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Clement Greenberg
Birth name Clement Greenberg
Born January 16, 1909
New York, N.Y.
Died May 7, 1994
New York City
Nationality American
Movement Abstract expressionism, Post-Painterly Abstraction, Color Field painting

Clement Greenberg (January 16, 1909 - May 7, 1994) was an influential American art critic closely associated with Modern art in the United States. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The City of New York Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The City of New York The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. Post-painterly Abstraction is a term created by Art critic Clement Greenberg as the title for an exhibit he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art In Quantum mechanics, color field is a whimsical name for some of the properties of Quarks Color Field painting is an abstract style that Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An art critic is a person who specializes in evaluating Art. Their written critiques or reviews are published in newspapers magazines books and on web sites History of Modern art Roots in the 19th century Although modern Sculpture and Architecture are reckoned to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In particular, he promoted the Abstract Expressionist movement and was among the first critics to praise the work of painter Jackson Pollock. During the modernist period three types of agents were involved in the process of making a work of art the artist the critic and the gallery owner Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28 1912 &ndash August 11 1956 was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement

Contents

Kitsch

Greenberg was a graduate of Syracuse University who first made his name as an art critic with his essay "Avant-Garde and Kitsch," first published in the journal Partisan Review in 1939. Syracuse University (SU is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York. Avant-Garde and Kitsch is the title of a 1939 essay by Clement Greenberg, first published in the Partisan Review, in which he claimed that Partisan Review was an American political and literary quarterly published from 1934 to 2003, though it suspended publication between October 1936 In this article Greenberg claimed that avant-garde and Modernist art was a means to resist the leveling of culture produced by capitalist propaganda. Avant-garde (avɑ̃gaʁd in French) means "advance guard" or "vanguard Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Greenberg appropriated the German word 'kitsch' to describe this consumerism, though its connotations have since changed to a more affirmative notion of left-over materials of capitalist culture. Kitsch /kɪtʃ/ is a term of German or Yiddish origin that has been used to categorize art that is considered an inferior tasteless copy of an existing This word has distinct meanings in other fields see Connotation (semiotics and Connotation and denotation. Modern art, like philosophy, explored the conditions under which we experience and understand the world. It does not simply provide information about it in the manner of an illustratively accurate depiction of the world. "Avant Garde and Kitsch" was also a politically motivated essay in part a response to the destruction and repression of Modernist Art in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union and its replacement with state ordained styles of "Aryan" art and "Socialist realism. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" Socialist realism is a teleologically -oriented style of realistic art which has as its purpose the furtherance of the goals of Socialism and Communism "

Abstract Expressionism and after

Greenberg believed Modernism provided a critical commentary on experience. It was constantly changing to adapt to kitsch pseudo-culture, which was itself always developing. In the years after World War II, Greenberg came to believe that the best avant-garde artists were emerging in America rather than Europe. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Particularly, he championed Jackson Pollock as the greatest painter of his generation, commemorating the artist's "all-over" gestural canvases. In the 1955 essay "American-Type Painting" Greenberg promoted the work of Abstract Expressionists, among them Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Hans Hofmann, Barnett Newman, and Clyfford Still, as the next stage in Modernist art, arguing that these painters were moving towards greater emphasis on the 'flatness' of the picture plane. Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28 1912 &ndash August 11 1956 was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement Willem de Kooning (April 24 1904 – March 19 1997 was an Abstract expressionist painter born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands Hans Hofmann ( March 21 1880 – February 17 1966) was a German-born American abstract expressionist painter Barnett Newman ( January 29, 1905 &ndash July 4, 1970) was an American Artist. Clyfford Still ( November 30, 1904 &ndash June 23, 1980) was an American painter, and one of the leading As part of his program to promote the principle of medium specificity in the arts, Greenberg stressed that this flatness separated their art from the Old Masters, who considered flatness an obtrusive hurdle in painting. Medium specificity is a principle in Aesthetics and Art criticism that developed during the period in Art history called Modernism. Greenberg argued for a method of self-criticism that transported abstract painting from decorative 'wallpaper patterns' to high art. Greenberg's view that, after the war, the United States had become the guardian of 'advanced art' was taken up in some quarters as a reason for using Abstract Expressionism as the basis for Cultural Propaganda exercises. He praised similar movements abroad and, after the success of the Painters Eleven exhibition in 1956 with the American Abstract Artists at New York's Riverside Gallery, he travelled to Toronto to see the group's work in 1957. Painters Eleven (variant names Painters 11 or P11) was a collective of Abstract artists active in Canada from American Abstract Artists ( AAA) was formed in 1936 in New York City, to promote and foster public understanding of Abstract art. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario He was particularly impressed by the potential of painters William Ronald and Jack Bush, and later developed a close friendship with Bush. William Ronald, RCA ( 1926 - 1998) (born Willam Ronald Smith, was an Jack Bush (1909-1977 (variant name John Hamilton Bush) was a Canadian Abstract expressionist painter born in Toronto, Ontario in Greenberg saw Bush's post-Painters Eleven work as a clear manifestation of the shift from abstract expressionism to Color Field painting and Lyrical Abstraction, a shift he had called for in most of his critical writings of the period. In Quantum mechanics, color field is a whimsical name for some of the properties of Quarks Color Field painting is an abstract style that See also Tachisme, Art Informel, School of Paris, Lyrical Abstraction refers to two related but distinctly separate movements in Post-war

Greenberg's taste led him to reject the Pop Art of the 1960s, a trend clearly influenced by kitsch culture. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Through the 1960s Greenberg remained an influential figure on a younger generation of critics including Michael Fried and Rosalind E. Krauss. Michael Fried (born 1939 New York City) is an influential Modernist art critic and art historian Rosalind Krauss (Born Rosalind Epstein on) is an American art critic professor and theorist who is based at Columbia University. Greenberg's antagonism to 'Postmodernist' theories and socially engaged movements in art caused him to lose influence amongst both artists and art critics. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism

Such was Greenberg's influence as an art critic that Tom Wolfe in his 1975 book The Painted Word identified Greenberg as one of the "kings of cultureburg", alongside Harold Rosenberg and Leo Steinberg. Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr (born March 2, 1931 in Richmond, Virginia) known as Tom Wolfe, is a Best-selling The Painted Word is a 1975 book of Art criticism by Tom Wolfe. Harold Rosenberg ( February 2, 1906, New York City - July 11, 1978, New York City was an American writer educator philosopher Leo Steinberg (born 1920 is an American art historian He has won literary awards as well as awards for his criticism Wolfe contended that these critics influence was too great on the world of art.

Post-painterly abstraction

Main article: Post-painterly Abstraction

Eventually, Greenberg was concerned that some Abstract Expressionism had been "reduced to a set of mannerisms" and increasingly looked to a new set of artists who abandoned such elements as subject matter, connection with the artist, and definite brush strokes. Post-painterly Abstraction is a term created by Art critic Clement Greenberg as the title for an exhibit he curated for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art Greenberg suggested this process attained a level of 'purity' (a word he only used in quotes) that would reveal the truthfulness of the canvas, and the two-dimensional aspects of the space (flatness). Canvas is an extremely heavy-duty plain-woven fabric used for making Sails Tents Marquees Backpacks and other functions Greenberg coined the term "Post-Painterly Abstraction" to distinguish it from Abstract Expressionism, or Painterly Abstraction, as Greenberg preferred to call it. Post-Painterly Abstraction was a term given to a myriad of abstract art that reacted against gestural abstraction of second-generation Abstract Expressionists. Among the dominant trends in the Post-Painterly Abstraction are Hard-Edged Painters such as Ellsworth Kelly and Frank Stella who explored relationships between tightly ruled shapes and edges, in Stella's case, between the shapes depicted on the surface and the literal shape of the support and Color-Field Painters such as Helen Frankenthaler and Morris Louis, who stained first Magna then water-based acrylic paints into unprimed canvas, exploring tactile and optical aspects of large, vivid fields of pure, open color. Hard-edge painting consists of rough straight edges that are geometrically consistent Ellsworth Kelly (b Newburgh, New York, May 31, 1923) is an American painter and sculptor associated with Hard-edge painting Frank Stella (born May 12, 1936) is an American painter and Printmaker. In Quantum mechanics, color field is a whimsical name for some of the properties of Quarks Color Field painting is an abstract style that Helen Frankenthaler (born December 12, 1928) is an American Post-painterly abstraction artist Morris Louis ( Morris Louis Bernstein) ( November 28, 1912 - September 7, 1962) is a United States abstract expressionist The line between these movements is tenuous, however as artists such as Kenneth Noland utilized aspects of both movements in his art. Kenneth Noland (born April 10, 1924) is an American abstract painter. Post-Painterly Abstraction is generally seen as continuing the Modernist dialectic of self-criticism. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

Clement Greenberg Collection

In 2000, the Portland Art Museum (PAM) acquired the Clement Greenberg Collection of 159 paintings, prints, drawings, and sculpture by some of the most important American artists of the mid-20th century. The Portland Art Museum (PAM in Portland Oregon, United States, was founded in 1892 making it the oldest Art museum in the Pacific Northwest PAM exhibits the works primarily in the Jubitz Center for Modern and Contemporary Art - some sculpture resides outdoors. Among the collection: Kenneth Noland, Helen Frankenthaler, Jules Olitski, and Sir Anthony Caro. Kenneth Noland (born April 10, 1924) is an American abstract painter. Helen Frankenthaler (born December 12, 1928) is an American Post-painterly abstraction artist Jules Olitski ( March 27 1922 &ndash February 4 2007) was an American abstract painter printmaker and sculptor Sir Anthony Caro, OM, CBE, (born 8 March 1924 in New Malden, then in Surrey) is an English, abstract

Greenberg's widow, Janice van Horn, donated his annotated library of exhibition catalogues and publications on artists in Greenberg's collection to the Portland Art Museum. The Portland Art Museum (PAM in Portland Oregon, United States, was founded in 1892 making it the oldest Art museum in the Pacific Northwest [1] Greenberg's annotated library is available at the Portland Art Museum's Crumpacker Family Library which is open to the public free of charge.

See also

References

  1. ^ Portland Art Museum Acquisition Announcement

Writing by and about Clement Greenberg

External links

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