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Clarice Lispector
Born Chaya Lispector
December 10, 1920(1920-12-10)
Chechelnyk, Ukraine
Died December 9, 1977 (aged 56)
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Occupation Writer
Nationality Ukrainian (born)-Brazilian
[[1] Official website]

Clarice Lispector (December 10, 1920 - December 9, 1977) was a Brazilian writer. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Chechelnyk is a town in the Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine (before Russian Revolution in the Podolia Gubernia of Russian Empire Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Acclaimed internationally for her innovative novels and short stories, she was also a journalist and a translator. A legendary figure in Brazil, renowned for her mystical writings, her great personal beauty--the American translator Gregory Rabassa recalled being "flabbergasted to meet that rare person who looked like Marlene Dietrich and wrote like Virginia Woolf,"[1]--and her eccentric personality, she is now considered (with João Guimarães Rosa) one of the two most outstanding Brazilian prose writers of the twentieth century. Gregory Rabassa (born 9 March 1922) is a renowned literary translator from Spanish and Portuguese to English Marlene Dietrich maɐˈleːnə ˈdiːtrɪç (December 27 &ndashMay 6) was a German -born American Actress, Singer and Entertainer (Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941 was an English Novelist and Essayist, regarded as one of the foremost João Guimarães Rosa ( 27 June, 1908 - 19 November, 1967) was a Brazilian Novelist, probably the greatest Brazilian novelist

Born to a Jewish family in Podolia in what is today Ukraine, Clarice Lispector emigrated as an infant, amidst the disasters engulfing her native land following the First World War. The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All She grew up in northeastern Brazil, where her mother died when she was nine. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The family moved to Rio de Janeiro when she was in her teens. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil While in law school in Rio she began publishing her first journalistic work and short stories, catapulting to fame at age 23 with the publication of her first novel, Near to the Wild Heart, written as an interior monologue in a style and language that was considered revolutionary in Brazil.

She left Brazil in 1944, following her marriage to a Brazilian diplomat, and spent the next decade and a half in Europe and the United States. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Upon return to Rio de Janeiro in 1959, she began producing her most famous works, including the stories of Family Ties and the great mystic novel The Passion According to G.H.. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Paixão segundo GH, translated into English as The Passion According to G Wounded in an accident in 1966, she spent the last decade of her life in frequent pain, steadily writing and publishing novels and stories until her premature death in 1977. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays

Though her books were often reputed to be difficult or hermetic during her lifetime, her fame and reputation have not ceased to increase since her death. She is the subject of innumerable books, and references to her and her work are common in Brazilian literature and music. Several of her works have been turned into films. One group of her fans, on the Brazilian social-networking site Orkut, has 174,386 members. orkut is a Social networking service which is run by Google and named after its creator an employee of Google - Orkut Büyükkökten. [2]

Contents

Early life and emigration

The Ukraine

Chaya Lispector was born in Chechelnyk, Podolia, a shtetl in what is today Ukraine. Chechelnyk is a town in the Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine (before Russian Revolution in the Podolia Gubernia of Russian Empire The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, A shtetl (שטעטל diminutive form of Yiddish shtot שטאָט "town" pronounced very similarly to the South German diminutive "Städtle" "little Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. She was the youngest of three daughters of Pinkhas Lispector and Mania Krimgold Lispector. Her family suffered terribly during the pogroms at the time when Ukrainians were committing pogroms against Jews [3] that followed the dissolution of the Russian Empire and the Russian Civil War, circumstances later dramatized by her older sister Elisa Lispector's autobiographical novel No exílio (In Exile, 1948). A pogrom is a form of Riot directed against a particular group whether ethnic religious or other and characterized by destruction of their Homes Businesses The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Elisa Lispector (born Leah Lispector July 24, 1911, at Savran in Podolia – January 6, 1989 Rio de Janeiro) They eventually managed to escape to Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania In Bucharest, they were issued a passport for Brazil, where her mother Mania had relatives. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld They sailed from Hamburg and arrived in Brazil in the early months of 1922, when Chaya was little more than a year old. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

In Northeastern Brazil

The Lispectors changed their names upon arrival. Pinkhas became Pedro; Mania became Marieta; Leah became Elisa, and Chaya became Clarice. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, also called ELISA, Enzyme ImmunoAssay or EIA, is a biochemical technique used mainly in Immunology Only the middle daughter, Tania, (April 19, 1915 - November 15, 2007), kept her name. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. They first settled in the small northeastern city of Maceió, Alagoas. Maceió ( Mah-say-oh) is the capital and the largest city of the Coastal state Alagoas, Brazil. Alagoas (AL (alaˈgoajs is a small state in northeastern Brazil lying between the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe; touching the state After three years, during which Marieta's health deteriorated rapidly, they moved to the larger city of Recife, Pernambuco, settling in the Jewish neighborhood of Boa Vista. Recife ( heˈsifi is the fifth largest Metropolitan area in Brazil and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. Pernambuco (pɛxnɐ̃ˈbuku is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country

In Recife, where her father continued to struggle economically, her mother finally died on September 21, 1930, at age forty-two. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Clarice was nine years old. She attended the Colégio Hebreo-Idisch-Brasileiro, which taught Hebrew and Yiddish in addition to the usual subjects. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High In 1932, she gained admission to the Ginásio Pernambucano, then the most prestigious secondary school in the state. A year later, she "consciously claimed the desire to write,"[4], under much influence from Hermann Hesse's Steppenwolf. Hermann Hesse (ˈhɛʀman ˈhɛsə ( 2 July, 1877 — 9 August, 1962) was a German - Swiss poet novelist and painter

In Rio de Janeiro

In 1935, Pedro Lispector decided to move with his daughters to the then-capital, Rio de Janeiro, where he hoped to find more economic opportunity. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil The family lived in the neighborhood of São Cristóvão, north of downtown Rio, before moving to Tijuca. São Cristóvão is a Brazilian city in the northeastern state of Sergipe. For the Bird Genus, see Tijuca (bird. Tijuca (meaning Marsh or Swamp in Old Tupi) is In 1937, she entered the Law Faculty of the University of Brazil, then the most prestigious institution of higher learning in the country. Her first known story, "Triunfo," was published in the magazine Pan on May 25, 1940. [5] Soon afterwards, on August 26, 1940, as a result of a botched gall-bladder operation, her beloved father died, age 55. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

While still in law school, Clarice began working as a journalist, first at the official government press service the Agência Nacional and then at the important newspaper A Noite. There she came into contact with the younger generation of Brazilian writers, including Lúcio Cardoso, with whom she fell in love. Joaquim Lúcio Cardoso Filho, known as Lúcio Cardoso ( Curvelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, August 14, 1913 - Rio de Janeiro, Cardoso was homosexual, however, and she soon began seeing a law school colleague named Maury Gurgel Valente, who had entered the Brazilian Foreign Service, known as Itamaraty. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. In order to marry a diplomat, she had to be naturalized, which she did as soon as she came of age. On January 12, 1943, she was granted Brazilian citizenship. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Eleven days later she married Maury.

Near to the Wild Heart

In December 1943, she published her first novel, Perto do coração selvagem (Near to the Wild Heart). Events in December Union Day of Romania (1 December World AIDS Day ( December 1) National Day of Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The novel, which tells of the inner life of a young woman named Joana, caused a sensation. In October 1944, the book won the prestigious Graça Aranha Prize for the best debut novel of 1943. One critic, the poet Lêdo Ivo, called it "the greatest novel a woman has ever written in the Portuguese language. ”[6] Another wrote that Clarice had “shifted the center of gravity around which the Brazilian novel had been revolving for about twenty years. ”[7] “Clarice Lispector’s work appears in our literary world as the most serious attempt at the introspective novel,” wrote the São Paulo critic Sérgio Milliet. “For the first time, a Brazilian author goes beyond simple approximation in this almost virgin field of our literature; for the first time, an author penetrates the depths of the psychological complexity of the modern soul. ”[8]

When the novel was published, many claimed that her stream-of-consciousness writing style was heavily influenced by Virginia Woolf or James Joyce, but she had read neither of these authors. (Adeline Virginia Woolf (née Stephen; 25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941 was an English Novelist and Essayist, regarded as one of the foremost James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the The title, and the epigraph from Joyce, were suggested by Lúcio Cardoso. Joaquim Lúcio Cardoso Filho, known as Lúcio Cardoso ( Curvelo, Minas Gerais, Brazil, August 14, 1913 - Rio de Janeiro, This novel, like all of her subsequent works, was marked by an intense focus on interior emotional states.

Belém do Pará

Shortly afterwards, Clarice and Maury left Rio for the northern city of Belém do Pará, at the mouth of the Amazon. Belém is city of Amazonia, in the northern part of Brazil. It is the capital of the state of Pará. The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers There, Maury served as a liaison between the Foreign Ministry and the international visitors who were using northern Brazil as a military base in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Europe and the United States

Naples

On July 29, 1944, Clarice left Brazil for the first time since she had arrived as a child, destined for Naples, where Maury was posted to the Brazilian Consulate. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the [9] Naples was the staging ground for the Brazilian troops of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force who were fighting on the Allied side against the Nazis. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the The Brazilian Expeditionary Force or BEF ( Portuguese: Força Expedicionária Brasileira, or FEB) was the 25300-man force formed by In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German She worked at the hospital in Naples taking care of wounded Brazilian troops. In Rome, she met the Italian poet Giuseppe Ungaretti, who translated parts of Near to the Wild Heart, and had her portrait painted by Giorgio de Chirico. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Giuseppe Ungaretti ( February 8, 1888 &ndash June 2, 1970) was an Italian modernist poet journalist essayist critic Giorgio de Chirico ( July 10, 1888 &ndash November 20, 1978) was an influential pre-Surrealist and then Surrealist

In Naples she completed her second novel, O Lustre (The Chandelier, 1946), which like the first focused on the interior life of a girl, this time one named Virgínia. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This longer and more difficult book also met with an enthusiastic critical reception, though its impact was less sensational than Near to the Wild Heart. “Possessed of an enormous talent and a rare personality, she will have to suffer, fatally, the disadvantages of both, since she so amply enjoys their benefits,” wrote Gilda de Souza e Mello. [10]

Berne

After a short visit to Brazil in 1946, Clarice and Maury returned to Europe in April 1946, where Maury was posted to the embassy in Berne, Switzerland. The city of Berne or Bern (, Berne, Berna, Romansh: Berna, Bernese German: Bärn) is the Bundesstadt ( Federal Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation This was a time of considerable boredom and frustration for Lispector, who was often depressed. “This Switzerland,” she wrote her sister Tania, “is a cemetery of sensations. ”[11] Her son Pedro Gurgel Valente was born in Berne on September 10, 1948, and in the city she wrote her third novel, A cidade sitiada (The Besieged City, 1946). The city of Berne or Bern (, Berne, Berna, Romansh: Berna, Bernese German: Bärn) is the Bundesstadt ( Federal Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

In Switzerland, in Berne, I lived on the Gerechtigkeitsgasse, that is, Justice Street. In front of my house, in the street, was the colored statue, holding the scales. Around, crushed kings begging perhaps for a pardon. In the winter, the little lake in the middle of which the statue stood, in the winter the freezing water, sometimes brittle with a thin layer of ice. In the spring red geraniums … And the still-medieval street: I lived in the old part of the city. What saved me from the monotony of Berne was living in the Middle Ages, it was waiting for the snow to pass and for the red geraniums to be reflected once again in the water, it was having a son born there, it was writing one of my least liked books, The Besieged City, which, however, people come to like when they read it a second time; my gratitude to that book is enormous: the effort of writing it kept me busy, saved me from the appalling silence of Berne, and when I finished the last chapter I went to the hospital to give birth to the boy. [12]

The Besieged City

The book Lispector wrote in Berne, The Besieged City, tells the story of Lucrécia Neves, and the growth of her town, São Geraldo, from a little settlement to a large city. The book, which is full of metaphors of vision and seeing, met with a tepid reception and was “perhaps the least loved of Clarice Lispector’s novels,” according to a close friend of Lispector's. [13] Sérgio Milliet concluded that “the author succumbs beneath the weight of her own richness. ”[14] And the Portuguese critic João Gaspar Simões wrote: “Its hermeticism has the texture of the hermeticism of dreams. May someone find the key. ”[15]

Torquay

After leaving Switzerland in 1949 and spending almost a year in Rio, Clarice and Maury Gurgel Valente traveled to Torquay, Devon, where Maury was a delegate to the on GATT. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Torquay (tɔrˈkiː is a town in the Unitary authority of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name The 'General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade' (typically abbreviated 'GATT' was the outcome of the failure of negotiating governments to create the International Trade Organization (ITO They remained in England from September, 1950, until March, 1951. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Lispector liked England, though she suffered a miscarriage on a visit to London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. [16]

Some Stories

In 1952, back in Rio, where the family would stay about a year, Lispector published a short volume of six stories called Alguns contos (Some Stories) in a small edition sponsored by the Ministry of Education and Health. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These stories formed the core of the later Laços de família (Family Ties), 1961. She also worked under the pseudonym Teresa Quadros as a women's columnist at the short-lived newspaper Comício.

Washington

In September, 1952, the family moved to Washington, where they would live until June 1959. Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. They bought a house at 4421 Ridge Street in the suburb of Chevy Chase, Maryland. Cornelius Crane “Chevy” Chase (born October 8 1943 is an American Emmy Award-winning Comedian, Writer, and television and film On February 10, 1953, her second son Paulo was born. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. She grew close to the Brazilian writer Érico Veríssimo, then working for the Organization of American States, and his wife Mafalda, as well as to the wife of the ambassador, Alzira Vargas do Amaral Peixoto, daughter of the former Brazilian dictator Getúlio Vargas. Érico Veríssimo ( December 17, 1905 - November 28, 1975) is an important Brazilian writer who was born in Rio Grande do The Organization of American States ( OAS, or as it is known in the three other official languages OEA) is an International organization, headquartered Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (ʒeˈtulju doɾˈnɛlis vaɾgɐs April 19, 1882 – August 24, 1954) served as president of She also began publishing her stories in the new magazine Senhor, back in Rio. Senhor (abbreviation Sr; plural Senhores, abbreviation Srs) from the Latin Senior (comparative of Senex But she was increasingly discontented with the diplomatic milieu. “I hated it, but I did what I had to […] I gave dinner parties, I did everything you’re supposed to do, but with a disgust …”[17] She increasingly missed her sisters and Brazil, and in June, 1959, she left her husband and returned with her sons to Rio de Janeiro, where she would spend the rest of her life. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil

Final Years in Rio de Janeiro

Family Ties

In Brazil, Lispector struggled financially and tried to find a publisher for the novel she had completed in Washington several years before, as well as for her book of stories, Laços de família. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. This book incorporated the six stories of Some Stories along with seven new stories, some of which had been published in Senhor. It was published in 1960. The book, her friend Fernando Sabino wrote her, was “exactly, sincerely, indisputably, and even humbly, the best book of stories ever published in Brazil. Fernando Sabino ( October 12 1923 - October 11 2004) was a Brazilian writer and journalist ”[18] And Érico Veríssimo said: “I haven’t written about your book of stories out of sheer embarrassment to tell you what I think of it. Érico Veríssimo ( December 17, 1905 - November 28, 1975) is an important Brazilian writer who was born in Rio Grande do Here goes: the most important story collection published in this country since Machado de Assis,” Brazil’s classic novelist. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis, pron. ʒoa'kĩ ma'riɐ ma'ʃadu dʒi a'sis often known as Machado de Assis, Machado, or Bruxo do Cosme Velho [19]

The Apple in the Dark

A Maçã no escuro (The Apple in the Dark), which she had begun in Torquay, had been ready since 1956 but was repeatedly rejected by publishers, to Lispector's despair. Torquay (tɔrˈkiː is a town in the Unitary authority of Torbay and ceremonial county of Devon, England. Her longest novel and perhaps her most complex, it was finally published in 1961 by the same house that had published Family Ties, the Livraria Francisco Alves in São Paulo. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world Driven by interior dialogue rather than by plot, its purported subject is a man called Martim, who believes he has killed his wife and flees deep into the Brazilian interior, where he finds work as a farm laborer. The real concerns of the highly allegorical novel are language and creation. In 1962, the work was awarded the Carmen Dolores Barbosa Pize for the best novel of the previous year. Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Around this time she began a relationship with the poet Paulo Mendes Campos, an old friend. Paulo Mendes Campos ( February 28, 1922 Belo Horizonte Brazil - July 1 1991 Rio de Janeiro) was a Mendes Campos was married and the relationship did not endure.

The Passion According to G. H. and The Foreign Legion

In 1964, she published one of her most shocking and famous books, A paixão segundo G.H., about a woman who, in the maid's room of her comfortable Rio penthouse, endures a mystical experience that leads to her eating part of a cockroach. A Paixão segundo GH, translated into English as The Passion According to G In the same year, she published another book of stories and miscellany, The Foreign Legion.

On September 14, 1966, she suffered a terrible accident in her apartment. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. After taking a sleeping pill, she fell asleep in her bed with a lit cigarette. She was badly wounded and her right hand almost had to be amputated.

The fire I suffered a while back partially destroyed my right hand. My legs were marked forever. What happened was very sad and I prefer not to think about it. All I can say is that I spent three days in hell, where--so they say--bad people go after death. I don't consider myself bad and I experienced it while still alive. [20]

The next year, she published her first children's book, O Mistério do coelho pensante, (The Mystery of the Thinking Rabbit, 1967), a translation of a book she had written in Washington, in English, for her son Paulo. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States In August, 1967, she began writing a weekly column ("crônica") for the Jornal do Brasil, an important Rio newspaper, which greatly expanded her fame beyond the intellectual and artistic circles that had long admired her. Other names In Arabic, the month is called أغسطسص ʾUġusṭuṣ or آب ʾĀb; usage varies from place to place and Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. Jornal do Brasil, widely known as JB, is a daily Newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These pieces were later collected in the postumous work A Descoberta do mundo (The Discovery of the World, 1984). Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar)

The Woman Who Killed the Fish and An Apprenticeship or The Book of Pleasures

In 1968, Lispector participated in the political demonstrations against Brazil's hardening military dictatorship, and also published two books: her second work for children, A Mulher que matou os peixes (The Woman Who Killed the Fish), in which the narrator, Clarice, confesses to having forgotten to feed her son's fish; and her first novel since G. H. , Uma Aprendizagem ou O Livro dos Prazeres, a love story between a primary teacher, Lóri, and a philosophy teacher, Ulisses. The book drew on her writings in her newspaper columns. She also intensified her journalistic activity, conducting interviews for the glossy magazine Manchete.

Covert Joy and Água viva

In 1971, Lispector published another book of stories, Felicidade clandestina, (Covert Joy), several of which hearkened back to memories of her childhood in Recife. Recife ( heˈsifi is the fifth largest Metropolitan area in Brazil and the capital of the state of Pernambuco. She began working on the book that many would consider her finest, Água viva, though she struggled to complete it. Olga Borelli, a former nun who entered her life around this time and became her faithful assistant and friend, recalled:

She was insecure and asked a few people for their opinion. With other books Clarice didn’t show that insecurity. With Água viva she did. That was the only time I saw Clarice hesitate before handing in a book to the publisher. She herself said that. [21]

When the book came out in 1973, it was instantly acclaimed as a masterpiece. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. “With this fiction,” one critic wrote, “Clarice Lispector awakens the literature currently being produced in Brazil from a depressing and degrading lethargy and elevates it to a level of universal perennity and perfection. ”[22]

Where Were You at Night and The Via-Crucis of the Body

In 1974, Lispector published two books of stories, Onde estivestes de noite (Where Were You at Night)-which focuses in part on the lives of aging women-and A Via Crucis do corpo (The Via-Crucis of the Body). Though her previous books had often taken her years to complete, the latter was written in three days, after a challenge from her publisher, Álvaro Pacheco, to write three stories about themes relating to sex. Part of the reason she wrote so much may have had to do with her having been unexpectedly fired from the Jornal do Brasil at the end of 1973, which put her under increasing financial pressure. Jornal do Brasil, widely known as JB, is a daily Newspaper published by Editora JB in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. She began to paint and intensified her activity as a translator, publishing translations of Agatha Christie, Oscar Wilde, and Edgar Allan Poe. Agatha Mary Clarissa Lady Mallowan, DBE (née Miller; 15 September 1890 &ndash 12 January 1976 commonly known as Agatha Christie, was an English Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900 was an Irish Playwright, Novelist, poet and Author of Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, And in 1975 she was invited to the First World Congress of Sorcery in Bogotá, an event which garnered wide press coverage and increased her notoriety. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Bogotá —officially named Bogotá DC (DC for " Distrito Capital " which means "Capital District" formerly called Santa Fe de Bogotá At the conference, her story "The Egg and the Hen", first published in The Foreign Legion, was read in English.

“The Egg and the Hen” is mysterious and does indeed have a bit of occultism. It is a difficult and profound story. That is why I think the audience, very mixed, would have been happier if I had pulled a rabbit out of my hat. Or fallen into a trance. Listen, I never did anything like that in my life. My inspiration does not come from the supernatural, but from unconscious elaboration, which comes to the surface as a kind of revelation. Moreover, I don’t write in order to gratify anybody else. [23]

A Breath of Life and The Hour of the Star

Lispector worked on a book called Um sopro de vida: pulsações (A Breath of Life: Pulsations) that would be published posthumously in the mid-1970s. The book consists of a dialogue between an "Author" and his creation, Angela Pralini, a character whose name was borrowed from a character in a story in Where Were You at Night. She used this fragmentary form for her final and perhaps most famous novel, A Hora da estrela (The Hour of the Star, 1977), piecing the story together, with the help of Olga Borelli, from notes scrawled on loose bits of paper. The Hour of the Star tells the story of Macabéa, one of the iconic characters in Brazilian literature, a starving, poor typist from Alagoas, the state where Lispector's family first arrived, lost in the metropolis of Rio de Janeiro. Alagoas (AL (alaˈgoajs is a small state in northeastern Brazil lying between the states of Pernambuco and Sergipe; touching the state Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Macabéa's name refers to the Maccabees, and is one of the very few overtly Jewish references in Lispector's work. The Maccabees ( Hebrew: מכבים or מקבים, Makabim or Maqabim; Greek Μακκαβαῖοι, /makav'εï/ were Its explicit focus on Brazilian poverty and marginality was also new.

Shortly after The Hour of the Star was published, Lispector was admitted to the hospital. She had inoperable ovarian cancer, though she was not told the diagnosis. She died on the eve of her 57th birthday and was buried on December 11, 1977, at the Jewish Cemetery of Cajú, Rio de Janeiro. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil

Bibliography

Novels

Stories

Children's Literature

Journalism and Other Shorter Writings

Correspondence

References

  1. ^ Salamon, J. (March 11, 2005). An Enigmatic Author Who Can Be Addictive. New York: New York Times.  
  2. ^ www. orkut. com. Accessed on June 2, 2008.
  3. ^ Magoscy, R. (1996). A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.  
  4. ^ Lispector, Clarice. “Escrever. ” In: Descoberta do mundo, 304.
  5. ^ Gotlib, Nádia Battella. Clarice Fotobiografia, São Paulo, Edusp, 2007, p. 123.
  6. ^ Instituto Moreira Salles, Clarice Lispector: Cadernos de Literatura Brasileira, 49.
  7. ^ Jorge de Lima, “Romances de Mulher,” Gazeta de Notícias, November 1, 1944.
  8. ^ Sérgio Milliet, Diário Crítico, Vol. 2.
  9. ^ Gotlib, 172.
  10. ^ Gilda de Mello e Souza, "O lustre," Estado de S. Paulo, July 14, 1946. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  11. ^ Olga Borelli, Clarice Lispector: esboço para um possível retrato, 114
  12. ^ Lispector, “Lembrança de uma fonte, de uma cidade. ” In: Descoberta, 286.
  13. ^ Marly de Oliveira quoted in Regina Pontieri, Clarice Lispector, Uma poética do olhar, 37.
  14. ^ Sérgio Milliet, Diário Crítico, Vol. VII, pp. 33-34
  15. ^ João Gaspar Simões, "Clarice Lispector ‘Existencialista’ ou ‘Supra-realista'," Diário Carioca, May 28, 1950.
  16. ^ Edilberto Coutinho, Criaturas de papel, 170
  17. ^ Lispector, Outros escritos, p. 161
  18. ^ Fernando Sabino and Clarice Lispector, Cartas perto do coração, p. 124
  19. ^ Lispector, Correspondências, Érico Veríssimo to Lispector, September 3, 1961. Érico Veríssimo ( December 17, 1905 - November 28, 1975) is an important Brazilian writer who was born in Rio Grande do
  20. ^ Gotlib, p. 368
  21. ^ Franco Júnior, Arnaldo. "Clarice, segundo Olga Borelli. " Minas Gerais Suplemento Literário, December 19, 1987, 8-9.
  22. ^ Ribeiro, Leo Gilson. "Auto-inspeção. " Veja, September 19, 1973.
  23. ^ Isa Cambará, "Clarice Lispector--Não escrevo para agradar a ninguém," Folha de S. Paulo, September 10, 1975.

Further reading

External links

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