Classless society refers to a society which lacks social class - distinctions of wealth, income, education, culture, or social network. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures.

Contents 1 Marxist definition 2 Classlessness 3 References 4 See also

Marxist definition

In Marxist theory, tribal society, primitive communism, was classless. Primitive communism is A term usually associated with Karl Marx, but most fully elaborated by Friedrich Engels (in The Origin of the Family 1884 and referring Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Everyone was equal and carried out the same work. With the transition to agriculture, the possibility to make a surplus product, i. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Surplus product (German Mehrprodukt) is a concept explicitly theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of Political economy. e. to produce more than what is necessary to satisfy one's immediate needs, developed in the course of development of the productive forces. Productive forces, "productive powers" or "forces of production" German ''Produktivkräfte'' is a central concept in Marxism and Historical materialism According to Marxism, this also made it possible for a class society to develop, because the surplus product could be used to nourish a ruling class, which did not participate in production. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. The surplus product was stored for a time of distress in special repositories, which then also had to be guarded. Especially during these times the stored products had to be defended against the immediates fears of the population, so that they were not all consumed right away. The people, who did this, could, therefore, also decide if someone was not to be fed. They had to be more powerful than the masses of the population. The ruling class was born - hence the negation of the classless society, or the first negation. In Logic and Mathematics, negation or not is an operation on Logical values for example the logical value of a Proposition There are three societies that followed the classless tribal society. First, there was ancient society, in which the major class distinction was between master and slave. Then, there was feudal society, in which lord and serf played the roles of class war. The last stage of class society, is bourgeois society, or capitalism, in which it has been simplified to owner and worker. According to Marx, there should be a classless society once again at the end of the development, which would negate class society, the negation of the negation, in Hegelian terms.

This society is supposed to be a co-operative union of free producers, who are both owners of the means of production and their own employees. Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 There is no private ownership of the means of production. These are the property of the whole society. Because all decisions are made in a grassroots democratic system, there is no longer a need for a state as an instrument of class rule and it would die off, when it has in fact become superfluous. Grassroots democracy is a tendency towards designing political processes where as much decision-making authority as practical is shifted to the organization's lowest geographic A state is a political association with effective Sovereignty over a geographic Area and representing a Population. Because after the proletarian revolution the economic system would no longer be plagued by rivalry and crises, and production would greatly increase. A proletarian revolution is a social and/or political Revolution in which the Working class attempts to overthrow the Bourgeoisie. Agriculture would also be rationalized, because it would be practiced on larger farms. It would be possible to get rid of all shortages, so that the reasonable needs of all people could be satisfied. Work is no longer alienated, it is an expression of an individual's personality. Wage labour is the socioeconomic relationship between a worker and an employer in which the worker sells their labour under a Contract ( Employment Marx's theory of alienation ( Entfremdung in German) as expressed in the writings of young Karl Marx, refers to the separation of things that naturally

Classlessness

The term classlessness has been used to describe different social phenomena.

Societies in which classes have never developed - These would usually be the kind of societies where all people naturally play similar economic roles — thus they have never created a division of labour; they may or may not include early human groups. Division of labour or specialization is the specialization of cooperative labour in specific circumscribed tasks and roles intended to increase the Productivity The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" According to Marx, these would be societies in a state of primitive communism. Primitive communism is A term usually associated with Karl Marx, but most fully elaborated by Friedrich Engels (in The Origin of the Family 1884 and referring

Societies where classes have been abolished - Such a situation is usually the result of a voluntary decision by the members of a certain society, to abolish that society's class structure. It might be argued that this includes most modern communes, most notably the Paris Commune, the kibbutzim, etc. A commune is an Intentional community of people living together sharing common interests Property, possessions Resources, work and Income The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May A kibbutz ( Hebrew: קיבוץ קִבּוּץ lit "gathering clustering" plural kibbutzim) is a collective community in Furthermore, the abolition of social classes and the establishment of a classless society is the ultimate goal of communism, libertarian socialism and some forms of anarchism. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Libertarian socialism is a group of political philosophies that aim to create a society without political economic or social hierarchies – a society in which all violent Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i

Classlessness has also been used by some political writers to describe the intelligentsia in a society. For the coffee shop company often called Intelligentsia for short see Intelligentsia Coffee & Tea. Such writers argue that the intelligentsia do not feel allegiance to any particular class and are best placed to unbiasedly articulate the needs of society. Critics have argued that the intelligentsia are, more often than not, associated with the upper class.

Classlessness also refers to the state of mind required in order to operate effectively as a social anthropologist. Social anthropology is the branch of Anthropology that studies how currently living human beings behave in social groups Anthropological training includes making assessments of and therefore becoming aware of one's own class assumptions, so that these can be set aside from conclusions reached about other societies. This may be compared to ethnocentric biases or the "neutral axiology" required by Max Weber. Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own Culture. Axiology (from Greek grc ἀξιᾱ axiā, "value worth" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of quality or value Maximilian Carl Emil Weber (maks 'veːbɐ (21 April 1864 &ndash 14 June 1920 was a German political economist and sociologist who was considered Otherwise conclusions reached about studied societies will likely be coloured by the anthropologist's own class values.

References

• This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of October 16, 2006.

See also

• Proletariat, bourgeoisie, upper class, middle class, working class
• Class consciousness, Class conflict, Class warfare
• Class in the contemporary United States
• Stateless communism

Social stratification : Social class v • d • e
Bourgeoisie	Upper class	Ruling class	Nobility	White-collar
Petite bourgeoisie	Upper middle class	Creative class	Gentry	Blue-collar
Proletariat	Middle class	Working class	Nouveau riche/Parvenu	Pink-collar
Lumpenproletariat	Lower middle class	Lower class	Old Money	Gold-collar
Peasant/Serf	Slave class	Underclass		Classlessness
Social class in the United States
Upper class	Middle class	Lower class	Income	Educational attainment

The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Class consciousness, literally is consciousness of one's Social class. Class conflict, also class war or class warfare, is both the friction that accompanies social relationships between members or groups of different Class conflict, also class war or class warfare, is both the friction that accompanies social relationships between members or groups of different There is considerable controversy regarding social class in the United States, and it remains a concept with many competing definitions Stateless Communism is the ideal post-socialist stage of society which Karl Marx predicted would inevitably follow the historical stages of Capitalism In Sociology, social stratification is the hierarchical arrangement of Social classes Castes and strata within a Society. Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Is a concept in Sociology that refers to the group of people at the top of a Social hierarchy. The term ruling class refers to the Social class of a given society that decides upon and sets that society's political policy Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime White-collar worker refers to a salaried professional or an educated Worker who performs semi-professional office administrative and sales coordination tasks as opposed to Petit-bourgeoisie (or petty bourgeois through Folk etymology) is a French term that originally referred to the members of the lower middle social-classes The upper middle class is a sociological concept referring to the Social group constituted by higher-status members of the Middle class. The creative class is a group of people that social scientist Dr Gentry generally refers to people of high Social class, especially in the past The proletariat (from Latin la ''proles'' "offspring" is a term used to identify a lower Social class; a member of such a class is proletarian The middle class, in colloquial usage consists of those who have some economic independence but not a great deal of social Influence or power. Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Nouveau riche ( French for "new rich" or new money, refers to a person who has acquired considerable Wealth within his or her A Parvenu is a person that is a relative newcomer to a socioeconomic class A pink-collar worker works in a job that is considered traditionally female (these traditions generally harking back to the first half of the twentieth century Lumpenproletariat (a German word meaning "raggedy proletariat" is a term first defined by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in In developed nations across the earth the lower middle class, is a sub-division of the greater Middle class which constitutes by far the largest socio-economic class Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types Old Money is a term that refers to the established Upper class. Gold-collar worker (GCW is a Neologism which has been used to describe either young low-wage workers who invest in conspicuous Luxury (often with parental support A peasant is an agricultural worker who subsists by working a small plot of ground As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The contemporary concept of the underclass is a sanitized term for what was known in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries as the undeserving poor and may have been coined by American sociologist There is considerable controversy regarding social class in the United States, and it remains a concept with many competing definitions The American upper class describes the sociological concept pertaining to the "top layer" of society in the United States. The American middle class is an ambiguously defined Social class in the United States. The concept of a lower class in the United States is used to describe those at or near the lower end of the socio-economic hierarchy. Income in the United States is measured by the United States Department of Commerce either by household or individual. The educational attainment of the US population is similar to that of many other industrialized countries with the vast majority of the population having completed secondary education

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