Civilization II
North American boxart, PC version
Developer(s)	MicroProse
Publisher(s)	MicroProse
Designer(s)	Brian Reynolds Douglas Caspian-Kaufman Jeff Briggs
Version	2. A video game developer is a software developer (a business or an individual that creates Video games A developer may specialize in a certain video MicroProse, as a corporation and brand name has been owned by several entities since its original founding by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey in 1982 MicroProse, as a corporation and brand name has been owned by several entities since its original founding by Sid Meier and Bill Stealey in 1982 A "game designer" is a person who designs Video games or one who designs traditional games such as Board games Video Games Designer A video game designer Brian Reynolds (born 1967) is a well known computer strategy Game designer, formerly of MicroProse and Firaxis Games. Jeff Briggs (born March 10 1957 in Florence Alabama) is founder and former President, and CEO of Firaxis Games, a 42
Platform(s)	Mac OS, PlayStation, Windows
Release date	February 29, 1996
Genre(s)	Turn-based strategy
Mode(s)	Single player
Rating(s)	ESRB: E (Everyone)
Media	Compact Disc
System requirements	33 MHz 486 CPU, 8 MB RAM, 2× CD-ROM
Input methods	Mouse, keyboard

The main game screen in Civilization II

In this screenshot of Civilization II most of the gameworld has been discovered, as can be seen by the "mini-map" located in the upper right of the screen. In Computing, a platform describes some sort of Hardware architecture or Software framework (including Application frameworks, that allows Mac OS is the trademarked name for a series of Graphical user interface -based Operating systems developed by Apple Inc The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) See also [[Game classification]] Video games are categorized into Genres based on their Gameplay interaction A turn-based strategy ( TBS) game is a Strategy game (usually some type of wargame, especially a strategic-level wargame that is In video gaming, single-player refers to the variant of a particular game where input from only one player is expected throughout the course of the gaming session A video game content rating system is a system used for the classification of Video games into suitability-related groups The Entertainment Software Rating Board ( ESRB) is a self-regulatory organization that applies and enforces ratings, Advertising guidelines and Digital media (as opposed to analog media) usually refers to Electronic media that work on digital Codes. A Compact Disc (also known as a CD) is an Optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio The Intel 486, otherwise known as the 80486 i486 or just 486 was the first tightly pipelined X86 design CD-ROM (an initialism of "Compact Disc Read-Only Memory " is a pre-pressed Compact Disc that contains data accessible to but not writable In Computing, a mouse (plural mice, mouse devices, or mouses) In Computing, a keyboard is an Input device partially modelled after the typewriter keyboard which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys

Sid Meier's Civilization II, a. k. a. Civ II, is a turn-based strategy computer game designed by Brian Reynolds, Douglas Caspian-Kaufman and Jeff Briggs. A turn-based strategy ( TBS) game is a Strategy game (usually some type of wargame, especially a strategic-level wargame that is A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather Brian Reynolds (born 1967) is a well known computer strategy Game designer, formerly of MicroProse and Firaxis Games. Jeff Briggs (born March 10 1957 in Florence Alabama) is founder and former President, and CEO of Firaxis Games, a Although it is a sequel to Sid Meier's Civilization, neither Sid Meier nor Bruce Shelley were involved in its development. Sidney K Meier (born February 24 1954 in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada) is an American programmer and designer of several Sid Meier's Civilization is a Turn-based strategy computer game created by Sid Meier for MicroProse in 1991 Bruce Campbell Shelley is a Computer game designer who helped design Sid Meier's Civilization and Railroad Tycoon with MicroProse Civilization II was first released in 1996 for the PC and later ported to the Sony PlayStation. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated The PlayStation (abbreviated PS, PSone, PS1, or informally as PSX) is a 32-bit fifth generation Video game console

In 2002 Atari re-released the game for newer operating systems, such as Windows Me and Windows XP. Atari is a corporate and brand name owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. Windows Millennium Edition, or Windows Me (IPA pronunciation, iː is a hybrid 16-bit / 32-bit graphical Operating system released on 14 September Windows XP is a family of 32-bit and 64-bit Operating systems produced by Microsoft for use on Personal computers including home and

The Multiplayer Gold Edition was included in the Civilization Chronicles box set released in 2006.

Gameplay

Civilization II is similar to the first Civilization, with some changes to the units, civilizations, additional wonders, tile "specials" and technologies. The graphics (greatly improved with clickable links and movable windows) were changed from a top-down view to an isometric representation. Isometric projection is a form of Graphical projection —more specifically an Axonometric projection. The Artificial Intelligence, or AI, was improved upon as well, including the elimination of most random events (such as the situation where Wonders of the World were built spontaneously in the original Civilization) by now making the computer player go through the same production requirements as the human player.

Rivers no longer occupy the whole of each tile along its length. The river is just part of each topography square it flows through, adding productive value, defensive bonuses and movement ability. Rivers now act much like roads- moving one square along a river will cost only 1/3 of a movement point.

The game features entirely new concepts, such as firepower and hit points (preventing phalanxes from beating battleships), and changes to some units' abilities and strengths. A personal computer Game (also known as a computer game or simply PC game) is a Video game played on a Personal computer, rather Health is a Game mechanic used in computer and Video games to give value to characters, enemies NPCs, and related objects The phalanx (Ancient Greek φάλαγξ Modern Greek φάλαγγα phālanga (plural phalanxes or phalanges (Ancient and Modern Greek φάλαγγες A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were For instance, engineers and settlers can be automated to improve surrounding areas, but no longer ignore enemy zones of control. An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there often to colonize the area Legions cost more to produce but have greater attack and defense values; some new units are added such as stealth bomber and stealth fighter. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Stealth aircraft are Aircraft that use Stealth technology to make it harder to be detected by radar and other means than conventional aircraft by employing a Stealth aircraft are Aircraft that use Stealth technology to make it harder to be detected by radar and other means than conventional aircraft by employing a

One memorable element in the game is the ability to consult the 'High Council' for advice (as long as the player still has the CD in the drive). The council consists of film clips of actors portraying advisors in the areas of the military (a brawny man, often drunk, angry or both; he becomes a stereotypical American general when you reach Modern Age), economics (a smooth-talking merchant, later a snooty and suave businessman), diplomacy (in the Modern Age, a saucy femme fatale with a vaguely Eastern European accent), technological progress (a nerdy scientist), and the people's happiness (an Elvis Presley caricature, wearing sunglasses even in the Ancient period). A femme fatale (plural femmes fatales) is an alluring and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers in bonds of irresistible desire often leading them into Nerd is a term often bearing a derogatory connotation or Stereotype, that refers to a person who passionately pursues Intellectual activities Esoteric A caricature is either a Portrait that exaggerates or distorts the essence of a person or thing to create an easily identifiable visual likeness or in literature a description They often argue with and insult one another, as each advisor's department demands a different set of priorities. The counselors' costumes change with each new era. In many ways, the 'High Council' constitutes a bit of comic relief, especially from the expansionist "military" adviser, who will insist on more troops even when you have 60 battleships. Amusingly, when the player is experiencing anarchy, the characters begin talking at the same time, interrupting each other, and finally beginning to fight, with all counselor windows shutting down and turning into the "A" symbol of Anarchism. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i

There are two paths to victory (and bonus points to the score) in this game: to conquer every other civilization, or to build a spaceship and reach Alpha Centauri before any of the other civilizations. Alpha Centauri (α Centauri / α Cen also known as Rigil Kentaurus, Rigil Kent, or Toliman, is the brightest Star in the southern Constellation The latter can be much more difficult because there are a limited number of turns in the game, which ends in the year 2020. If the spaceship does not reach Alpha Centauri by then, the game will simply end with your current score. The player can continue playing after all civilizations have been conquered, the spaceship has reached its destination, or the year 2020, but there will no longer be any scoring. The sooner a player conquers every other civilization, or the space ship arrives, the better as far as scoring is concerned. However, there are many things that can be done to gain points, so it occasionally is better to hold off victory to gain more points by, say researching extra 'future technologies'.

The scoring system measures the player's performance during each game. Population is a major influence on scoring as each happy citizen contributes two points, each content citizen contributes one point, and each unhappy citizen contributes zero points. This means that the higher the population of your civilization, the higher you can expect your score to be. Players may increase the luxury rate to the maximum (depending upon their government type) right before the very end of the game in order to maximize their scores. Additionally, each wonder of the world owned by the player will also add 20 points to their score. Each square with pollution deducts ten points. The length of time there has been peace (no armed conflict or war) up to the end of the game also adds 3 points per turn. The final score will also give a civilization percentage, based on the difficulty level the game was played at (chosen at the very beginning of the game). The higher this percentage is, the better. Finally, a title will be given to the player. Particularly good ones include "Lion-Hearted," "the Great" with the greatest obtainable title being "The Magnificent. "

Expansions

The World War II scenario

There were three expansion packs that slowly added more features to the game. The first, Conflicts in Civilization, included 20 new scenarios: 12 created by the makers of the game,^[1] and 8 by fans. It also added an enhanced macro language for scenario scripting.

The twelve scenarios created by MPS:

• After the Apocalypse
• Age of Discovery
• The Age of Napoleon
• Alexander the Great
• Alien Invasion
• American Civil War
• The Crusades
• The Great War
• Jihad: The Rise of Islam
• The Mongol Horde
• The War for Independence
• World War: 1979

This was followed by Fantastic Worlds which added 19 new scenarios as well as a variety of editors for the game. The final expansion was the Multiplayer Gold Edition, a re-release of the original game, which bundled all prior expansion packs and added options for networked and hotseat play.

Civilization II: Test of Time was released in 1999. Civilization II Test of Time, released in 1999, is a turn-based Strategy game similar to the best selling game Civilization II. It was a stand-alone game with new features, such as redrawn, animated units, support for multiple maps in one game, and some new campaign modes.

Reception

Civilization II was placed on IGN's 100 greatest video games of all time, coming in at #4. ^[2] This list also included console games, and Civ II was the highest-ranked PC game.

Legacy

Civilization II is a game with longevity. While most PC games come and go in a matter of months, this game was still going strong after several years and inspired many titles including Activision's Call to Power series and Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri. Activision Inc is an American Video game developer and publisher. Civilization Call to Power is a PC Turn-based strategy game developed by Activision as a successor to the extremely successful This longevity, at least in part, is due to an unending stream of mods and scenarios produced by its enormous fan base. Mod or modification is a term generally applied to Computer games especially First-person shooters RPGs and Real-time strategy games The game was followed by Firaxis' Civilization III and Civilization IV. Firaxis Games is a Computer game developer. It was founded in 1996 by Sid Meier, Jeff Briggs, and Brian Reynolds upon leaving Sid Meier's Civilization III is a turn-based strategy Computer game by Firaxis Games, the sequel to Sid Meier's Civilization II Sid Meier's Civilization IV ( Civilization 4 or Civ4) is a Turn-based strategy computer game released in

Civilizations

While Barbarians do not act like regular NPCs in this game (they just attack and pilage), they can take over a city and produce units (but will not produce settlers to expand). Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Aztec is a term used to refer to certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who achieved political Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sioux (pronounced SUE are a Native American and First Nations people "Barbarian" is a pejorative term for an uncivilized person either in a general reference to a member of a nation or Ethnos perceived A non-player character, often shortened to NPC, is a character that is controlled by the Gamemaster in Role-playing games or one that is not Also, a close examination of the software reveals that the Arabs and Incan Empire were originally meant to be playable civilizations in the game. The Inca Empire (or Inka Empire) was the largest empire in Pre-Columbian America. One need only replace another available civilization's information with that of these 'missing' ones in order to play them. It is also possible to edit the game's data files in order to add a custom civilization. With a higher level of skill and some specialized computer programs, it's even possible to edit the leader portraits to create a custom tribe.

Technologies

Listed above are the main 88 technologies used in the game and found in the controlling file (rules. Flight is the process by which an object achieves sustained movement either through the Air (or movement beyond Earth's atmosphere, in the case of An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study This article focuses on the historical models of the atom For a history of the study of how atoms combine to form molecules see History of the molecule. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus A funeral is a Ceremony marking a person's Death. Funerary customs comprise the complex of Beliefs and practices used by a Culture to remember Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties Chivalric order Chivalry is a term related to the Medieval institution of Knighthood. Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society Combined arms is an approach to Warfare which seeks to integrate different arms of a Military to achieve mutually complementary effects Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of Exothermic chemical reactions between a Fuel and an Oxidant accompanied by the production of Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority In the fields of Architecture and Civil engineering, construction is a process that consists of the Building or assembling of Infrastructure A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical Engineering is the Discipline and Profession of applying technical and scientific Knowledge and Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. An explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise Energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed Flight is the process by which an object achieves sustained movement either through the Air (or movement beyond Earth's atmosphere, in the case of Fundamentalism refers to a "deep and totalistic commitment" to a belief in and strict adherence to a set of basic principles (often Religious in nature a reaction Fusion power is power generated by Nuclear fusion reactions In this kind of reaction two light atomic nuclei fuse Genetic engineering, Recombinant DNA technology, genetic modification/manipulation (GM and gene splicing are terms that apply to the direct Guerrilla warfare is the unconventional warfare and combat with which a small group of combatants use mobile tactics (ambushes raids etc Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one An invention is a new form composition of matter device or Process. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, A machine tool is a powered mechanical device typically used to fabricate metal components of machines by Machining, which is the selective removal of metal In Physics, magnetism is one of the Phenomena by which Materials exert attractive or repulsive Forces on other Materials. A map is a visual representation of an area—a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of that space such as objects, Regions, and Themes Masonry is the building of structures from individual units laid in and bound together by mortar, and the term "masonry" can also refer to the units themselves Mass production (also called flow production, repetitive flow production, series production, or serial production) is the production of Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Metallurgy is a domain of Materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their Miniaturization is the creation of ever-smaller scales for mechanical optical and electronic products and devices Mobile Warfare is the correct English term for Mao Zedong 's main military methods A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or For the Celtic Frost album see Monotheist (album In Theology, monotheism (from Greek grc [[wiktμόνος μόνος]] Mysticism (from the Greek grc μυστικός mystikos, an initiate of a Mystery religion) is the pursuit of communion with identity Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter nuclei) often producing Free neutrons and other smaller nuclei which may Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Polytheism is belief in or worship of multiple Gods (usually assembled in a pantheon) together with associated Mythology and Rituals Pottery is the Ceramic ware made by potters It also refers to a group of materials that includes Earthenware, Stoneware Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce Refining (also called affining) is the process of Purification of a substance. Refrigeration is the process of removing Heat from an enclosed space or from a substance and moving it to a place where it is unobjectionable A robot is a mechanical or Virtual Artificial agent In practice it is usually an electro-mechanical system which by its appearance or movements A rocket or rocket vehicle is a Missile, Aircraft or other Vehicle which obtains Thrust by the reaction of the Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Spaceflight is the use of Space technology to fly a Spacecraft into and through Outer space. Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology is a sub-discipline of military Electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid. Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain Materials generally at very low Temperatures characterized by exactly zero electrical resistance Military tactics ( Greek: Taktikē, the art of organizing an army are the techniques for using weapons or military units in combination for engaging and defeating Theology is the study of a god or the gods from a religious perspective Gravitation is a natural Phenomenon by which objects with Mass attract one another Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects Warrior code is an Ethical code followed by Warriors often those in an Aristocratic society that were Privileged by birth belonging to Nobility A wheel is a circular device that is capable of rotating on its axis facilitating movement or transportation whilst supporting a load ( Mass) or performing labour in machines txt). There is also an entry for Plumbing, but it is not tied to anything and adds nothing significant to the gameplay when activated. Plumbing, from the Latin plumbum for Lead, is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and Plumbing fixtures for In addition, there is a listing for 'Future Technology'. It is possible to research all of the advances by the later stages of a highly advanced game, and at that point additional 'Future Technologies' are learned in succession (Future Tech 1, Future Tech 2, Future Tech 3, etc. ). Researching these additional 'Future Technologies' can increase the final score at the end of the game.

Lastly, the file includes at the end of the list an extra 10 Technology 'slots' that are not tied to anything (activated). This allows some level of customization (see Game Modification section), because you can insert them at various points and then use them as prerequisites for units or buildings. Sid Meier's Civilization II, aka Civ II, is a Turn-based strategy Computer game designed by Brian Reynolds

Units

There are 51 units in Civilization II. Most of them existed in the original 'Civilization', but there are a few new ones (Paratrooper and Marines, for example), and a few have been renamed. (For example, Militia are now called Warriors, and Cavalry are now called Horsemen. ) In addition, some previous units have had their properties changed. The biggest example of this is how the Chariot's attack was reduced from 4 to 3.

These units, along with their respective characteristics (prerequisite techs, ADM values, etc) are listed in the controlling file 'rules. The Aegis combat system is an integrated weapons system used by the United States Navy. Ski warfare, the use of ski -equipped troops in War, is first recorded by the Danish historian Saxo Grammaticus Archery is the practice of using a bow or Crossbow to shoot Arrows Archery has historically been used in Hunting and Combat and has An armoured fighting vehicle ( AFV) is a military Vehicle, protected by armour and armed with Weapons Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were A bomber is a Military aircraft designed to attack ground and sea targets primarily by dropping Bombs on them | NOTE Throughout this article "cannon" is used as BOTH the || singular and plural A camel train is a series of Camels carrying goods or passengers in a group as part of a regular or semi-regular service between two points This article is about the Caravel boat type For the carvel type of boat building see Carvel (boat building. An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with A catapult is any one of a number of non-handheld mechanical devices used to throw a Projectile a great distance without the aid of an explosive substance—particularly various The Cavalry (from French cavalerie) is the second oldest of the Combat Arms, and as Soldiers or Warriors who fought mounted on The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow A cruiser is a large type of Warship, which had its prime period from the late 19th century to the end of the Cold War. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states A dragoon is a soldier intended primarily to fight on foot but trained also in Horse riding and cavalry combat especially A war elephant is an Elephant trained and guided by humans for combat An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering. Fanaticism is an Emotion of being filled with excessive uncritical Zeal, particularly for an extreme religious or political cause or in A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed Cargo (or freight) refers to goods or produce transported generally for Commercial gain by ship, aircraft, train, For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship A galleon was a large multi-decked Sailing ship used primarily by the nations of Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. Horsemen may refer to Cavalry Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse Four Horsemen (football A howitzer is a type of Artillery piece that is characterized by a relatively short barrel and the use of comparatively small explosive charges to propel projectiles An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription," Marines (from the English adjective marine, meaning of the sea, from Latin language mare, meaning sea via French adjective Mechanized infantry (or "mech infantry" are Infantry equipped with Armored personnel carriers (APCs or Infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs A musketeer (mousquetaire was an early modern type of Infantry Soldier equipped with a Musket. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Paratroopers are Soldiers trained in Parachuting and generally operate as part of an airborne force. A partisan is a member of an Irregular military force formed to oppose control of an area by a foreign power or by an army of occupation The phalanx (Ancient Greek φάλαγξ Modern Greek φάλαγγα phālanga (plural phalanxes or phalanges (Ancient and Modern Greek φάλαγγες A pike is a Pole weapon, a very long thrusting Spear used two-handed and used extensively by Infantry both for attacks on enemy foot soldiers and as Rifleman is a private Soldier in a rifle unit of Infantry. Origins Although ultimately originating with the 16th century handgunners and the 17th A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there often to colonize the area Stealth aircraft are Aircraft that use Stealth technology to make it harder to be detected by radar and other means than conventional aircraft by employing a Stealth aircraft are Aircraft that use Stealth technology to make it harder to be detected by radar and other means than conventional aircraft by employing a A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability A troopship (also troop ship or troop transport or trooper) is a Ship used to carry Soldiers either in peacetime or wartime Trireme ( τριήρης sing τριήρεις pl triremis sing According to the Random House Dictionary, the term warrior has two meanings txt', and can be altered to enhance gameplay (see Game Modification section). Sid Meier's Civilization II, aka Civ II, is a Turn-based strategy Computer game designed by Brian Reynolds The 'rules. txt' file also contains support for 3 additional units (11 with the expansion), with 3 icons already included.

The Barbarians have a special version of the diplomat that acts as a 'leader' to various spawned units; 'capturing' (defeating) it will net the player a certain amount of gold, that amount depending on the difficulty level. A popup box will report this is a 'ransom payment'.

City Improvements

There are 34 City Improvements (buildings) that can be constructed to improve some aspect of that city's production, happiness, growth, defense, economical or scientific output. Many of them add cumulative benefits with their earlier versions (such as a Bank requiring but also working in addition to the Marketplace, and the same for the University building upon the benefits of a Library). Some improvements can be affected by an advancement or Wonder of the World (i. e. , the effects of a Temple are doubled with the Oracle), whereas others are automatically granted (i. e. , a Granary exists in every city of the player that controls the Pyramids).

A special case exists for the Barracks improvement. With the development of Gunpowder, all existing Barracks become obsolete and have to be rebuilt (and cost 2-gold per turn instead of the original 1-gold per turn). Then, with the development of Mobile Warfare, Barracks become obsolete again and have to be rebuilt once more (with the cost of 3-gold per turn).

In additional to the 34 traditional buildings (above), there are 4 other non-Wonders that can be constructed in a city. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land An aqueduct is an artificial channel that is constructed to convey water from one location to another A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money Barracks are living quarters for personnel on a Military post This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for The Colosseum or Roman Coliseum, originally the Flavian Amphitheatre ( Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium, Italian Anfiteatro Flavio For the Arlington Virginia neighborhood see Courthouse Virginia A courthouse (sometimes spelled court house) is a building A factory (previously manufactory) or manufacturing plant is an industrial Building where workers manufacture goods A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or Animal feed. In ancient or primitive granaries Pottery is the most A harbor or harbour (see spelling differences) or haven, is a place where ships may shelter from the Weather or are stored Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale A marketplace is the space actual or metaphorical in which a Market operates Nuclear power is any Nuclear technology designed to extract usable Energy from atomic nuclei via controlled Nuclear reactions An oil platform or oil rig is a large structure used to house workers and machinery needed to drill and/or extract oil and Natural gas through wells A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure. A police station (also called stationhouse) is a Building which serves as the Headquarters of a Police force or unit which serves a specific ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo A power station (also referred to as generating station, power plant or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce A laboratory (informally lab) is a facility that provides controlled conditions in which scientific Research, Experiments and A surface to air missile ( SAM) or ground-to-air missile ( GTAM) is a Missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy Aircraft The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI was a proposal by US President Ronald Reagan on March 23, 1983 to use ground and space-based systems to protect Solar energy is the Light and radiant heat from the Sun that powers Earth 's Climate and Weather and sustains Life A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve Customer divider barjpg|thumb|In supermarkets sellers periodically change prices for classes of goods in response to market conditions rather than negotiating the price of each good A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects First, after the discovery of Corporation, a player can 'build' the Capitalization improvement which greatly enhances economic output (for a time). A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Secondly, there are 3 types of spaceship improvements: SS Component (prerequisite: plastics), SS Module (superconductor), and SS Structural (spaceflight). These are built to complete the spaceship, which is constructed in the civilization's capital city. There is a minimum number of each type required to launch; and there is a maximum number of each that can be used in the overall construction of the spaceship. Note: using the maximum configuration greatly improves the score obtained with a successful landing.

Wonders of the World

Wonders of the World and gameplay

All Wonders of the World have their own prerequisite technology in order to be able to construct them (e. The Great Pyramid of Giza, also called Khufu's Pyramid or the Pyramid of Khufu, and Pyramid of Cheops, is the oldest and largest of the three The Delphic Sibyl was a legendary figure who made prophecies in the sacred precinct of Apollo at Delphi, on the slopes of Mount Parnassus. The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th The lighthouse of Alexandria (or The Pharos of Alexandria, Greek:) was a tower built in the 3rd century BC (between 285 and 247 BC on the Island The Royal Library of Alexandria or Ancient Library of Alexandria in Alexandria, Egypt, was once the largest library in the ancient world Sun Tzu ( ("Master Sun" also called Sun Wu ( is traditionally considered to be the author of The Art of War (also simply called the Sistine Chapel (Cappella Sistina is the best-known Chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. The Globe Theatre was a Theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death Marco Polo ( September 15 1254 – January 9 1324 at earliest but no later than June 1325 was a Venetian trader and explorer Ferdinand Magellan (Fernão de Magalhães fɨɾˈnɐ̃ũ dɨ mɐgɐˈʎɐ̃ĩʃ Fernando de Magallanes (Spring 1480 &ndash April 27 1521 Mactan Island, Cebu The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University) located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer First Voyage On 27 September 1825 Beagle docked at Woolwich for repairs and fitted out for her new duties at a total cost of £5913 The Eiffel Tower (Tour Eiffel /tuʀ ɛfɛl/ is an Iron Tower built WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented Adam Smith ( baptised 16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of Political economy. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence ( SETI) is the collective name for a number of activities to detect intelligent Extraterrestrial life. Cancer (medical term Malignant Neoplasm) is a class of Diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled Hoover Dam, also sometimes known as Boulder Dam, is a Concrete Arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado River, on the g. , Map Making for the Lighthouse, Bronze Working for the Colossus, and Pottery for the Hanging Gardens). Certain technologies also cause the expiration of a particular Wonder's benefits (e. g. , Magnetism, Flight and Railroad for the three Wonders mentioned above, respectively). Most Wonders have technologies that make them expire, but there are some that never expire.

Wonders of the World can be categorized into those that affect happiness, cities and buildings, units and movement, technology, diplomacy and finally economics. Wonders can also be city-specific or civilization-specific. City-specific Wonders only affect the city in which it was built (such as the Colossus which grants an extra trade arrow in utilized squares of that city's radius). Civilization-specific Wonders affect the entire empire that controls it (such as the Hanging Gardens which grants +1 happiness in all cities of the same civilization).

When a civilization-specific Wonder does not expire, its effects can dramatically affect gameplay. For example, building (or capturing) Michaelangelo's Chapel immediately puts a Cathedral in every city of the controlling civilization, greatly promoting happiness. Of course, this makes the cities that contain those Wonders all the more crucial to defend, since losing the city to conquest causes the benefits of that Wonder to be lost (and switch over to the capturing player). Accordingly, certain Wonders have a 'must' status in certain types of games or for certain types of players. For example, the Pyramids (+50% retention of food surplus after city growth), Michaelangelo's Chapel (Cathedral in every city) and Leonardo's Workshop (automatic unit upgrades - at least until the development of the Automobile) are critical for expanding empires and/or gameplay at the more difficult levels. Additionally, warmongering empires will also seek to build the Great Wall and Sun Tzu's War Academy.

Alternatively, one can cause havoc on a rival civilization by causing their Wonder of the World to expire, such as when any player learns Metallurgy causing the Great Wall to expire (and the free city-walls in each of the controlling player's cities suddenly disappear).

Game modification

While expansions are sold separately, the PC version is programmed so that computer-savvy players can modify the game themselves. Amongst the files installed on the user's computer when the game is installed is a file called "rules. txt" which controls the game. The text file itself practically encourages the user to modify the game, giving instructions on how to change the various parameters of each main category, including: units, technologies, wonders, terrain and leaders. There is even a 'cosmic' section that controls more global settings pertaining to items such as governments, happiness levels, city sizes, and technology learning.

Each section lists the parameters you can change. For example, you can alter a specific unit's name, movement allowance, hit points, production cost, cargo hold (if applicable), technology that allows it, technology that makes it obsolete, and any one of a series of special abilities (reserved to handle the capabilities of specific units such as submarines). While the 'units' section has by far the most parameters, changing values in other sections can be equally intriguing. For example, you can change when a Wonder of the World expires, the prerequisites for a technology on the tech-tree, or alter the food output of a special tile (like wheat, for example).

Another text file that can enhance gameplay variation is the file "city. txt" which holds the list of city names that are used as defaults for each successive city built.

Advanced computer users can also modify the game by changing the visual files (such as units. gif or terrain. gif). While there is a risk of damaging the gameplay, it is possible to change the appearance of units, terrain, people, etc.

NOTE: It is advised that before modifying any of these files, the user copy these files to a safe location in case any file is changed in a way that affects the game irreparably.

A better solution may be to use the Scenario Editor and create a specific game with the various alterations you prefer. In addition, the newly created files (such as rules. txt and units. gif, mentioned above) can be copied to other locations (primarily the directory where the original games files are located), thus altering the conditions of gameplay for random games too.

Lastly, the included Map-Editor allows for custom world building prior to playing a random game. In addition to setting the land mass and ocean shapes, you can set the 'resource seed' for how the special tiles are generated (the default value of '1' indicates random).

Multimedia

Civilization II's music is in the Red Book CD-audio format, the same as that found on normal music CDs. Red Book is the standard for audio CDs ( Compact Disc Digital Audio system or CDDA) It is not in MIDI or another computer-specific format. MIDI ( Musical Instrument Digital Interface, ˈmɪdi is an industry-standard protocol that enables Electronic musical instruments Computers The songs are quite varied; some are from the 19th century classical era, such as the Blue Danube Waltz, while others have a tribal, tropical sound to them. The Blue Danube is the common English title of An der schönen blauen Donau op The music can be played back through any CD-ROM drive. Over 200 MB of space on the Civilization II CD is taken up by the music, 280 MB is occupied by the videos (many of them are historical footages), whereas the actual program data takes up less than 30 MB.

Wonders of the World Music

Whenever a player builds a Wonder of the World, a short video with music is played. The music is often taken from other sources:

• King Richard's Crusade - Dance of the Furies, Christoph Willibald Gluck
• Michelangelo's Chapel - Credo, (Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina)
• J. Orfeo ed Euridice (French version Orphée et Eurydice; English translation Orpheus and Eurydice) is an Opera composed by Christoph Willibald The credo ( Latin for "I Believe" ˈkɾeːd̪oː is a statement of Religious belief, such as the Nicene Creed (or less often another creed Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 - 2 February 1594 was an Italian Composer of the Renaissance. S. Bach's Cathedral - Toccata and Fugue in D minor, Johann Sebastian Bach
• Shakespeare's Theatre - Taken from the prologue to Henry V
• Statue of Liberty - El Capitan March, John Philip Sousa

Most videos, however, feature original compositions with often discernible inspiration,^[3] either from Peter Gabriel's soundtrack to The Last Temptation of Christ:

• Pyramids - "The Feeling Begins"
• Great Wall of China - "Gethsemane"
• Sun Tzu's War Academy - "Gethsemane"

Trevor Jones' and Randy Edelman's soundtrack to The Last of the Mohicans:

• Colossus - Main Title
• Great Lighthouse - "Elk Hunt"
• Marco Polo's Embassy - "The Kiss"
• Magellan's Expedition - "Promontory"

Joe Hisaishi's soundtrack to Laputa: Castle in the Sky:

• Great Library - "Sheeta's Decision"
• Copernicus' Observatory - Track 12
• United Nations - Main Title

Or various other sources:

• Oracle - Theme from Harry's Game by Clannad
• Women's Suffrage - Swinging at the Daisy Chain by the Count Basie Orchestra
• Hoover Dam - MechWarrior 2 Soundtrack by Gregory Alper & Jeehun Hwang
• Manhattan Project - either Bo's Veranda or I Had My Chance by Morphine
• Apollo Program - Telegraph Road by Dire Straits
• Cure for Cancer - possibly Clannad

References

See also

• Civilization Fanatics Center
• Apolyton Civilization Site
• Civilization (series)

External links

• Moby Game's entry on Civilization II
• Civilized Online Gaming Community
• CivFanatics Civilization Forums
• Custom Civ2 Scenarios
• Game Demo
• Civilization 2 Review
• Civilization Anonymous: site claiming to provide support to Civilization addicts; actually an example of stealth marketing