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Coordinates: 45°46′59″N 3°04′57″E / 45.783088, 3.082352

Commune of Clermont-Ferrand


Clermont-Ferrand coat of arms
Location
Clermont-Ferrand (France)
Clermont-Ferrand
Administration
Country France
Region Auvergne (capital)
Department Puy-de-Dôme (prefecture)
Arrondissement Clermont-Ferrand
Canton Chief town of 9 cantons
Intercommunality Clermont Communauté
Mayor Serge Godard (PS)
(2008- 2014)
Statistics
Elevation 321 m–602 m
(avg. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is one of the 26 administrative regions of France. In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Puy-de-Dôme ( lo Puèi de Doma / lo Puèi Domat in the Auvergnat dialect of the Occitan language is a department A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' The 100 French departments are divided into 342 arrondissements, which may be translated into English as districts. The arrondissement of Clermont-Ferrand is an arrondissement of France located in the Puy-de-Dôme département, in the Auvergne The cantons of France are territorial subdivisions of the French Republic's 341 arrondissements and 100 departments. The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Serge Godard (born 25 March 1936) is a French politician Born in Gerzat, Puy-de-Dome, he studied in Clermont-Ferrand Sedan The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 2014 ( MMXIV) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 358 m)
Land area¹ 42,67 km²
Population²
(2005)		 139,600
 - Density 3,214/km² (2005)
Miscellaneous
INSEE/Postal code 63113/ 63000
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0. As of January 1, 2008, 64473140 people live in the French Republic. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume The INSEE code is a numerical indexing code used by the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE to identify various entities including communes Postal codes were introduced in France in 1972, when La Poste introduced automated sorting. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. An estuary is a semi-enclosed Coastal body of Water with one or more Rivers or Streams flowing into it and with a free connection to the open
2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g. students and military personnel) only counted once. C D E
France

Clermont-Ferrand (Auvergnat dialect of Occitan: Clarmont-Ferrand / Clarmont d'Auvèrnhe) is a city and commune of France, in the Auvergne region, with a population of 140,700 (2008). Auvergnat (French name or Auvernhat (native name is one of several dialects of the Occitan language spoken in Auvergne, which is a historical province Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Auvergne ( Occitan: Auvèrnhe / Auvèrnha) is one of the 26 administrative regions of France. France is divided into 26 regions or régions (in French of which 21 are in continental Metropolitan France, one is the island of Corsica, Its metropolitan area had 409,558 inhabitants at the 1999 census.

Rue Montlosier, in Clermont-Ferrand with the Puy de Dôme mountain in the background.
Rue Montlosier, in Clermont-Ferrand with the Puy de Dôme mountain in the background. Puy-de-Dôme (Puèi Domat Puèi de Doma is a large Lava dome and one of the youngest Volcanoes in the Chaîne des Puys region of Massif Central

It is the prefecture (capital) of the Puy-de-Dôme department. A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Puy-de-Dôme ( lo Puèi de Doma / lo Puèi Domat in the Auvergnat dialect of the Occitan language is a department In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division Serge Godard is the current Mayor of the city. Serge Godard (born 25 March 1936) is a French politician Born in Gerzat, Puy-de-Dome, he studied in Clermont-Ferrand Sedan This is a list of mayors of Clermont-Ferrand It includes all Mayors ( maires) of Clermont-Ferrand, France, since 1694.

Clermont-Ferrand sits on the plain of Limagne in the Massif Central and is surrounded by a major industrial area. The Massif Central ( Occitan: Massís Central / Massís Centrau) is an elevated region in south-central France, consisting of Mountains and The city is famous for the chain of volcanoes, the Chaîne des Puys surrounding it. Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the The Chaîne des Puys is a north-south chain of Cinder cones Lava domes and Maars in the Massif Central of France. The Puy-de-Dôme (13km from the city) is the highest of these and well-known for the telecommunication antennas that sit on its top and are visible from far away. Puy-de-Dôme (Puèi Domat Puèi de Doma is a large Lava dome and one of the youngest Volcanoes in the Chaîne des Puys region of Massif Central

Clermont-Ferrand is also famous for hosting world's number one International short-film festival as well as Michelin 's corporate headquarters, the famous wheel company created more than 100 years ago in the city.

Clermont-Ferrand's most famous public square is place de Jaude, on which stands a grand statue of Vercingetorix sitting imperiously on a horse and holding a glaive. Vercingetorix (werkiŋˈɡetoriks in Latin) born around 82 BC died 46 BC was chieftain of the Arverni, originating from the Arvernian city of A glaive is a Polearm consisting of a single-edged Blade on the end of a pole. The inscription reads: J'ai pris les armes pour la liberté de tous (English: I took to arms for the liberty of all). English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States This statue was sculpted by Frédéric Bartholdi who also created the Statue of Liberty. Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi ( August 2, 1834 – October 4, 1904) was a French sculptor. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented

Recently, Clermont-Ferrand, which was France's first city to get a trolley (abandoned after world war II), installed a brand new one, therefore linking city's north and south neigbourhoods.

Contents

History

Prehistoric and Roman

Statue of Vercingétorix on the main square of the city
Statue of Vercingétorix on the main square of the city

Clermont ranks among the oldest cities of France. The first known mention was by the Greek geographer Strabo, who called it the "metropolis of the Arverni" (meaning their oppidum, civitas or tribal capital). Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher. The Arverni were a Gallic tribe that inhabited the present-day region of Clermont-Ferrand, France. Oppidum (plural oppida) is a Latin word meaning the main settlement in any administrative area of Ancient Rome. In the history of the Roman empire, civitas (pl civitates mainly referred to the condition of Roman Citizenship It was also used to describe a type of settlement The city was at that time called Nemessos—a Gaulish word for a sacred forest, and was situated on the mound where the current cathedral of Clermont-Ferrand was constructed. Gaulish or Gallic is the name given to the Celtic language that was spoken in Gaul before the Vulgar Latin of the late Roman Empire became It was somewhere in the area around Nemossos where the Arverni chieftain Vercingetorix (later to head a unified Gallic resistance to Roman invasion under Julius Caesar) was born nearby in around 72 BC. Vercingetorix (werkiŋˈɡetoriks in Latin) born around 82 BC died 46 BC was chieftain of the Arverni, originating from the Arvernian city of The Gallic Wars were a series of Military campaigns waged by the Roman proconsul Julius Caesar against several Gallic tribes, lasting from Year 72 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Battle of Cabira — Lucius Lucullus Also, Nemossos was situated not far from the plateau of Gergovia, where Vercingetorix — some months before capitulating at Alesia — pushed back the Roman assault at the Battle of Gergovia in 52 BC. The Gergovie plateau is a Plateau of the Massif Central located 10km to the south of Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, Auvergne, The Battle of Alesia or Siege of Alesia took place in September 52 BC around the Gallic Oppidum of Alesia, a major town centre and The Battle of Gergovia took place in 52 BC in Gaul at Gergovia the chief town of the Arverni. Year 52 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius After the Roman conquest, the city became known as Augustonemetum sometime in the 1st century, a name which combined its original Gallic name with that of the Emperor Augustus. The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Its population was estimated at 15,000–30,000 inhabitants in the 2nd century, making it one of the largest cities of Roman Gaul. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. It then became Arvernis in the 3rd century (taking its name, like other Gallic cities in this era, from the people who lived within its walls), going through an expansion phase that ended in the mid-3rd century.

Dark Ages

The city became the seat of a bishop in the 5th century, at the time of the bishop Namatius or Saint Namace, who built a cathedral here described by Gregory of Tours. Saint Namatius ( French - Sainte Namace) is a saint in the Roman Catholic church. Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Clermont went through a dark period after the disappearance of the Roman Empire and during the whole High Middle Ages, marked by pillaging by the peoples who invaded Gaul. Between 471 and 475, Auvergne was often the target of Visigothic expansion, and the city was frequently besieged, including once by Euric. Events By Place Asia Xiao Wen Di succeeds Xian Wen Di as ruler of the Chinese Northern Wei Dynasty. Events By place Western Roman Empire 28 August — Flavius Orestes forces western Julius Nepos to flee and declares The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East Euric, also known as Evaric Erwig or Eurico in Spanish and Portuguese (c Although defended by Sidonius Apollinaris, at the head of the diocese from 468 to 486, and the patrician Ecdicius, the city was ceded to the Visigoths by emperor Julius Nepos in 475 and became part of the Visigothic kingdom until 507. For the Franco-Irish saint see Sidonius of Saint-Saëns. Gaius Sollius (Modestus Apollinaris Sidonius or Saint Sidonius Apollinaris The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and Ecdicius Avitus (c 420 &ndash after 475 was a Gallo-Roman aristocrat and senator, Magister militum praesentalis from 474 until 475 Julius Nepos (c 430–480 was a Western Roman Emperor (474–475 or –480 during the last stage of the Western Roman Empire. Events By place Western Roman Empire 28 August — Flavius Orestes forces western Julius Nepos to flee and declares For the area code see Area code 507 Events By Place Europe Battle of Vouillé: Clovis I A generation later, it became part of the kingdom of the Franks. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group On November 8 535, the first Council of Clermont opened at Arvernis (Clermont), with fifteen bishops participating, including Caesarius of Arles, Nizier of Lyons (bishop of Trèves) and Saint Hilarius, bishop of Mende. For the later Council of Clermont in 1095 see Council of Clermont. For others with this name see Caesarius. Saint Caesarius of Arles (468/470&ndash 27 August 542) sometimes called "of Another saint of this name was bishop of Lyon France from 553 Saint Hilary of Arles (c 403-449 was a Bishop of Arles. In early youth he entered the Abbey of Lérins then presided over by his kinsman Honoratus Sixteen decrees were made there, notably the second canon that recalls that the granting of episcopal dignity must be according to the merits and not as a result of intrigues.

In 848, the city was renamed Clairmont, after the castle Clarus Mons. During this era, it was an episcopal city ruled by its bishop. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Clermont was not spared by the Vikings at the time of the weakening of the Carolingian Empire either, being ravaged by the Normans under Hasting or Hastingen for the first time in 862 and 864 and, while its bishop Sigon carried out reconstruction work, again in 898 (or 910, according to some sources). Carolingian Empire is a historiographical term sometimes used to refer to the realm of the Franks under the Carolingian dynasty. Bishop Étienne II built a new Roman cathedral on the site of the current cathedral, consecrated in 946 but (apart from the towers, only replaced by the current ones in the 19th century, and some parts of the crypt, still visible) destroyed to build current Gothic cathedral. In sources prior to the 1960s this pope is sometimes called Stephen III and Pope-elect Stephen is sometimes called Stephen II. Events By Place Europe Eadred I succeeds his brother as king of England.

Middle Ages

Clairmont was the starting point of the First Crusade from the Christian world to free Jerusalem from Muslim domination—Pope Urban II preached the crusade there in 1095 at the Second Council of Clermont. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Pope The Council of Clermont was a mixed Synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the Catholic Church, which was held on November 27 1095 at Clermont France In 1120, following the repeated crises between the counts of Auvergne and the bishops of Clairmont, in order to counteract the clergy's power the counts founded the new rival city of Montferrand on a mound next to Clairmont's fortifications, on the model of the new cities of the Midi springing up in the 12th and 13th centuries. This is a list of the various rulers of Auvergne. History In the 7th century Auvergne was disputed between the Franks and Aquitanians Southern France (or the South of France) colloquially known as Le Midi, is a loosely defined geographical area consisting of the regions of France that Right up to the early modern period, the two remained separate cities - Clairmont an episcopal city, Montferrand a comtal one. Comte is a title of French nobility. In the English language, the title is Count, a rank in several European nobilities

Early Modern and Modern eras

In 1551, Clermont became a royal city, and in 1610, the inseparable property of the Crown. On 15 April 1630, the Edict of Troyes (the First Edict of Union) forcibly joined the two cities of Clermont and Montferrand. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English This union was confirmed in 1731 by Louis XV with the Second Edict of Union. Louis XV (15 February 1710 &ndash 10 May 1774 ruled as King of France and of Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774 At this time Montferrand was no more than a satellite city of Clermont, in which condition it remained until the beginning of the 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Wishing to retain its independence, Montferrand made three demands for independence, in 1789, 1848, and 1863.

In the 20th century, the construction of the Michelin factories and city gardens, which shaped the modern Clermont-Ferrand, definitively reunited Clermont and Montferrand. Michelin (full name SCA Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin) ( based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne Région Today, although the two cities are amalgamated, one may find in Clermont-Ferrand two distinct downtowns, and Montferrand retains a strong identity. Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense

Economy

Food production and processing as well as engineering are major employers in the area, as are the many research facilities of major computer software and pharmaceutical companies. Education is also an important factor in the economy of Clermont-Ferrand; it hosts a student population of over 30,000, along with university faculty and staff. The city's industry for a long time was linked to the French tyre manufacturer Michelin, which created the radial tyre and grew up from Clermont-Ferrand to become a worldwide leader in its industry. This article is about tires used on road Vehicles including pneumatic tires and solid tires. Michelin (full name SCA Compagnie Générale des Établissements Michelin) ( based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne Région A radial tire (more properly a radial-ply tire) is a particular design of automotive Tire (in British English, tyre) For most of the 20th century, it ran extensive factory works throughout the city, employing up to 30,000 workers at a time. While the company has maintained its headquarters in the city, most of the manufacturing is now done in foreign countries. Fortunately, this downsizing took place gradually, allowing the city to court new investment in other industries, avoiding the fate of most post-industrial cities.

Culture

Arts

One of the 48 public fountains with the cathedral in background. The fountain and the cathedral are made with the typical black volcanic stone of the area named "pierre de Volvic".
One of the 48 public fountains with the cathedral in background. A traditional fountain is an arrangement where water issues from a source ( Latin fons) fills a basin of some kind and is drained away The fountain and the cathedral are made with the typical black volcanic stone of the area named "pierre de Volvic".

Clermont-Ferrand's most famous figure is the mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal who tested Evangelista Torricelli's hypothesis concerning the influence of gas pressure on liquid equilibrium. A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Blaise Pascal (blɛz paskal (June 19 1623 &ndash August 19 1662 was a French Mathematician, Physicist, and religious Philosopher Evangelista Torricelli ( ( October 15, 1608 &ndash October 25, 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician This is the famous experiment where a vacuum is created in a mercury tube: Pascal's experiment had his brother-in-law carry a barometer to the top of the Puy-de-Dôme. This vacuum means "absence of matter" or "an empty area or space" for the cleaning appliance see Vacuum cleaner. History The first barometer is thought to have been built unintentionally by Gasparo Berti, sometime between 1640 and 1643 Puy-de-Dôme (Puèi Domat Puèi de Doma is a large Lava dome and one of the youngest Volcanoes in the Chaîne des Puys region of Massif Central The Université Blaise-Pascal (or Clermont-Ferrand II) is located primarily in the city and is named after him. The Université Blaise-Pascal, also known as Clermont-Ferrand II, is a public university in Clermont-Ferrand, France, with satellite locations in other

Clermont-Ferrand also hosts world's first International short film festival which originated in 1979 (see the official link below). This festival which brings thousands of people every year (137. 000 in 2008) to the city is the second French film Festival after Cannes in term of visitors, but the first one regarding the number of spectators (as in Cannes visitors are not allowed in theatres, reserved to professionals). This festival has revealed many young talented directors now well-known in France such as Mathieu Kassovitz, Cédric Klaspish or Eric Zonka.

Beside the short film festival, Clermont-Ferrand hosts more than twenty music, film, dance and theatre festivals every year. With more than 200 artistic groups from dance to music, Clermont-Ferrand and the Auvergne region's cultural life is one of the most important in France, which fairly justifies its nickname of "France's Liverpool".

Additionally, the city was the subject of the acclaimed documentary The Sorrow and the Pity, which used Clermont-Ferrand as the basis of the film, which told the story of France under Nazi occupation and the Vichy regime of Marshal Pétain. The Sorrow and the Pity ( Le Chagrin et la pitié) is a two-part Documentary film by Marcel Ophüls that concerns the French Resistance Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Vichy ( Occitan: Vichèi) is a commune in the department of Allier in Auvergne in central France. Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain (24 April 1856 – 23 July 1951 generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain ( Maréchal Pétain)

Sport

A racing circuit, the Charade Circuit, close to the city, using closed-off public roads held the French Grand Prix in 1965, 1969, 1970 and 1972. This is a list of circuits which have hosted a FIA World Championship race from 1950 to 2008. The Charade Circuit (also known as Circuit Louis Rosier and Circuit Clermont-Ferrand) is a Motorsport road course in the Auvergne The French Grand Prix ( Grand Prix de France) is a race held as part of Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile 's annual Formula One automobile The 1965 Formula One season included the 16th FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on January 1, 1965, and ended on The 1969 Formula One season included the 20th FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on March 1, 1969, and ended on The 1970 Formula One season included the 21st FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on March 7, 1970, and ended on The 1972 Formula One season included the 23rd FIA Formula One World Championship season which commenced on January 23, 1972, and ended on It was a daunting circuit, with such harsh elevation changes that caused some drivers to be ill as they drove. Winners included Jim Clark, Jackie Stewart (twice), and Jochen Rindt. Jim (or Jimmy) Clark OBE ( 4 March, 1936 &ndash 7 April, 1968) was a Scottish Formula One For other people of this name see Jackie Stewart (disambiguation. Karl Jochen Rindt ( April 18, 1942 - September 5, 1970) was a German - Austrian racing driver

The city is also host to a high-profile rugby union club, ASM Clermont Auvergne, as well as Clermont Foot Auvergne, a football club that will compete in France's second division, Ligue 2, during the 2007-2008 season. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Association Sportive Montferrandaise Clermont Auvergne is a French Rugby union club from Clermont-Ferrand in Auvergne that currently competes Clermont Foot is based in the city of Clermont-Ferrand (in the Région of Auvergne) Ligue 2 is the second division of French football. It is one of two divisions making up the LFP, the other being Ligue 1, which is France's top

Religious architecture

Notre-Dame du Port
Notre-Dame du Port
Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral of Notre-Dame de l'Assumption
Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral of Notre-Dame de l'Assumption

Clermont-Ferrand has two famous churches :

Famous people

Clermont-Ferrand was the birthplace of:


People that have lived in Clermont-Ferrand

Twin towns

References

  1. ^ Twinning. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Aberdeen ( pronounced; Aiberdeen Obar Dheathain is Scotland 's third most populous city and one of Scotland's 32 local government council Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Regensburg ( also Ratisbon, Ratisbona Řezno originally Castra Regina) is a City (population 131000 in 2007 in Bavaria, Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Gomel (ˈɡoʊmel also Homel, Homiel (Гомель ˈɣomʲelʲ In the 19th century Jewish residents comprised more than 50% of the city's total population Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Oviedo ( Asturian: Uviéu is the capital city of the Principality of Asturias in northern Spain. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Norman is the largest city in and the County seat of Cleveland County in the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the North Queensland is the northern part of the state of Queensland in Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Oyem is the capital of Woleu-Ntem province in northern Gabon, lying on the N2 road and the River Ntem. Gabon (gəˈbɒn or /gaˈbõ/ in French) is a country in west central Africa sharing borders with Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, Republic Aberdeen City Council. Retrieved on 2008-03-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good

External links

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