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Clara Barton

Born December 25, 1821(1821-12-25)
Oxford, Massachusetts
Died April 12, 1912 (aged 90)
Glen Echo, Maryland
Nationality United States Of America
Occupation Teacher, Nurse, Humanitarian
Spouse none

Clarissa Harlowe Barton (December 25, 1821 – April 12, 1912) was a pioneer American teacher, nurse, and humanitarian. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Oxford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Glen Echo is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, that was chartered in 1904 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting In Education, a teacher is one who helps Students or pupils often in a School, as well as in a Family, religious or A nurse is responsible—along with other Health care Professionals —for the treatment safety and recovery of acutely or chronically Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans She has been described as having a "strong and independent spirit" and is best remembered for organizing the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside

Contents

Youth, education, family nursing

Clarissa Harlowe Barton was born on Christmas day, 1821, in Oxford, Massachusetts, to Stephen and Sarah Barton. Oxford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. She was the youngest of five children. Barton's father and mother were abolitionists. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies Clara's father was a farmer and horse breeder, while her mother Sarah managed the household. The two later helped found the first Universalist Church in Oxford. The Universalist Church of America was a Christian Universalist religious denomination in the United States (plus affiliated Churches in other parts of the world

As a child, Clara was shy. She had two brothers, Stephen and David, and two sisters, Dorothy/Dolly and Sally, who were at least ten years older than she. Young Clara was educated at home and extremely bright. It is said that her siblings were kept busy answering her many questions, and each taught her complementary skills, her older sisters being teachers. Her brothers were happy to teach her how to ride horses and do other things that, at the time, were thought appropriate only for men.

When Clara was eleven, her brother David became her first patient after he fell from a rafter in their unfinished barn. Clara stayed by his side for two years and learned to administer all his medicines, including the "great, loathsome crawling leeches". Leeches are Annelids comprising the Subclass Hirudinea. There are freshwater terrestrial and marine leeches

As she continued to develop an interest in nursing, Clara may have drawn inspiration from stories of her great-aunt, Martha Ballard, who served the town of Hallowell (later Augusta), Maine, as a midwife for over three decades. Martha Moore Ballard (1734/1735 - 1812 was an American Midwife, healer and diarist Midwifery is a Health care profession where providers give Prenatal care to expecting Mothers attend the birth of the Infant Ballard helped deliver nearly one thousand infants between 1777 and 1812, and in many cases administered medical care in much the same way as a formally trained doctor of her era. [1]

On his death bed, Clara's father gave her advice that she would later recall:

"As a patriot, he had me serve my country with all I had, even with my life if need be; as the daughter of an accepted Mason, he had me seek and comfort the afflicted everywhere, and as a Christian he charged me to honor God and love mankind. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth "

American Civil War

Clara Barton circa 1866.
Clara Barton circa 1866.

In April 1862, after the First Battle of Bull Run, Barton established an agency to obtain and distribute supplies to wounded soldiers. Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. She was given a pass by General William Hammond to ride in army ambulances to provide comfort to the soldiers and nurse them back to health and lobbied the U.S. Army bureaucracy, at first without success, to bring her own medical supplies to the battlefields. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Finally, in July 1862, she obtained permission to travel behind the lines, eventually reaching some of the grimmest battlefields of the war and serving during the sieges of Petersburg, Virginia and Richmond, Virginia. Petersburg is an Independent city in Virginia, United States located on the Appomattox River. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. In 1864 she was appointed by Union general Benjamin Butler as the "lady in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the James. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Benjamin Franklin Butler (November 5 1818 January 11 1893 was an American Lawyer and Politician who represented Massachusetts in the United States The Army of the James was a Union Army that was composed of units from the Department of Virginia and North Carolina and served along the James River during the final

In 1865, President Abraham Lincoln placed Barton in charge of the search for the missing men of the Union army. While engaged in this work she traced the fate of 30,000 men. When the war ended, she was sent to Andersonville, Georgia, to set up and mark the graves of Union soldiers. Andersonville is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. Her work in Andersonville is displayed in the book, Numbering All the Bones, by Ann Rinaldi. This experience launched her on a nationwide campaign to identify all soldiers missing during the Civil War. She published lists of names in newspapers and exchanged letters with soldiers' families.

Barton then achieved widespread recognition by delivering lectures around the country about her war experiences. She met Susan B. Anthony and began a long association with the suffrage movement. Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15, 1820 &ndash March 13, 1906) was a prominent American Civil rights leader who played Suffrage (from the Latin suffragium, meaning "voting tablet" and figuratively "right to vote" probably from suffrago "hough" and originally She also became acquainted with Frederick Douglass and became an activist for black civil rights, or an abolitionist. Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14 1818 February 20 1895 was an American abolitionist, editor, Orator Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies

Barton sees the International Committee of the Red Cross in action

The years of toil during the Civil War and her dedicated work searching for missing soldiers debilitated Barton's health. In 1869, her doctors recommended a restful trip to Europe. In 1870, while she was overseas, she became involved with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and its humanitarian work during the Franco-Prussian War. "ICRC" redirects here For other uses see ICRC (disambiguation. The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 Created in 1864, the ICRC had been chartered to provide humane services to all victims of war under a flag of neutrality. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Organizing the American Red Cross

When Clara Barton returned to the United States, she inaugurated a movement to gain recognition for the International Committee of the Red Cross by the United States government. When she began work on this project in 1873, most Americans thought the U. S. would never again face a calamity like the Civil War, but Barton finally succeeded during the administration of President James Garfield, using the argument that the new American Red Cross could respond to crises other than war. James Abram Garfield (November 19 1831 September 19 1881 was the twentieth President of the United States. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside As Barton expanded the original concept of the Red Cross to include assisting in any great national disaster, this service brought the United States the "Good Samaritan of Nations" label.

Barton naturally became President of the American branch of the society, which was founded on May 21, 1881. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common John D. Rockefeller donated funds to create a national headquarters in Washington, DC, located one block from the White House. John Davison Rockefeller ( July 8, 1839 &ndash May 23, 1937) was an American Industrialist and philanthropist

Barton at first dedicated the American Red Cross to performing disaster relief, such as after the 1893 Sea Islands Hurricane. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside On August 27, 1893 a major Hurricane which came to be known as the Sea Islands Hurricane struck the United States near Savannah This changed with the advent of the Spanish-American War during which it aided refugees and prisoners of war. Barton herself worked in hospitals in Cuba in 1898 at the age of seventy-seven. [2] As criticism arose of her management of the American Red Cross, plus her advancing age, Barton resigned as president in 1904, at the age of 83.

Religious beliefs

Various authorities have called Barton a “Deist-Unitarian. ” However, her actual beliefs varied throughout her life along a spectrum between freethought and deism. Freethought is a philosophical viewpoint that holds that Beliefs should be formed on the basis of Science and Logic and should not be influenced Deism is the belief that a supreme God exists and created the physical universe and that religious truths can be arrived at by the application of reason alone without dependence on revelation In a 1905 letter to her friend, Norman Thrasher, she called herself a “Universalist. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Universalism can be classified as a Religion, Theology and Philosophy that generally holds all persons and creatures are related to God or the Divine and ”

Clara Barton Birthplace Museum

Clara Barton Birthplace Museum[3] in North Oxford, Massachusetts is operated as part of the Barton Center for Diabetes Education,[4] a humanitarian project established in her honor to educate and support children with diabetes and their families. Oxford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. The Barton Center for Diabetes Education is an independent organization located in North Oxford Massachusetts, dedicated to the education of children living with diabetes Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc

Clara Barton National Historic Site

 
 

In 1975, Clara Barton National Historic Site was established as a unit of the National Park Service at Barton's Glen Echo, Maryland home, where she spent the last 15 years of her life. The Clara Barton National Historic Site, which includes the Clara Barton House, was established in 1974 to interpret the life of Clara Barton (1821–1912 an The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Glen Echo is a town in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States, that was chartered in 1904 The first National Historic Site dedicated to the accomplishments of a woman, it preserves the early history of the American Red Cross, since the home also served as an early headquarters of the organization. A National Historical Park, National Historic Park, and National Historic Site are designations for Protected areas of national

The National Park Service has restored eleven rooms, including the Red Cross offices, the parlors and Barton's bedroom. Visitors to Clara Barton National Historic Site can gain a sense of how Barton lived and worked. Guides lead tourists through the three levels, emphasizing Barton's use of her unusual home. Modern visitors can come to appreciate the site in the same way visitors did in Clara Barton's lifetime. [5]

See also

Places named for Clara Barton

Notes

  1. ^ Ulrich, Laurel Thatcher. Barton County (county code BT) is a county located in Central Kansas, in the Central United States. See also: Bordentown Township New Jersey Bordentown City is in Burlington County, New Jersey, United Fairfax Station is an Unincorporated community in Fairfax County, Virginia. See also Iowa State University This is a list of notable buildings and landmarks at Iowa State University as well as persons associated with such structures Oxford is a town in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States. Edison Township (usually known as Edison) is a township in Middlesex County New Jersey, United States. The George Washington Memorial Parkway known to local motorists simply as the "G The New Jersey Turnpike (or simply The Turnpike as it is known to New Jersey residents is a Toll road in New Jersey and is one of the most heavily traveled Clara Barton High School is a public high school in Brooklyn, New York, that teaches from 9th grade to 12th grade Barton crater is a 54-km (32-mi diameter crater on Venus. It is the size at which craters on Venus begin to possess peak-rings instead of a single central peak The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University A Midwife's Tale: the Life of Martha Ballard, Based on Her Diary, 1785-1812. 1990.
  2. ^ Oates, Stephen B. (1994). A Woman of Valor. Macmillan, 382.  
  3. ^ Welcome. Clara Barton Birthplace Museum. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  4. ^ Barton Center website. Barton Center for Diabetes Education. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  5. ^ Clara Barton NHS - The House. National Park Service. Retrieved on 2007-05-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.


Published Work

References and additional reading

External links

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