student Friendship Cliques". Social Forces 67 (4): 898–919. doi:10.2307/2579707. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  6. ^ Adler, Patricia A. , Steven J. Kless, and Peter Adler (1992). "Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girls". Sociology of Education 65 (3): 169–187. doi:10.2307/2112807. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

External links

Dictionary

clique

-noun

  1. A small, exclusive group of individuals; cabal
  2. (graph theory) A subgraph isomorphic to a complete graph.
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