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The Trango Towers in Pakistan. Their vertical faces are the world's tallest cliffs. Trango Tower center; Trango Monk center left; Trango II far left; Great Trango right.
The Trango Towers in Pakistan. The Trango Towers are a group of dramatic Granite spires located on the north side of the Baltoro Glacier, in Baltistan, a district of the Northern Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Their vertical faces are the world's tallest cliffs. Trango Tower center; Trango Monk center left; Trango II far left; Great Trango right.
Cliff, painting on porcelain by Anna Weyersberg, 1887
Cliff, painting on porcelain by Anna Weyersberg, 1887

In geography and geology, a cliff is a significant vertical, or near vertical, rock exposure. Geography (from Greek γεωγραφία - geografia) is the study of the Earth and its lands features inhabitants and phenomena Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit Cliffs are Formed as erosion landforms due to the processes of erosion and weathering that produce them. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere. Cliffs are common on coasts, in mountainous areas, escarpments and along rivers. The coast is defined as the part of the land adjoining or near the Ocean. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak In Geomorphology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves a sharp steep Elevation differential characterized "Riverine" redirects here For the use of that term in Maritime geography, see there Cliffs are usually formed by rock that is resistant to erosion and weathering. In Geology, rock is a naturally occurring aggregate of Minerals and/or Mineraloids The Earth's outer solid layer the ‘ Lithosphere Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind Weathering is the decomposition of earth rocks, Soils and their Minerals through direct contact with the planet's Atmosphere. Sedimentary rocks most likely to form sandstone, limestone, chalk, and dolomite. Sedimentary rock is one of the three main rock types (the others being igneous and Metamorphic rock) Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Chalk (ʧɔːk is a soft white porous Sedimentary rock, a form of Limestone composed of the Mineral Calcite. Dolomite (ˈdɒləmaɪt is the name of a Sedimentary Carbonate rock and a Mineral, both composed Igneous rocks, such as granite and basalt also often form cliffs. Igneous rocks (etymology from Latin ignis, fire are rocks formed by solidification of cooled Magma (molten rock Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. Basalt (bəˈsɔːlt ˈbeisɔːlt ˈbæsɔːlt is a common Extrusive Volcanic rock.

An escarpment (or scarp) is a type of cliff, formed by the movement of a geologic fault, or a landslide. In Geomorphology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves a sharp steep Elevation differential characterized In Geology a fault, or fault line, is a planar rock fracture which shows evidence of relative movement A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur

Most cliffs have some form of scree slope at their base. Scree, also called talus and detritic cone, is a term given to broken rock that appears at the bottom of Crags mountain Cliffs or In arid areas or under high cliffs, these are generally exposed jumbles of fallen rock. In areas of higher moisture, a soil slope may obscure the talus. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel

Many cliffs also feature tributary waterfalls or rock shelters. A tributary is a Stream or River which flows into a mainstem (or parent river A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water often in the form of a Stream, flowing over an Erosion -resistant rock A rock shelter is a shallow cave-like opening at the base of a bluff or Cliff. Sometimes a cliff peters out at the end of a ridge, with tea tables or other types of rock columns remaining. Geologically speaking a tea table is a rock formation that is a remnant of newer strata that have eroded away

Given that a cliff need not be exactly vertical, there can be ambiguity about whether a given slope is a cliff or not, and also about how much of a certain slope to count as a cliff. (For example, given a truly vertical rock wall above a very steep slope, one could count only the rock wall, or the combination. ) This makes listings of cliffs an inherently uncertain endeavor.

The highest cliff (rock wall, mountain face) in the world, is Nanga Parbat in the Himalayas, that rises 4600 meters above its base. Nanga Parbat ( Urdu:) is the ninth highest Mountain on Earth.

According to some sources, the highest cliff in the world, about 1,340 m high, is the east face of Great Trango in the Karakoram mountains of northern Pakistan. The Trango Towers are a group of dramatic Granite spires located on the north side of the Baltoro Glacier, in Baltistan, a district of the Northern Karakoram is a mountain range spanning the borders between Pakistan, China, and India, located in the regions of Gilgit, Ladakh, and Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and (This uses a fairly stringent notion of cliff, as the 1,340 m figure refers to a nearly vertical headwall; adding in a very steep approach brings the total height to over 1,600 m. ) The highest sea cliffs, 1,010 m high, are located at Kalaupapa, Hawaii[1]. Kalaupapa is a small Village on the island of Moloka‘i in the state of Hawai‘i, and part of Kalawao County. (This uses a less stringent definition, as the average slope of these cliffs is about 1. 7, corresponding to an angle of 60 degrees. )

Considering a truly vertical drop, Mount Thor on Baffin Island in Arctic Canada is the highest at 1,370 m (4,500 ft) high in total (the top 480 m (1,600 ft) is overhanging). Mount Thor, officially gazetted as Thor Peak, is a Mountain in Auyuittuq National Park, on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada Baffin Island (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ Qikiqtaaluk, Île de Baffin Old Norse: Helluland) in the territory of Nunavut is the largest member The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This is said to give it the longest purely vertical drop on Earth at 1,250 m (4,100 ft).

Given that walking over a cliff could be fatal, the Ordnance Survey distinguish between cliffs (continuous line along the top edge with projections down the face) and outcrops (continuos line along lower edge). Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government

Nanga Parbat, highest cliff (rock wall, mountain face) in the world
Nanga Parbat, highest cliff (rock wall, mountain face) in the world
Mount Thor, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, the highest purely vertical drop on Earth
Mount Thor, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, the highest purely vertical drop on Earth

















Contents

Large and famous cliffs

Baintha Brakk (The Ogre) near Snow Lake, Pakistan
Baintha Brakk (The Ogre) near Snow Lake, Pakistan
Cliffs near Sortavala, Russia
Cliffs near Sortavala, Russia
Close-up view of Verona Rupes, a 20 km high fault scarp on Miranda, a moon of Uranus.
Close-up view of Verona Rupes, a 20 km high fault scarp on Miranda, a moon of Uranus. Nanga Parbat ( Urdu:) is the ninth highest Mountain on Earth. Mount Thor, officially gazetted as Thor Peak, is a Mountain in Auyuittuq National Park, on Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada Baffin Island (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ Qikiqtaaluk, Île de Baffin Old Norse: Helluland) in the territory of Nunavut is the largest member Nunavut (ˈnuːnəvʊt ( Inuktitut syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ is the largest and newest territory of Canada; it was separated officially from the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Snow Lake, or Lukpe Lawo, is a high-altitude glacial basin in the Karakoram mountain range in the Northern Areas Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Cliffs of Moher (Aillte an Mhothair lit cliffs of the ruin, also known as the Cliffs of Coher from the Mhothair are located in the Parish of Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Sortavala (Сортавала is a town in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, located at the northern tip of Lake Ladoga. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Verona Rupes is a cliff on Miranda, a moon of Uranus. and 20 kilometers (12 A fault scarp is the topographic expression of faulting attributed to the displacement of the land surface by movement along the fault TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Miranda (mɨˈrændə) is the smallest [2]

The highest cliff in the solar system may be Verona Rupes, an approximately 20 km (12 mile) high fault scarp on Miranda, a moon of Uranus. The Solar System consists of the Sun and those celestial objects bound to it by Gravity. Verona Rupes is a cliff on Miranda, a moon of Uranus. and 20 kilometers (12 A fault scarp is the topographic expression of faulting attributed to the displacement of the land surface by movement along the fault TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Miranda (mɨˈrændə) is the smallest The following is an incomplete list of cliffs of the world. (see also Category:Cliffs)

Asia

Preikestolen not far from Stavanger, Norway.
Preikestolen not far from Stavanger, Norway. Preikestolen or Prekestolen, also known by the English translations of Preacher's Pulpit or Pulpit Rock, and by the old local name Hyvlatonnå is a city and municipality in the county of Rogaland, Norway. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional

Above Land

Europe

Above Sea

Above Land

North America

Southwest face of El Capitan from Yosemite Valley
Southwest face of El Capitan from Yosemite Valley


South America

Salto Angel from Raton.
Salto Angel from Raton. Mount Asgard is a twin peaked Mountain with two flat-topped cylindrical rock towers separated by a saddle Baffin Island (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ Qikiqtaaluk, Île de Baffin Old Norse: Helluland) in the territory of Nunavut is the largest member Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park is a United States National Park located in western Colorado, and managed by the National Park Service. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Notch Peak is a summit located on Sawtooth Mountain in the House Range The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Stawamus Chief (often referred to as simply the Chief, or more rarely the Squamish Chief) is a Granite dome located adjacent to the town of Squamish Squamish ( 2006 census population 14949 is a community in the Canadian province of British Columbia, located at the north end of British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Calvert Cliffs State Park is a State park in Calvert County, Maryland, situated on the Chesapeake Bay. The Chesapeake Bay is the largest Estuary in the United States. Not to be confused with Angel Falls (Maine. Angel Falls (indigenous name Churun Merú or Kerepakupai merú) is the world's highest

Africa

Above Sea

Above Land

References

  1. ^ Highest Cliffs. Guinness World Records. Retrieved on 2006-05-02. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  2. ^ Natural world: the solar system: highest cliffs. Guinness World Records. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U Retrieved on 2006-08-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.

[[Image:Trango Towers 2. jpg|thumb|left|200px|The Trango Towers

The Trango Towers are a group of dramatic Granite spires located on the north side of the Baltoro Glacier, in Baltistan, a district of the Northern

Dictionary

cliff

-noun

  1. A vertical (or near vertical) rock face.

Cliff

-proper noun

  1. A diminutive of the male given name Clifford.
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