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The Right Honourable
 Clement Attlee 
The Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC
Clement Attlee
In office
27 July 1945 – 26 October 1951
Monarch George VI
Deputy Herbert Morrison
Preceded by Winston Churchill
Succeeded by Winston Churchill
In office
19 February 1942 – 23 May 1945
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Preceded by None
Succeeded by Herbert Morrison
In office
October 25, 1935 – May 22, 1940
Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin
Neville Chamberlain
Winston Churchill
Preceded by George Lansbury
Succeeded by Hastings Lees-Smith
In office
May 23, 1945 – July 26, 1945
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Preceded by Arthur Greenwood
Succeeded by Winston Churchill
In office
October 26, 1951 – November 1955
Prime Minister Winston Churchill
Anthony Eden
Preceded by Winston Churchill
Succeeded by Herbert Morrison
Born January 3, 1883(1883-01-03)
Putney, London, England
Died October 8, 1967 (aged 84)
London, England
Political party Labour
Spouse Violet Attlee
Alma mater University College, Oxford, United Kingdom
Profession Lawyer
Religion Raised Anglican, later became atheist / agnostic[1]. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain Earl Attlee is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 December 1955 for Clement Attlee, the former Labour The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior member of the British Cabinet. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Stanley Baldwin 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley, KG, PC (3 August 1867 &ndash 14 December 1947 was a British Conservative politician statesman and major Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 &ndash 9 November 1940 was a British Conservative Politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 George Lansbury ( 21 February 1859 &ndash 7 May 1940) was a British Politician, socialist, Christian pacifist Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith ( January 26, 1878 – December 18, 1941) was a United Kingdom Labour politician who was briefly Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 For the US congressional representative from Indiana see Arthur H Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events in November All Saints' Day (formerly All Hallows Day a Christian holy day is celebrated on November 1, the day after Halloween Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Robert Anthony Eden 1st Earl of Avon, KG, MC, PC (12 June 1897 &ndash 14 January 1977 was a British Conservative Politician Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Putney is a district of south-west London in the London Borough of Wandsworth. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Violet Helen Attlee Countess Attlee ( née Millar 20 November 1895 &ndash 7 June 1964) was the wife of British Prime Minister Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval University College (in full the The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as Univ) is one of The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Atheism Agnosticism ( Greek: α- a-, without + γνώσις gnōsis, knowledge after Gnosticism) is the philosophical view that the

Clement Richard Attlee, 1st Earl Attlee, KG, OM, CH, PC (3 January 1883 – 8 October 1967) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1945 to 1951. The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Order of the Companions of Honour is a British and Commonwealth Order. Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom The Labour Party under Attlee won a landslide election victory over Winston Churchill immediately after Churchill had led Britain through World War II. The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including He was the first Labour Prime Minister to serve a full Parliamentary term and the first to have a majority in Parliament.

The government he led put in place the post-war consensus, based upon the assumption that full employment would be maintained by Keynesian policies, and that a greatly enlarged system of social services would be created -- aspirations that had been outlined in the wartime Beveridge Report. The post-war consensus was an era in British political history which lasted from the end of World War II to the election of Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister In Macroeconomics, full employment is when all people looking for employment can find a job In Economics Keynesian economics (ˈkeɪnziən also Keynesianism and Keynesian Theory) is based on the ideas of twentieth-century British economist The Beveridge Report was the Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services chaired by William Beveridge, an economist Within this context, his government undertook the nationalisation of major industries and public utilities as well as the creation of the National Health Service. Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government A public utility (usually just utility) is an organization that maintains the Infrastructure for a public service (often also providing a service using The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although After initial Conservative opposition, this settlement, generally known as the post-war consensus, was by and large accepted by all parties[2] until Margaret Thatcher became leader of the Conservative Party in the 1970s. The post-war consensus was an era in British political history which lasted from the end of World War II to the election of Margaret Thatcher as Prime Minister Margaret Hilda Thatcher Baroness Thatcher LG, OM, PC, FRS (born 13 October 1925 The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom.

His government also presided over the decolonization of a large part of the British Empire, a process by which India and the countries that are now Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh obtained independence. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially

In 2004, he was voted as the greatest British prime minister of the 20th century in a poll of professors organized by MORI. Although many surveys have been conducted in order to construct rankings of the success of individuals who have served as President of the United States, until the late 1990s few had been Ipsos MORI is the second largest survey research organisation in the UK formed by two of the UK's leading companies in October 2005 [3]

Contents

Early life and family

He was born in Putney, London, England, into a middle-class family, the seventh of eight children. Putney is a district of south-west London in the London Borough of Wandsworth. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. His father was Henry Attlee (1841–1908) and was a solicitor, and his mother was Ellen Bravery Watson (1847–1920). He was educated at Northaw School, Haileybury and University College, Oxford, where he graduated with a Second Class Honours MA in Modern History in 1904. Haileybury and Imperial Service College, (usually shortened to Haileybury & ISC or Haileybury) is a famous British Independent school founded in 1862 University College (in full the The Master and Fellows of the College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford, colloquially referred to as Univ) is one of The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme for Undergraduate degrees ( Bachelor's degrees and some Master's degrees Attlee then trained as a lawyer, and was called to the Bar in 1906[1].

From 1907 to 1910, Attlee also worked as manager of Haileybury House, a club for working class boys in Limehouse in the East End of London run by his old school. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Limehouse is a place in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. It is on the northern bank of the River Thames opposite Rotherhithe and between Ratcliff The poverty and deprivation he saw while working with slum children caused him to convert to socialism. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution He joined the Independent Labour Party in 1908. See Independent Labor Party for the Political party in Burundi, Independent Labour Group for the Irish party and Labour candidates

Attlee became a lecturer at the London School of Economics in 1913, but promptly applied for a Commission in August 1914 for World War I[1]. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All

Millitary service during World War I

During World War I, Attlee was given the rank of captain and served with the South Lancashire Regiment in the Battle of Gallipoli in Turkey. Please see " Captain " for other versions of this rank Captain is a rank in the British armed forces that is used in the Army, Royal Navy The South Lancashire Regiment (The Prince of Wales's Volunteers was a regiment of the British Army. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches After a while he became ill with dysentery and was sent to hospital in Malta to recover. Dysentery (formerly known as flux or the bloody flux) is an infection of the digestive system that results in severe Diarrhea containing mucus and blood Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands This probably saved his life, as while he was in hospital he missed the Battle of Sari Bair in which many of his comrades were killed. The Battle of Sari Bair ( Turkish Anafartalar Savaşı or "Sarı Bayır muharebesi" also known as the August Offensive, was the final attempt made He returned to the front and was informed that his company had been chosen to hold the final lines when Gallipoli was evacuated. He was the last but one man to be evacuated from Suvla Bay[1]. Suvla is a Bay on the Aegean coast of the Gallipoli peninsula in European Turkey, south of the Gulf of Saros.

He later served in the Mesopotamian Campaign, where he was badly wounded at El Hanna after being hit in the leg by shrapnel from an exploding shell whilst taking enemy trenches. The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the Great War fought between Allied Powers represented by the British Empire The Siege of Kut was a major battle of World War I. It was part of the Mesopotamian Campaign (in what is now Iraq) He was sent back to England to recover, and spent most of 1917 training soldiers. He was sent to France in June 1918 to serve on the Western Front for the last months of the war[1]. Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining

By the end of World War I, he had reached the rank of major, and continued to be known as "Major Attlee" for much of the inter-war period. Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country

His decision to fight in the war caused a rift between him and his older brother Tom Attlee, who as a pacifist and a conscientious objector spent much of the war in prison[1]. A conscientious objector (CO is an individual who on religious moral or ethical grounds refuses to participate as a combatant in war or in some cases to take any role that would support After the war, he returned to teaching at the London School of Economics until 1923. The London School of Economics and Political Science, more commonly referred to as The London School of Economics or LSE, is a specialist college of the

Marriage and children

Attlee met Violet Millar on a trip to Italy in 1921. Violet Helen Attlee Countess Attlee ( née Millar 20 November 1895 &ndash 7 June 1964) was the wife of British Prime Minister Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Within a few weeks of their return they became engaged and were married at Christ Church, Hampstead on January 10, 1922. Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Theirs would be a devoted marriage until her death in 1964. Their four children were Lady Janet Helen (b. 1923), Lady Felicity Ann (1925-2007), Martin Richard (1927-1991) and Lady Alison Elizabeth (b. Martin Richard Attlee 2nd Earl Attlee ( 10 August 1927 - 27 July 1991) was a British politician son of former British Prime Minister Clement 1930).

Early political career

Attlee became involved in local politics in the immediate post-war period, becoming mayor of the metropolitan borough of Stepney in 1919; one of London's poorest inner-city boroughs. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. The Metropolitan Borough of Stepney was a Metropolitan borough in the County of London created in 1900 During his time as mayor, the council undertook action to tackle slum landlords who charged high rents but refused to spend money on keeping their property in habitable condition. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security Landlord is the owner of a House, Apartment, Condominium, or Real estate which is rented or Leased to an individual or business The council served and enforced legal orders on house owners to repair their property. It also appointed health visitors and sanitary inspectors, and reduced the infant mortallity rate[1].

In 1920, whilst he was mayor, he wrote his first book "The Social Worker" which set out many of the principles which underlay his political philosophy, and which underlay the actions of his government in latter years[1]. The book attacked the idea that looking after the poor could be left to voluntary action. He wrote that:

'Charity is a cold grey loveless thing. If a rich man wants to help the poor, he should pay his taxes gladly, not dole out money at a whim'.

He went on to write:

'In a civilised community, although it may be composed of self reliant individuals, there will be some persons who will be unable at some period of their lives to look after themselves, and the question of what is to happen to them may be solved in three ways - they may be neglected, they may be cared for by the organised community as of right, or they may be left to the goodwill of individuals in the community. The first way is intolerable, and as for the third: Charity is only possible without loss of dignity between equals. A right established by law, such as that to an old age pension, is less galling than an allowance made by a rich man to a poor one, dependent on his view of the recipient’s character, and terminable at his caprice’.

At the 1922 general election, Attlee became the MP for the constituency of Limehouse in Stepney. The UK general election of 1922 was held on 15 November 1922 It was the first election held after most of the Irish counties left the United Kingdom to form the Irish A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty Limehouse was a Borough constituency centred on the Limehouse district of the East End of London. Stepney is an inner-city district in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. He was Ramsay MacDonald's parliamentary private secretary for the brief 1922 parliament. James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United A Parliamentary Private Secretary ( PPS) is a role given to a United Kingdom Member of Parliament (MP by a senior minister in government or shadow

His first taste of ministerial office came in 1924, when he served as Under-Secretary of State for War in the short-lived First Labour Government, led by MacDonald[1]. The first Labour government of the United Kingdom lasted from January to November 1924

In 1926, he actively supported the General Strike. The UK General Strike of 1926 was a General strike that lasted nine days from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. In 1927, he was appointed a member of the multi-party Simon Commission, a Royal Commission set up to examine the possibility of granting self-rule to India. The Indian Statutory Commission was a group of seven British Members of Parliament that had been dispatched to India in 1927 to study constitutional reform The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the Self-governance is an abstract concept that refers to several scales of Organization. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British As a result of the time he needed to devote to the commission, and contrary to a promise made to Attlee by MacDonald to induce him to serve on the commission, he was not initially offered a ministerial post in the Second Labour Government. The Second Labour Government was formed by Ramsay MacDonald on his second appointment as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom on June 5 1929. Ironically, though, his unsought service on the Commission was to equip Attlee (who was later to have to decide the future of India as Prime Minister) with a thorough exposure to India and many of its political leaders.

In 1930, Labour MP Oswald Mosley left the party after its rejection of his proposals for solving the unemployment problem. Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British Attlee was given Mosley's post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is in modern times a Sinecure office in the Government of the United Kingdom. He was Postmaster General at the time of the 1931 crisis, during which most of the party's leaders lost their seats.

Opposition

Attlee became deputy leader of the Labour party under George Lansbury in the aftermath of the 1931 General Election. George Lansbury ( 21 February 1859 &ndash 7 May 1940) was a British Politician, socialist, Christian pacifist

Like MacDonald and Lansbury, Attlee and most Labour MPs (in concert with the Liberal Party) opposed rearmament in the interwar period, a position criticised by Winston Churchill in his book The Gathering Storm. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 However, after the rise of Adolf Hitler, Attlee and most of the Labour Party would come to oppose appeasement, especially after the pacifist Lansbury's resignation in 1935. Hi and welcome to Wikipedia! Please understand that this article is frequently vandalized and vandalism is reverted immediately

The Parliamentary Labour Party then appointed Attlee as interim leader until after the general election that year. An interim leader, in Canadian politics is a party leader appointed by the party's legislative caucus or the party's executive to temporarily act as leader to fill a gap between Results |} Total votes cast 20991488 All parties shown Conservatives include Ulster Unionists Seats won by the Independent Labour Party (ILP are In the post-election leadership contest Attlee was elected, beating out both Herbert Morrison and Arthur Greenwood. Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British For the US congressional representative from Indiana see Arthur H He was to remain leader of the party until 1955; to date, Labour's longest-serving party leader.

In 1937 Attlee visited Spain and visited the British Battalion of the International Brigades fighting in the Spanish Civil War[1]. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. For information relating to the World War Two British Army unit see British Battalion (Malaya 1941. The International Brigades were Republican Military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of One of the companies was named the 'Major Attlee Company' in his honour.

Deputy prime minister

Attlee as Lord Privy Seal, visiting a munitions factory in 1941
Attlee as Lord Privy Seal, visiting a munitions factory in 1941

Attlee remained opposition leader when war broke out in September 1939. The disastrous Norwegian campaign resulted in a motion of no confidence in the government. The Norwegian Campaign, lasting from 9 April to 10 June 1940, led to the first direct land confrontation between the military forces of the Allies A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion [4] Although Chamberlain survived this, the reputation of his administration was so badly damaged that it was clear that a coalition government was necessary. A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a Cabinet of a parliamentary Government in which several parties cooperate The crisis coincided with the Labour Party Conference. The Labour Party Conference, or annual national conference of the Labour Party, is formally the supreme decision-making body of the Party Even if Attlee had been prepared to serve under Chamberlain (in a "national emergency government"), he would not have been able to carry the party with him. Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 1869 &ndash 9 November 1940 was a British Conservative Politician and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Consequently, Chamberlain tendered his resignation, and Labour and the Liberals entered a coalition government led by Winston Churchill. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874

In the World War II coalition government, three interconnected committees ran the war. Churchill chaired the War Cabinet and the Defence Committee. A War Cabinet is a committee formed by a government in time of war The Defence Committee is one of the Select Committees of the British House of Commons, having been established in 1979 Attlee was his regular deputy in these committees, and answered for the government in parliament when Churchill was absent. Attlee chaired the third body, the Lord President's Committee, which ran the civil side of the war. The Lord President's Committee was a British government Committee during the Second World War. As Churchill was most concerned with executing the war, the arrangement suited both men.

Only he and Churchill remained in the war cabinet throughout World War II. Attlee was Lord Privy Seal (1940–1942), Deputy Prime Minister (1942–1945), Dominions Secretary (1942–1943), and Lord President of the Council (1943–1945). The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the The Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior member of the British Cabinet. The position of Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs was a British cabinet level position created in 1925 to deal with British relations with the Dominions &mdash Canada, The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above Attlee supported Churchill in his continuation of Britain's resistance after the French capitulation in 1940, and proved a loyal ally to Churchill throughout the conflict. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Prime Minister

Attlee meeting King George VI after his election victory
Attlee meeting King George VI after his election victory

The war set in motion profound social changes within Britain, and led to a popular desire for social reform. Reform Movement redirects here For specific organizations by that name see Reform Movement (disambiguation A reform movement is a kind This mood was epitomised in the Beveridge Report. The Beveridge Report was the Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services chaired by William Beveridge, an economist The report assumed that the maintenance of full employment would be the aim of postwar governments, and that this would provide the basis for the welfare state. This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom. All major parties were committed to this aim, but perhaps Attlee and Labour were seen by the electorate as the best candidates to follow through with their programme.

The landslide 1945 Election returned Labour to power and Attlee became prime minister. Results |} Total votes cast 24073025 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Reason for Labour victory In domestic policy, the party had clear aims. Domestic policy presents decisions laws and programs made by the government which are directly related to issues in the country Attlee's first Health Secretary, Aneurin Bevan, fought against the general disapproval of the medical establishment in creating the British National Health Service. Aneurin Bevan, usually known as Nye Bevan ( 15 November 1897 &ndash 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although Although there are often disputes about its organisation and funding, British parties to this day must still voice their general support for the NHS in order to remain electable. [5]

Attlee's government was also responsible for the nationalisation of basic industries and public utillities such as the Bank of England, coal mining, the steel industry, electricity, gas, telephones, and inland transport (including the railways, road haulage and canals). Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government The Bank of England (formally the Governor and Company of the Bank of England) is a state-owned institution and the Central bank of the United Kingdom The National Coal Board (NCB was the Statutory Corporation created to run the nationalised Coal mining industry in Britain. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 See also Rail transport in Great Britain, National Rail, Network Rail This article is about the defunct entity "British Railways" Other changes included the creation of a National Parks system. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution

Nevertheless, the most significant problem remained the economy; the war effort had left Britain practically bankrupt. In Politics and Military planning, a war effort refers to a coordinated Mobilization of society's resources&mdashboth industrial and During the period of transition to a peacetime economy, the maintaining of strategic military commitments created an imbalance of trade, and the dollar gap. This was mitigated by an American loan negotiated by John Maynard Keynes and the (reluctant) devaluation of the pound in 1949 by Stafford Cripps. John Maynard Keynes 1st Baron Keynes CB (ˈkeɪnz "cains" (5 June 1883 &ndash 21 April 1946 was a British Economist whose ideas Sir Richard Stafford Cripps ( 24 April 1889 &ndash 21 April 1952) was a British Labour politician and Chancellor With hindsight, the economic recovery was relatively rapid, yet rationing and coal shortages would continue in the postwar years. Rationing is the controlled distribution of resources and scarce goods or services Despite the corruption scandal exposed by the Lynskey tribunal in 1948, Attlee remained personally popular with the electorate. The Lynskey tribunal (1948 was a Tribunal of inquiry into allegations of corruption among British Government ministers and Civil servants The

Relations with the Royal Family, on the other hand, were more strained. A royal family is the extended family of a monarch. Generally the head of a royal family is a king or queen regnant A letter from Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), dated May 17th 1947, showed "her decided lack of enthusiasm for the socialist government" and describes the British electorate as "poor people, so many half-educated and bemused" for electing Attlee over Winston Churchill, whom she saw as a war hero. Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (Elizabeth Angela Marguerite 4 August 1900 &ndash 30 March 2002 was the Queen Consort of King George Queen mother is a title or position reserved for a widowed Queen consort (a Queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch A hero (from Greek grc ἥρως hērōs) in Greek mythology and Folklore, was originally a Demigod, the offspring of a mortal and That said, according to Lord Wyatt, this was to be expected as the Queen Mother was "the most right-wing member of the Royal Family. "[6]

Clement Attlee (left) with President Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference
Clement Attlee (left) with President Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the Potsdam Conference

In foreign affairs, Attlee's cabinet was concerned with four issues: postwar Europe, the onset of the cold war, the establishment of the United Nations, and decolonisation. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The first two were closely related, and Attlee was assisted in these matters by Ernest Bevin. Ernest Bevin ( 9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader politician and statesman best known for his time as Attlee attended the later stages of the Potsdam Conference in the company of Truman and Stalin. The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party

In the immediate aftermath of the war, the Government faced the challenge of managing relations with Britain's former war-time ally, Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Attlee's Foreign Secretary, the former trade union leader Ernest Bevin, was passionately anti-communist, based largely on his experience of fighting communist influence in the trades union movement. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Ernest Bevin ( 9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader politician and statesman best known for his time as Anti-communism refers to opposition to Communism. Historically the word "communism" has been used to refer to several types of communal social organization and Bevin's initial approach to the USSR as Foreign Secretary has been described by historian Kenneth O. Morgan as "wary and suspicious, but not automatically hostile". [7]

In a crucial contribution to the economic stability of post-War Europe, Attlee's cabinet was instrumental in promoting the American Marshall Plan for the economic recovery of Europe. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger

In an early "good-will" gesture that has been criticised more recently, the Attlee government allowed the Soviets access, under the terms of a 1946 UK-USSR Trade Agreement, to several Rolls-Royce Nene jet engines. A trade pact is a wide ranging Tax tariff and trade pact that often includes Investment guarantees WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout specific --->A jet engine is a Reaction engine that discharges a fast moving jet of Fluid to The Soviets, who at the time were well behind the West in jet technology, reverse-engineered the Nene, and installed their own version in the MiG-15 interceptor, used to good effect against US-UK forces in the subsequent Korean War, as well as in several later MiG models. Reverse engineering (RE is the process of discovering the technological principles of a device object or system through analysis of its structure function and operation WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [8]

After Stalin took political control of most of Eastern Europe and began to subvert other governments in the Balkans, Attlee's and Bevin's worst fears of Soviet intentions were borne out. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Attlee government then became instrumental in the creation of the successful NATO defence alliance to protect Western Europe against any Soviet aggression. The North Atlantic Treaty Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe ' [9] Attlee also shepherded Britain's successful development of a nuclear weapon, although the first successful test did not occur until 1952, after he left office. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion.

Foriegn Secretary Ernest Bevin (left) with Clement Attlee in 1945
Foriegn Secretary Ernest Bevin (left) with Clement Attlee in 1945

One of the most urgent problems concerned the future of the Palestine Mandate. Ernest Bevin ( 9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader politician and statesman best known for his time as The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement This was a very unpopular commitment and the evacuation of British troops and subsequent handing over of the issue to the UN was widely supported by the public. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

Attlee's cabinet was responsible for the first and greatest act of decolonisation in the British Empire -- India. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. This article is about the history of South Asia prior to the Partition of British India in 1947 Attlee appointed Lord Louis Mountbatten as Viceroy of India, and agreed to Mountbatten's request for plenipotentiary powers for negotiating Indian indepenendence. Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, KG, GCB, OM, GCSI, In view of implacable demands by the political leadership of the Islamic community in British India for a Muslim homeland, Mountbatten conceded the partition of India between a largely Hindu India and a heavily Islamic Pakistan (which at the time incorporated East Pakistan, now Bangladesh). The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Partition was only accomplished at the cost of large-scale population movements and heavy communal bloodshed on both sides. The independence of Burma and Ceylon was also negotiated around this time. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island Some of the new countries became British Dominions, the genesis of the modern Commonwealth of Nations. A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities under sovereign authority within the British Empire and

His government's policies with regard to the other colonies, however, particularly those in Africa, were very different. A major military base was built in Kenya, and the African colonies came under an unprecedented degree of direct control from London, as development schemes were implemented with a view to helping solve Britain's desperate post-war balance of payments crisis, and (perhaps secondarily) raising African living standards. Etymology The word bases is first recorded in English language from c In Economics, the balance of payments, (or BOP) measures the Payments that flow between any individual Country and all other countries The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population This 'new colonialism' was, however, generally a failure: in some cases, such as a then-infamous Tanganyika groundnut scheme, spectacularly so. The Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme (groundnut fiasco was a plan to cultivate tracts of what is now Tanzania with Peanuts It was a project of the British

The Labour Party was returned to power in the general election of 1950, albeit with a much reduced majority in the first past the post voting system; it was at this time that a degree of Conservative opposition recovered at the expense of the dying Liberal Party. Results |} Total votes cast 28771124 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Votes summary Seats summary The plurality voting system is a Single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member A voting system allows voters to choose between options often in an Election where candidates are selected for public office. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party

By 1951, the Attlee government was looking increasingly exhausted, with several of its most important ministers having passed away or ailing. The party split in 1951 over the austerity budget brought in by Hugh Gaitskell to pay for the cost of Britain's participation in the Korean War: Aneurin Bevan, architect of the National Health Service (NHS), resigned to protest against the new charges for "teeth and spectacles" introduced by the budget, and was joined in this action by the later prime minister, Harold Wilson. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell ( 9 April 1906 &ndash 18 January 1963) was a British politician leader of the Labour Party from 1955 The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Aneurin Bevan, usually known as Nye Bevan ( 15 November 1897 &ndash 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour James Harold Wilson Baron Wilson of Rievaulx, KG, OBE, FRS, PC (11 March 1916 &ndash 24 May 1995 was one of the most prominent British politicians Labour lost the general election of 1951 to Churchill's renewed Conservatives, despite polling more votes than in the 1945 election and indeed more votes nationwide than the Conservative Party. Results |} Total votes cast 28596594 All parties shown Conservative result includes the Ulster Unionists Votes summary Headline

His short list of Resignation Honours announced in November 1951 included an Earldom for William Jowitt, Lord Chancellor. The 1951 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours were officially announced in a supplement to the London Gazette of 27 November 1951, published William Allen Jowitt 1st Earl Jowitt, PC, ( 15 April 1885 &ndash 16 August 1957) was a British Lawyer and [10]

Return to opposition and retirement

Following the defeat in 1951, Attlee continued to lead the party in opposition. His last four years as leader are widely seen as one of the Labour Party's weaker periods[11]. The party became split between its right wing led by Hugh Gaitskell and its left led by Aneurin Bevan. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell ( 9 April 1906 &ndash 18 January 1963) was a British politician leader of the Labour Party from 1955 Aneurin Bevan, usually known as Nye Bevan ( 15 November 1897 &ndash 6 July 1960) was a Welsh Labour One of his main reasons for staying on as leader was to frustrate the leadership ambitions of Herbert Morrison[11], whom Attlee disliked for political and personal reasons. Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British Attlee had reportedly at one time favoured Bevan to succeed him as leader[1], but this became problematic after the latter split the party. Attlee, now aged 72, contested the 1955 general election, which saw the Conservative majority increase. Results |} Total votes cast 26759729 All parties shown Conservatives include National Liberal Party and Ulster Unionists Votes He retired as leader in December 1955, having led the party for over 20 years, and was succeeded by Hugh Gaitskell. Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell ( 9 April 1906 &ndash 18 January 1963) was a British politician leader of the Labour Party from 1955

He retired from the Commons and was elevated to the peerage to take his seat in the House of Lords as Earl Attlee and Viscount Prestwood on 16 December 1955. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" Earl Attlee is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 December 1955 for Clement Attlee, the former Labour Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) He attended Churchill's funeral in January 1965 - elderly and frail by then, he had to remain seated in the freezing cold as the coffin was carried, having tired himself out by standing at the rehearsal the previous day. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. He lived to see his old constituency of Walthamstow West fall to the Conservatives in a by-election in September 1967. Walthamstow West was a Borough constituency in what is now the London Borough of Waltham Forest in East London. Clement Attlee died of pneumonia on 8 October 1967. Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal

On his death, the title passed to his son Martin Richard Attlee, 2nd Earl Attlee (1927 - 1991). Martin Richard Attlee 2nd Earl Attlee ( 10 August 1927 - 27 July 1991) was a British politician son of former British Prime Minister Clement It is now held by Clement Attlee's grandson John Richard Attlee, 3rd Earl Attlee. John Richard Attlee 3rd Earl Attlee (born 1956 is a peer in the United Kingdom House of Lords and the grandson of Clement Attlee, the British The third earl (a member of the Conservative Party) retained his seat in the Lords as one of the hereditary peers to remain under an amendment to Labour's 1999 House of Lords Act. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Hereditary peers form part of the Peerage in the United Kingdom. The House of Lords Act 1999 (1999 c 34 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that was given Royal Assent on 11 November 1999

When Attlee died, his estate was sworn for probate purposes at a value of £7,295, a relatively modest sum for so prominent a figure.

His ashes are buried in the nave of Westminster Abbey, close to those of Lord Passfield and Ernest Bevin. The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church Sidney James Webb 1st Baron Passfield PC ( 13 July, 1859 &ndash 13 October, 1947) was a British socialist economist and reformer Ernest Bevin ( 9 March 1881 - 14 April 1951) was a British labour leader politician and statesman best known for his time as

Legacy

"A modest man, but then he has so much to be modest about," is a quote about Attlee that is very commonly ascribed to Churchill (although Churchill in fact had every reason to respect Attlee's service in the War Cabinet). [12] Attlee's modesty and quiet manner hid a great deal that has only come to light with historical reappraisal. In terms of the machinery of government, he was one of the most businesslike and effective of all the British prime ministers. The Machinery of Government (sometimes MOG) means the interconnected structures and processes of Government, such as the functions and accountability of departments Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom, and Indeed he is widely praised by his successors, both Labour and Conservative.

His leadership style of consensual government, acting as a chairman rather than a president, won him much praise from historians and politicians alike. Even Thatcherites confess to admiring him. Christopher Soames, a Cabinet Minister under Thatcher, remarked that "Mrs Thatcher was not really running a team. Every time you have a Prime Minister who wants to make all the decisions, it mainly leads to bad results. Attlee didn't. That's why he was so damn good. "[13] Even Thatcher herself wrote in her 1995 memoirs, which charted her beginnings in Grantham to her victory in the 1979 General Election, that she admired Attlee saying: "Of Clement Attlee, however, I was an admirer. Grantham is a Market town within the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. Background Callaghan had succeeded Harold Wilson as Labour Prime Minister after the latter's surprise resignation in April 1976 He was a serious man and a patriot. Quite contrary to the general tendency of politicians in the 1990s, he was all substance and no show".

His administration presided over the successful transition from a wartime economy to peacetime, tackling problems of demobilisation, shortages of foreign currency, and adverse deficits in trade balances and government expenditure. War economy is the term used to describe the contingencies undertaken by the modern State to mobilise its Economy for War production. A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Government spending or government expenditure is classified by economists into three main types Another change he brought about in domestic politics was the establishment of the National Health Service and post-war Welfare State. The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although This article refers specifically to the Welfare state of the United Kingdom.

Statue of Attlee outside Limehouse Library.
Statue of Attlee outside Limehouse Library.

In foreign affairs, he did much to assist with the post-war economic recovery of Europe, though this did not lead to a realisation that this was where Britain's future might lie. He proved a loyal ally of America at the onset of the cold war. Because of his style of leadership it was not he but Ernest Bevin who masterminded foreign policy.

It was Attlee's government that decided Britain should have an independent atomic weapons programme, and work began on it in 1947. Bevin, Attlee's Foreign Secretary, famously stated that "We've got to have it and it's got to have a bloody Union Jack on it. The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the national flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. " However, the first operational British A Bomb was not detonated until October 1952, about one year after Attlee had left office. For the Allied air forces show of force over Germany during World War II see Operation Hurricane (1944 Operation Hurricane was the test of the first

Though a socialist, Attlee still believed in the British Empire of his youth, an institution that, on the whole, he thought was a power for good in the world. Nevertheless, he saw that a large part of it needed to be self-governing. Using the Dominions of Canada, Australia, and New Zealand as a model, he began the transformation of the Empire into the Commonwealth. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island

His greatest achievement, surpassing many of these, was, perhaps, the establishment of a political and economic consensus about the governance of Britain that all parties subscribed to for three decades, fixing the arena of political discourse until the later 1970s.

Attlee's cabinet 1945-1950

Changes

Attlee's cabinet 1950-1951

In February 1950, a substantial reshuffle took place following the General Election:

Changes

Appearance in popular culture

Art

Literature

"Few thought he was even a starter.
There were many in life who were smarter.
But he finished PM,
A CH, an OM,
An earl and a Knight of the Garter. "
Source: Jobes, B. , Barry Jones' Dictionary of World Biography, 1994

Sport

Drama

Further reading

Clement Attlee published his memoirs, As it Happened, in 1954.

Francis Williams' A Prime Minister Remembers, based on interviews with Attlee, was published in 1961.

Attlee's other publications include:

The Social Worker (1920); The Town Councillor (1925); The Will and the Way to Socialism (1935); The Labour Party in Perspective (1937); Collective Security Under the United Nations (1958); Empire into Commonwealth (1961).

Biographies include:

Biographies of Attlee and of his Cabinet can be found in:

The entry on Attlee in the Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) was prepared by Maurice Shock, who as a Fellow of University College, Oxford (Attlee's alma mater), came to know Attlee personally in his later years. The Dictionary of National Biography ( DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history published from 1885

Accounts of the period include:

Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power 1945-51, Oxford University Press, 1984;

Greg Rosen, Old Labour to New, Politicos Publishing, 2005.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Beckett, Francis. (1997) Clem Attlee A Biography By Francis Beckett, Richard Cohen Books, ISBN 1 86066 101 7
  2. ^ Conservative Party website - the postwar consensus
  3. ^ http://www.mori.com/polls/2004/leeds.shtml Ipsos MORI: Rating British Prime Ministers
  4. ^ BBC - History - The Norway Campaign in World War Two
  5. ^ See, e. g. , http://content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/8/4/52.pdf
  6. ^ Andrew Pierce, "What Queen Mother really thought of Attlee's socialist 'heaven on earth'." The Times, 13/5/06, p.9)
  7. ^ Morgan, Labour in Power.
  8. ^ Gordon, Yefim, Mikoyan-Gurevich MIG-15: The Soviet Union's Long-Lived Korean War Fighter, Midland Press (2001)
  9. ^ See, e. g. , Kenneth O. Morgan, Labour in Power (Oxford, 1984), especially Chapter 6.
  10. ^ The Times, Friday, November 30, 1951; pg. 6; Issue 52172; col G: "The Resignation Honours: Earldom For Lord Jowitt".
  11. ^ a b Thorpe, Andrew. (2001) A History Of The British Labour Party, Palgrave, ISBN 0-333-92908-x
  12. ^ Walter L. Arnstein, Britain Yesterday and Today: 1830 to the Present, Chapter 19, p. 363
  13. ^ Peter Hennessy, The Prime Minister: The Office and its Holders since 1945, Chapter 7, p. 150

External links


Political offices
Preceded by
Wilfrid Ashley		 Under-Secretary of State for War
1924		 Succeeded by
The Earl of Onslow
Preceded by
Sir Oswald Mosley		 Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
1930 – 1931		 Succeeded by
The Lord Ponsonby of Shulbrede
Preceded by
Hastings Lees-Smith		 United Kingdom Postmaster General
1931		 Succeeded by
Sir William Ormsby-Gore
Preceded by
George Lansbury		 Leader of the Opposition
1935 – 1940		 Succeeded by
Hastings Lees-Smith
Preceded by
Sir Kingsley Wood		 Lord Privy Seal
1940 – 1942		 Succeeded by
Sir Stafford Cripps
New title Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
1942 – 1945		 Succeeded by
Herbert Stanley Morrison
Preceded by
Viscount Cranborne		 Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
1942 – 1943		 Succeeded by
Viscount Cranborne
Preceded by
Sir John Anderson		 Lord President of the Council
1943 – 1945		 Succeeded by
The Lord Woolton
Preceded by
Arthur Greenwood		 Leader of the Opposition
1945		 Succeeded by
Winston Churchill
Preceded by
Winston Churchill		 Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
27 July 1945 – 26 October 1951
Minister of Defence
1945 – 1946		 Succeeded by
A. V. Alexander
Leader of the Opposition
1951 – 1955		 Succeeded by
Hugh Gaitskell
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by
Sir William Pearce		 Member of Parliament for Limehouse
1922 – 1950		 Constituency abolished
Preceded by
Valentine McEntee		 Member of Parliament for Walthamstow West
1950 – 1956		 Succeeded by
Edward Redhead
Party political offices
Preceded by
John Robert Clynes		 Deputy Leader of the British Labour Party
1932 – 1935		 Succeeded by
Arthur Greenwood
Preceded by
George Lansbury		 Leader of the British Labour Party
1935 – 1955		 Succeeded by
Hugh Gaitskell
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation Earl Attlee
1955 – 1967		 Succeeded by
Martin Attlee
Find A Grave is a Website allowing its users to access maintain and expand an online Database of Burial records Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State for War 1794-1947 1794 Sir Evan Nepean, Bt 1795 William Huskisson In 1801 the Richard William Alan Onslow 5th Earl Onslow GBE PC ( 23 August 1876 &ndash 9 June 1945) was a British peer Sir Oswald Ernald Mosley 6th Baronet (16 November 1896 &ndash 3 December 1980 was a British Politician, known principally as the founder of the British The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is in modern times a Sinecure office in the Government of the United Kingdom. Arthur Augustus William Harry Ponsonby 1st Baron Ponsonby of Shulbrede ( 16 February 1871 - 23 March 1946) was a British politician writer Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith ( January 26, 1878 – December 18, 1941) was a United Kingdom Labour politician who was briefly The Postmaster General in the United Kingdom is a defunct ministerial position in HM Government. For his great-great grandson see William Ormsby-Gore 4th Baron Harlech. George Lansbury ( 21 February 1859 &ndash 7 May 1940) was a British Politician, socialist, Christian pacifist The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Hastings Bertrand Lees-Smith ( January 26, 1878 – December 18, 1941) was a United Kingdom Labour politician who was briefly Sir Howard Kingsley Wood ( 19 August 1881 &ndash 21 September 1943) was a Conservative politician in the United Kingdom The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the Sir Richard Stafford Cripps ( 24 April 1889 &ndash 21 April 1952) was a British Labour politician and Chancellor The Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior member of the British Cabinet. Herbert Stanley Morrison Baron Morrison of Lambeth, CH PC ( 3 January 1888 &ndash 6 March 1965) was a British Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil 5th Marquess of Salisbury, KG PC ( August 27, 1893 &ndash February 23, 1972) was a The position of Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs was a British cabinet level position created in 1925 to deal with British relations with the Dominions &mdash Canada, Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil 5th Marquess of Salisbury, KG PC ( August 27, 1893 &ndash February 23, 1972) was a John Anderson 1st Viscount Waverley, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCIE, PC ( 8 July 1882 &ndash 4 January The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above Frederick James Marquis 1st Earl of Woolton CH, PC (1883&ndash1964 was a British businessman and politician For the US congressional representative from Indiana see Arthur H The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom A defence minister (or defense minister) is a Cabinet position which regulates the Armed forces in some sovereign nations Albert Victor Alexander 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough, KG, CH, PC (1 May 1885&ndash11 January 1965 was a British Labour and The Leader of the Opposition (sometimes known as the Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons) in the United Kingdom is the politician who leads Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell ( 9 April 1906 &ndash 18 January 1963) was a British politician leader of the Labour Party from 1955 The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Limehouse was a Borough constituency centred on the Limehouse district of the East End of London. The UK general election of 1922 was held on 15 November 1922 It was the first election held after most of the Irish counties left the United Kingdom to form the Irish Results |} Total votes cast 28771124 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Votes summary Seats summary Valentine McEntee 1st Baron McEntee ( 16 January 1871 &ndash 11 February 1953) was an Irish -born Labour Member of A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Walthamstow West was a Borough constituency in what is now the London Borough of Waltham Forest in East London. Results |} Total votes cast 28771124 All parties shown Conservative total includes Ulster Unionists Votes summary Seats summary Edward Charles Redhead JP ( 8 April, 1902 &ndash 15 April, 1967) was a British civil servant and politician who became John Robert Clynes ( 27 March 1869 &ndash 23 October 1949) was a British Trade unionist and Labour Party The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the For the US congressional representative from Indiana see Arthur H George Lansbury ( 21 February 1859 &ndash 7 May 1940) was a British Politician, socialist, Christian pacifist The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the Hugh Todd Naylor Gaitskell ( 9 April 1906 &ndash 18 January 1963) was a British politician leader of the Labour Party from 1955 The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most Peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801 when Earl Attlee is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 16 December 1955 for Clement Attlee, the former Labour Martin Richard Attlee 2nd Earl Attlee ( 10 August 1927 - 27 July 1991) was a British politician son of former British Prime Minister Clement
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