A cleruchy, (klerouchy) in Hellenic Greece, was a specialised type of colony established by Athens. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's The term comes from the Greek word klēroūkhos, literally "lot-holder". Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly
Normally, Greek colonies were politically independent; they would have a special relationship with the mother city, metropolis, but would otherwise be independent entities. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with Cleruchies were significantly different. The settlers or cleruchs would retain their Athenian citizenship and the community remained a political dependency of Athens.
Cleruchies were established as a means of exporting excess and generally impoverished populations to conveniently distant localities, such as the Thracian Chersonese on the far side of the Aegean Sea. The Thracian Chersonese (in Greek Θρᾳκικὴ Χερσόνησoς) was the ancient name of the Gallipoli peninsula in the part of historic Thrace Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Under the cleruchy arrangement, the participating citizen received a plot (or kleros) of agricultural land, hence a means to earn his livelihood. This elevated the citizen to the property class of zeugitai. Zeugitai were members of the third census division created by Solon 's constitutional reforms in ancient Athens The cleruch would be obliged to defend his colony by serving it as a hoplite. The word hoplite ( Greek: hoplitēs; pl hoplitai) derives from hoplon ( plural hopla) meaning an item of armour or equipment thus 'hoplite'
This arrangement benefited Athens in three principal ways:
- It reduced population pressure in Athens itself;
- It increased Athenian military power, as the cleruchs formed military garrisons;
- It increased the economic power of Athens, as it enabled more of its citizens to become property holders.
The first known cleruchy is thought to have been Salamis, captured by Athens from Megara in the 6th century BC. Salamis ( Greek, Modern: Σαλαμίνα Salamína, Ancient / Katharevousa: Σαλαμίς Salamís) is the largest Megara ( Greek:, "Big Houses" is an ancient city (pop The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Other clerucies were established on the Thracian Chersonese following its recapture from the Persian Empire after the Greco-Persian Wars of the 5th century BC, and at Chalcis following that city's defeat in a war with Athens. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis ( Greek, Modern Χαλκίδα xal'ciða Ancient/ Katharevousa: -ίς During the period of the Delian League and the Second Athenian League (5th–4th century BC), many more cleruchies were created by Athens such as on Samos Island proved worthy in the Social War. The Delian League was an association of approximately 150 5th-century BC Greek City-states under the leadership of Athens, whose purpose was to continue The Second Athenian Empire or Confederacy was a maritime confederation of Aegean city-states from 378 BC - 355 BC and headed by Athens primarily Samos (Σάμος is a Greek island in the North Aegean Sea, south of Chios, north of Patmos and the Dodecanese, and off The institution fell into disuse following the rise of the Macedonian kingdom, which brought an effective end to Athenian independence. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most
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