Clarence Willard Avery (February 15, 1882 - May 13, 1949) was a driving force behind Ford Motor Company's moving assembly line, and was president and chairman of auto-body supplier Murray Corporation. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following An assembly line is a Manufacturing process in which parts (usually Interchangeable parts) are added to a product in a sequential manner using optimally planned
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Early life
Clarence Avery was born in Dansville, Michigan in 1882. Dansville is a village in Ingham Township, Ingham County in the U [1] After graduating from high school, he continued his education at Ferris Institute (now Ferris State University) and then at the University of Michigan, completing a two-year course in manual training (the precursor to today's vocational education). Ferris State University has a main campus in Big Rapids Michigan, in Mecosta County and a secondary campus in Grand Rapids Michigan, and smaller programs The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research Vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET also called Career and Technical Education (CTE prepares learners for jobs that are based He taught at a rural school for a year, and then, in 1902, became the head of manual training in the Battle Creek public schools. [1]
While in Battle Creek, Avery married Lura Warner. [1] The couple eventually had two daughters, Eloise and Anabel. [1] The next year, Avery accepted the post of principal at the Michigan Manual Training School in Ishpeming, Michigan. Ishpeming (pron ˈɪʃpəˌmiŋ is a city in Marquette County in the Upper Peninsula of the U [1] He spent three years in Ishpeming, then, in 1907, moved to Detroit to become head of manual training at Detroit University School.
Ford Motor Company
In Detroit, one of Avery's pupils was a teenaged Edsel Ford; the young Ford was taken with Avery's mechanical ingenuity. Edsel Bryant Ford ( November 6, 1893 &ndash May 26, 1943) son of Henry Ford, was born in Detroit. In 1912, Avery casually mentioned to Edsel his desire to enter the automobile business. [1] Edsel introduced Avery to his father, Henry Ford. Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 &ndash April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of The elder Ford immediately hired Avery as Charles E. Sorensen's assistant at his Highland Park plant. Charles Emil Sorensen ( 7 September 1881 - 11 August 1968) was a Danish-American principal of the Ford Motor Company during its first Highland Park is a city in Wayne County in the US state of Michigan. [1] Sorenson put Avery through an extensive eight-month training course, where he worked in every phase of production at the plant, learning the system. [2]
With that experience, Avery's first large project was the establishment of a moving assembly line at the plant. [1] The assembly line project was worked on by a number of Ford's top men, including C. Harold Wills, Peter E. Martin, and Charles Ebender in addition to Avery and Sorenson. Childe Harold Wills (June 1 1878 - December 30 1940 also known as C Peter Edmund (Ed Martin (born Wallaceburg Ontario 1888 died Detroit Michigan, 1944 was a leading early production executive of the Ford Motor Company Although credit for the moving assembly line can't be pinned to one individual, those who took part acknowledged Avery as the guiding light of the project, and he became Ford's time study expert. By the end of 1913, the project had reduced assembly time for a Model T from 12. The Ford Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and also the Flivver) was an Automobile produced by Henry Ford 's Ford 5 man-hours down to 2. 7 man-hours. Later improvements reduced that time to only 1. 5 man-hours. [1]
Avery soon had a reputation for himself as a problem-solver,[3] and was eventually promoted to Ford's chief development engineer. [1] He continued work on Ford's assembly line, desiging operations for sub-assemblies leading into the final assembly. In 1918, Ford assigned Avery to the task of increasing the clarity of automotive glass. Avery experimented with a novel procedure of pouring molten glass onto a moving table, and by 1921 Ford had a system in place. [1] In 1920, Avery was put in charge of Ford's iron and lumber operations in northern Michigan. [1]
In 1922, Ford purchased Lincoln, and Avery worked closely with Edsel Ford to Fordize the Lincoln design and manufacture. Lincoln is an American Luxury car manufacturer operated under the Ford Motor Company. Fordism, named after Henry Ford, refers to various social theories. [1] This cooperation continued until 1927. In 1927, main Ford operations were transferred to the Rouge plant. Top Ford management, headed by Sorensen, was not receptive to Avery, and he decided to leave Ford. [1]
Murray Corporation
In January 1927, the financially struggling Murray Auto Body was re-organized into the Murray Corporation of America. Anticipating a potentially large contract from Ford, who was then retooling for the Model A, then-president William R. See also Ford Model A (1903 The Ford Model A (1927 - 1931 was the second huge success for the Ford Motor Company, after its predecessor Wilson recruited Avery as chief engineer. [4] Sensing opportunity, Avery resigned from Ford to join Murray. Within a year, Avery was president of the firm and chairman of the board of directors.
Avery steered Murray for the rest of his life. The company supplied Ford with quasi-custom bodies for the Model A, as well as custom bodies for Lincoln cars. Lincoln is an American Luxury car manufacturer operated under the Ford Motor Company. In addition, Murray built bodies for other manufactureres such as Chrysler, Hupmobile, Reo, Dodge, Peerless, Packard, Hudson, and Essex. Chrysler LLC is an American Automobile manufacturer that has been producing Automobiles since 1925 The Hupmobile was an Automobile built from 1909 through 1940 by the Hupp Motor Company of Detroit, Michigan, which was located at 345 Bellevue This article is about The REO Motor Car Company for other uses see REO (disambiguation. Dodge is a United States -based brand of Automobiles Sport utility vehicles and Trucks manufactured and marketed by Chrysler LLC Peerless was a United States automobile produced by the Peerless Motor Company of Cleveland Ohio. Packard was an American luxury Automobile marque built by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit Michigan, and later by the Studebaker-Packard Corporation The Hudson Motor Car Company made Hudson and other brand Automobiles in Detroit Michigan, from 1909 to 1954 The Essex was a brand of automobile produced by the Essex Motor Company from 1918 -1922 and Hudson Motor Company of Detroit Michigan between 1922 and 1932 [4] The company struggled during the Great Depression, losing money in the years 1931-1934. However, Ford, with an eye to keeping one of its major suppliers afloat, helped the company out with larger contracts and allowed Murray to use some Ford-owned dies. As a result, Murray posted a profit in 1935, and kept in business throughout the Depression. [4]
At the beginning of WWII, Murray was well-positioned to fulfill military contracts. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Avery steered the company into the production of airplane wings and other components. The company's workforce was increased to over 13,000 workers, and Murray produced parts for the B-17 and B-29 bombers, the A-20 light bomber, and the P-47 fighter/bomber. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [4] Towards the end of the war, Avery started a project to solicit business from Ford and Kaiser-Frazer, to develop Murray's post-war business. The Kaiser-Frazer Corporation was the result of a partnership between autombile executive Joseph W [4]
In 1944, the University of Michigan presented Avery with an honorary Doctor of Engineering degree. In 1948, Avery gave up his position as president of Murry, but continued as Chairman. On May 13, 1949, Avery suffered a heart attack and died at home. [1] In 1990, he was inducted into the Automotive Hall of Fame for his contributions to the moving assembly line. The Automotive Hall of Fame is a hall of fame for notable figures in the development of the Automobile industry [3]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Henry's Lieutenants, Ford R. Bryan, Wayne State University Press, ISBN 0814332137, pp. 15-20.
- ^ My Forty Years With Ford, Charles E. Sorensen, Wayne State University Press, 2006, ISBN 081433279X, p. 130.
- ^ a b Automotive Hall of Fame
- ^ a b c d e Murray Corporation history from Coachbuilt.
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