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Civil Air Patrol Corporate seal
Civil Air Patrol Corporate seal

The Civil Air Patrol (CAP) is the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF). The term auxiliaries comes from the Latin auxilia (help It is generally used to describe people employed in an organisation often pre-existing as a Reserve While the CAP is sponsored by the Air Force, it is not an operating reserve component under the Air Force or the federal government. A military reserve force is a military organization Since CAP is not part of any uniformed service branch and its members are civilians, it is not subject to the laws governed by the Uniform Code of Military Justice. The United States has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized The Uniform Code of Military Justice ( UCMJ,,) is the foundation of Military law in the United States. CAP is a non-profit volunteer organization with an aviation-minded membership that includes people from all backgrounds, lifestyles, and occupations. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage A volunteer is someone who works for a community or for the benefit of environment primarily because they choose to do so It performs three congressionally assigned key missions: emergency services (including search and rescue), aerospace education for youth and the general public, and cadet programs for teenage youth. Emergency services are organizations which ensure Public safety by addressing different emergencies For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the In addition, it has recently been tasked with homeland security and courier service missions. The term homeland security refers to the broad national effort by all levels of government to protect its territory from hazards both internal and external natural and man-made CAP also performs non-auxiliary missions for various governmental and private agencies, such as local law enforcement and the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside

Membership in the organization consists of cadets ranging from 12 to 21 years of age, and senior members 18 years of age and up. These two groups each have the opportunity to participate in a wide variety of pursuits; the Cadet program contributes to the development of the former of these two groups with a structured syllabus and an organization based upon United States Air Force ranks and pay grades, while the older members serve as instructors and supervisors. All members wear uniforms while performing their duties.

Nationwide CAP is a major operator of single-engine general aviation aircraft, used in the execution of its various missions, including orientation flights for cadets and the provision of significant emergency services capabilities. General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. Because of these extensive flying opportunities, many CAP members become licensed pilots.

The hierarchical and quasi-military organization is headed by the National Headquarters (with authority over the national organization) followed by eight regional commands and 52 state wings (plus Washington, D.C. and Puerto Rico). Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Each wing supervises the individual squadrons that comprise the basic operational unit of the organization.

Contents

History

Main article: History of the Civil Air Patrol

The Civil Air Patrol was created on 1 December 1941 by Administrative Order 9, issued by Fiorello H. LaGuardia in his capacity as Director of the Office of Civilian Defense with Major General John F. Curry as the first National Commander. Civil Air Patrol ( CAP) is the Civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force (USAF Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. LaGuardia redirects here For the airport see LaGuardia Airport. Office of Civilian Defense was a United States federal emergency war agency set up May 20, 1941 by Executive Order 8757 to co-ordinate state Major General John Francis Curry was the first national commander of the Civil Air Patrol, the United States Air Force Auxiliary During World War II, CAP was seen as a way to use America's civilian aviation resources to aid the war effort instead of grounding them. The organization assumed many missions including anti-submarine patrol and warfare, border patrols, and courier services. Anti-submarine warfare (ASW or in older form A/S is a branch of Naval warfare that uses surface Warships Aircraft, space craft or other Submarines Border Guard, Border Patrol, Border police, or Frontier police is a National security agency that performs Border control, i A courier is a Person or company employed to deliver Messages packages and Mail. CAP pilots sighted 173 enemy U-boats and sank two. U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word, itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot ( undersea boat) and refers [1]

After the end of World War II CAP became the civilian auxiliary of the United States Air Force, and its incorporating charter declared that it would never again be involved in direct combat activities, but would be of a benevolent nature. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including CAP changed command several times, to Continental Air Command in 1959, Headquarters Command, USAF in 1968, and education command, Air University in 1976. Continental Air Command (ConAC (1948 - 1968 was a Major Command of the United States Air Force (USAF responsible primarily for administering the Air National The United States Air Force Air University (AU is a component of the United States Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command, headquartered at Maxwell Air Since its incorporation charter, CAP has maintained its relationship with the USAF, and has continued its three congressionally-mandated missions. [2]

Missions

Civil Air Patrol has three key missions: Emergency Services, Aerospace Education and the Cadet Program.

Civil Air Patrol members practice searching for an emergency locator transmitter at the National Emergency Services Academy. The member in front is using an L-Tronics Little L-Per, a type of radio direction finder.
Civil Air Patrol members practice searching for an emergency locator transmitter at the National Emergency Services Academy. In the field of Search and Rescue (SAR distress radio beacons, also collectively known as distress beacons, emergency beacons, or simply beacons The member in front is using an L-Tronics Little L-Per, a type of radio direction finder. L-Tronics is a company based in Santa Barbara, California that specializes in the design and manufacture of Direction finding (DF equipment for Search A radio direction finder ( RDF) is a device for finding the direction to a Radio source

Emergency Services

Civil Air Patrol covers several Emergency Services areas. The principal categories include search and rescue missions, disaster relief, humanitarian services, and Air Force support. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. Other services, such as homeland security and actions against drug-trafficking operations, are becoming increasingly important. The term homeland security refers to the broad national effort by all levels of government to protect its territory from hazards both internal and external natural and man-made The War on Drugs is a prohibition campaign undertaken by the United States government with the assistance of participating countries intended to reduce the Illegal

Civil Air Patrol is arguably best known for its search activities in conjunction with search and rescue (SAR) operations. CAP is involved with approximately three quarters of inland SAR missions directed by the United States Air Force Rescue Coordination Center at Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. As the United States' inland Search and rescue ( SAR) coordinator the Air Force Rescue Coordination Center (AFRCC serves as the single agency responsible for coordinating Tyndall Air Force Base is a base of the United States Air Force located near Panama City in Bay County, Florida, United Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the [3] Outside of the continental United States, CAP directly supports the Joint Rescue Coordination Centers in Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Rescue Coordination Centers (RCCs in the United States are operated by the United States Coast Guard and the U Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} CAP is credited with saving an average of 100 lives per year. [4]

CAP is active in disaster relief operations, especially in areas such as Florida, Mississippi and Louisiana that are frequently struck by hurricanes. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America A tropical cyclone is a storm system characterized by a low pressure center and numerous Thunderstorms that produce strong winds and Flooding CAP aircrews and ground personnel provide transportation for cargo and officials, aerial imagery to aid emergency managers in assessing damage, and donations of personnel and equipment to local, state and federal disaster relief organizations during times of need. In 2004, several hurricanes hit the southeast coast of the United States, with Florida being the worst damaged; CAP was instrumental in providing help to affected areas. TemplateHurricane season single. -->The 2004 Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1 2004 and lasted until November 30 2004 [4]

Civil Air Patrol conducts humanitarian service missions, usually in support of the Red Cross. Humanitarianism is an active belief in Humanism (the idea of the value of human life whereby Humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated CAP aircrews transport time-sensitive medical materials, including blood and human tissue, when other means of transportation (such as ambulances) are not practical or possible. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism An ambulance is a Vehicle for transporting sick or injured people to from or between places of treatment for an Illness or Injury. Following the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City when all general aviation was grounded, the first plane to fly over the destroyed World Trade Center was a CAP aircraft transporting blood. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan The City of New York General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. The World Trade Center in New York City, United States (sometimes informally the WTC or Twin Towers) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan [4]

CAP performs several missions that are not combat-related in support of the United States Air Force, including damage assessment, transportation of officials, communications support and low-altitude route surveys. [4]

As a humanitarian service organization, CAP assists federal, state and local agencies in preparing for and responding to homeland security needs. In particular, the CAP fleet is used in training exercises to prepare USAF pilots to intercept enemy aircraft over the Continental United States. The term continental United States refers to the 48 contiguous states located on the North American continent south of the border with Canada plus the District Civil Air Patrol aircraft are flown into restricted airspace, where Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-15 Eagle pilots may practice high-speed intercepts. [5]

The Red Cross, Salvation Army and other civilian agencies frequently ask Civil Air Patrol aircraft to transport vital supplies including medical technicians, medication, and other vital supplies. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service. They often rely on CAP to provide airlift and communications for disaster relief operations. An airlift is the organized delivery of supplies primarily via Aircraft. CAP also assists the United States Coast Guard and Coast Guard Auxiliary. The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary was established on June 23 1939 by an act of Congress as the United States Coast Guard Reserve and re-designated as the Auxiliary [6][7]

Civil Air Patrol assists the United States Customs Service, Drug Enforcement Administration, and United States Forest Service in the War on Drugs. Until March 2003 the United States Customs Service was the portion of the U The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and The War on Drugs is a prohibition campaign undertaken by the United States government with the assistance of participating countries intended to reduce the Illegal In 2005, CAP flew over 12,000 hours in support of this mission and led these agencies to the confiscation of illegal substances valued at over $400 million. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Civil Air Patrol makes exensive use of the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance system, mounted on the Gippsland GA8 Airvan. The Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance, also known by the acronym ARCHER, is an aerial imaging system that produces ground images far more detailed WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The system is able to evaluate spectral signatures given off by certain objects, allowing the system to identify, for example, a possible marijuana crop. Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a [8][9]

Aerospace Education

Civil Air Patrol's Aerospace Education Program serves the CAP cadet and senior member population as well as the general public. Education for members includes formal, graded courses about all aspects of aviation including flight physics, dynamics, history, and application. Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them Courses covering the space program, and new technologies and advances in aviation and space exploration, are also available. History First orbital flights The first successful orbital launch was of the Soviet unmanned Sputnik There are several programs for CAP pilots to improve their flying skills and earn Federal Aviation Administration ratings. The Federal Aviation Administration ( FAA) is an agency of the United States Department of Transportation with authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of [10]

Through outreach programs, CAP helps schoolteachers integrate aviation and aerospace into the classroom, providing seminars, course materials and sponsorship of the National Congress on Aviation and Space Education. The National Congress on Aviation and Space Education is an annual conference sponsored by Civil Air Patrol designed to enhance and expand educational opportunities CAP members also provide their communities with resources for better management of airports and other aviation-related facilities, and promote the benefits of such facilities. An airport is a location where Aircraft such as airplanes, Helicopters and blimps take off and land [11]

The CAP Cadet Program has a mandatory aerospace education program; in order to progress, a cadet must take a number of courses and tests relating to aviation. Cadets also have educational opportunities through guest speakers, model building and actual flight. [11]

Senior members of Civil Air Patrol may study aerospace through the Senior Member Professional Development Program. CAP encourages its senior members to learn about aviation and its history, although this is not mandatory. Those who complete the Aerospace Education Program for Senior Members may earn the Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager Aerospace Education Award. Charles Elwood "Chuck" Yeager (born February 13 1923 is a retired Brigadier-General in the United States Air Force and a noted Test pilot. [11]

The purpose of the External Aerospace Education program, defined in CAP's 1946 congressional charter, is to "encourage and foster civil aviation in local communities". A congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission authority and activities of a group [12] CAP has focused on providing schools and teachers with materials and help for educating young people about aerospace. CAP members visit schools, host field trips, science competitions and fairs, and participate in other related activities. CAP also works with other organizations, such as the Boy Scouts of America, the Girl Scouts of the USA and 4-H. The Boy Scouts of America ( BSA) is the largest youth organization in the United States with over five million The Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA is a Youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad 4-H in the United States is a Youth organization administered by the Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES of the United States [11]


Membership

CAP has some 64,000 senior and cadet members in over 1,600 local units across the continental United States, in Alaska and Hawaii, and in Puerto Rico and at overseas Air Force installations. Alaska ( Аляска Alyaska) is a state in the United States of America, in the northwest of the North American continent The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the [1] CAP members are civilians and are not paid by the US government for their service. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Rather, members are responsible for paying annual membership fees, and pay for their own uniforms and other related expenses. [13]

Senior membership is open to all US Citizens, and resident aliens aged 18 and over who are able to pass an FBI background check. In US law, an alien is a legal term for a person, either a corporation or a human who is not a United States national. There is no upper age limit, nor membership restrictions for physical disabilities, due to the number of different tasks which members may be called on to perform. Cadet membership is open to those aged between 12 and 18 who maintain satisfactory progress in school, as determined by the cadet's unit commander; a cadet may remain in the Cadet Program until he/she is 21. [14]

The Civil Air Patrol motto, to which all members ascribe, is "Semper Vigilans", Latin for "Always Vigilant". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. [15] All CAP members are also obligated by their service to the organization to abide by its core values: integrity, volunteer service, excellence, and respect. [16]

Senior members

Grade Insignia
Major General
Maj Gen		 Major General insignia
Brigadier General
Brig Gen		 Brigadier General insignia
Colonel
Col		 Colonel insignia
Lieutenant Colonel
Lt Col		 Lieutenant Colonel insignia
Major
Maj		 Major insignia
Captain
Capt		 Captain insignia
First Lieutenant
1st Lt		 First Lieutenant insignia
Second Lieutenant
2d Lt		 Second Lieutenant insignia
Senior Flight Officer
SFO		 Senior Flight Officer insignia
Technical Flight Officer
TFO		 Technical Flight Officer insignia
Flight Officer
FO		 Flight Officer insignia
Senior Member
SM		 Officer insignia

Senior members are members who are over 21 years old, who joined CAP for the first time past the age of 18, or who are former cadets who transferred to the officer program. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Major is a Military rank the use of which varies according to country First Lieutenant is a Military rank. The rank of Lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations (see Comparative military ranks Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. The title Flight Officer can refer to a functional (occupational job title as an aircrew member or it can refer to a military rank previously used by the U The title Flight Officer can refer to a functional (occupational job title as an aircrew member or it can refer to a military rank previously used by the U The title Flight Officer can refer to a functional (occupational job title as an aircrew member or it can refer to a military rank previously used by the U Senior members who have not yet turned 21 years are eligible for Flight Officer ranks, which include Flight Officer, Technical Flight Officer, and Senior Flight Officer. There is no retirement age for CAP members, and there are no physical requirements for joining. Mandatory retirement is the age at which persons who hold certain jobs or offices are required by Statute to step down or Retire. The only physical requirements an officer must follow are the grooming and weight standards required of members who wear the Air Force-style uniforms (these do not apply to members who choose to wear those uniform designs unique to Civil Air Patrol). [17]

Ranks up to Lieutenant Colonel reflect progression in training and organizational seniority, rather than command authority. Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Because of this, it is not uncommon for senior members commanding groups and squadrons to have members of superior grades serving under them. Current, retired and former members of the United States Armed Forces may be promoted directly to the CAP grade equivalent to their military grade, although some choose to follow the same standards as non-prior-service members. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States Except for a few exceptional cases, senior members are only promoted to the grade of CAP Colonel upon appointment as 'Wing Commander', responsible for the administration of CAP units across an entire state. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government [18]

Senior members are provided with an optional Senior Member Professional Development program and are encouraged to progress within it. Progression in the training program is required for promotion of those senior members who were not promoted based on a prior military rank, or those with certain professional appointments (such as legal or medical). [19]

The professional development program consists of five levels, each having components of leadership training, corporate familiarization and aerospace education, as well as professional development within chosen "Specialty Tracks". There are many Specialty Tracks and they are designed both to support the organization and to provide opportunities for senior members to take advantage of skills they have from their private lives. Available Specialty Tracks include Logistics, Communications, Cadet Programs, Public Affairs, Legal, Administration, Emergency Services, Finance, and many more. Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society In Business, administration consists of the performance or management of business operations and thus the making or implementing of major decisions The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated [19]

Cadet members

For Civil Air Patrol cadet grades and insignia, see Cadet grades and insignia of the Civil Air Patrol. Cadet grades and insignia of the Civil Air Patrol are a series of military grades awarded to cadets in the Civil Air Patrol.

Civil Air Patrol's cadet program is a traditional military-style cadet program, and is one of the three main missions of the Civil Air Patrol. This article refers to the general definition of cadet A Cadet may also be a member of the Cadets, a historical Russian Political party. CAP cadets wear modified versions of Air Force uniforms, hold rank and grade, and practice military customs and courtesies. Military courtesy is one of the defining features of a professional Military force They are required to maintain physical fitness standards and are tested on this, and on their knowledge of leadership and aerospace subjects, at each promotion opportunity. Physical fitness is used in two close meanings general fitness (a state of Health and well-being and specific fitness (a task-oriented definition based on the ability The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading [20]

Concept

The current CAP Cadet Program was designed by John V. "Jack" Sorenson who held the position of Civil Air Patrol's Director of Aerospace Education in the 1960s. This program is composed of four phases (Learning, Leadership, Command, and Executive) each of which is divided into several achievements. Achievements generally correspond to grade promotions, while phases are tied to levels of responsibility. The Cadet Program operates at a local unit (squadron) level with weekly meetings and weekend activities, but also has national and wing-sponsored events, including week-long and multi-week summer activities and camps. [20]

As Cadets progress through the program, they are given additional responsibility for scheduling, teaching, guiding and commanding the other cadets in their units. They also assist their Senior Staff in executing the Cadet Program. It is not unusual for a cadet officer to command an encampment of hundreds of junior Cadets. [21] Cadets are given many opportunities to lead and to follow; they may hold leadership positions at squadron and wing activities, and are often involved in planning these activities. Cadets may complete paperwork, command other cadets, and teach at weekly meetings and at weekend and summer events. [22] The U.S. Congress stated in the Recruiting, Retention, and Reservist Promotion Act of 2000 that CAP and similar programs "provide significant benefits for the Armed Forces, including significant public relations benefits". The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses [23]

Organization

The Cadet Program is overseen and administered by senior members, who generally specialize in the Cadet Program. At the squadron level, the Cadet Commander's chain of command passes through the Deputy Commander for Cadets before reaching the squadron commander. There are 'Director of Cadet Programs' positions at all command levels higher than squadron. In addition to the Deputy Commander for Cadets, squadrons also have a Leadership Officer, a senior member whose job is to see to the military aspects of the Cadet program, such as uniforms, customs and courtesies. [20]

Cadets have a rank structure similar to the United States Air Force enlisted and officer grades, excluding those of General Officers. Cadet grades and insignia of the Civil Air Patrol are a series of military grades awarded to cadets in the Civil Air Patrol. An enlisted rank in the Military of the United States is any rank below a commissioned officer. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority A Cadet starts as a Cadet Airman Basic, and is promoted as he or she completes each achievement. Unlike the regular Armed Forces, where it is possible to enter as either a commissioned or non-commissioned officer, a cadet must be promoted through every enlisted grade in order to achieve the rank of Cadet Second Lieutenant. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority A non-commissioned officer (sometimes noncommissioned officer) also known as an NCO or Noncom, is an enlisted member of an Armed force To complete an achievement, a cadet must pass a physical fitness test as well as two written tests, one for leadership and one for aerospace education. The only exceptions to this rule are the promotion to Cadet Airman and Cadet Staff Sergeant, which have no aerospace test. For some achievements, an additional test of drill proficiency is required. [20]

The milestones in the Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program are the Major General John F. Curry Award, Wright brothers Award, the General Billy Mitchell Award, the Amelia Earhart Award, the General Ira C. Eaker Award and the General Carl A. Spaatz Award. Major General John Francis Curry was the first national commander of the Civil Air Patrol, the United States Air Force Auxiliary WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For other people with the same name see Billy Mitchell (disambiguation. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout General Ira Clarence Eaker KCB KBE ( April 13, 1896 – August 6, 1987) was a general of the United Carl Andrew "Tooey" Spaatz GBE (June 28 1891 &ndash July 14 1974 was an American general in World War II, and the first Chief of [20] As of March 16, 2008, 1,693 Spaatz Awards had been earned since the first was awarded to Cadet Douglas Roach in 1964. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Cadet Roach went on to an Air Force career and later became a pilot in the US Air Force Thunderbirds aerial demonstration team. The Thunderbirds are the Air Demonstration Squadron of the US [24]

Each milestone award in Civil Air Patrol confers upon a cadet various benefits. Upon earning the Mitchell Award and the grade of Cadet Second Lieutenant, a cadet will automatically be given the rank of Airman First Class (E-3) upon enlistment in the United States Air Force. Airman 1st Class ( A1C) is the third enlisted rank (E-3 in the United States Air Force, just above Airman and below Senior Airman. [25][8] Along with being awarded the Earhart Award and being promoted to C/Capt a cadet may attend International Air Cadet Exchange. The International Air Cadet Exchange is an annual Student exchange program designed to promote character good-will and cooperation among the world's Civilian

According to the CAP Knowledgebase website, the percentages for cadets receiving the milestone awards are estimated to be as follows:

Cadets that transfer to the senior member side between the ages of 18 and 21 receive the rank of Flight Officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Mitchell), Technical Flight Officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Earhart) or Senior Flight Officer (if the highest cadet award earned was the Spaatz). If the cadet waits until their 21st birthday, at which point they are required to transfer to the senior member program, they are eligible for the rank of Second Lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Mitchell), First Lieutenant (if the highest cadet award was the Earhart), or Captain (if the highest cadet award was the Spaatz). [20]

Activities

See also: National Cadet Special Activities of the Civil Air Patrol

Cadets under the age of 18 are eligible for ten orientation flights in CAP aircraft, including five glider and airplane flights. The following includes Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program national activities as of 2008 Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes Overview Fixed-wing aircraft range from small training and recreational aircraft to Wide-body aircraft and military cargo aircraft. Cadets over 18 years of age can still participate in military orientation flights, and some CAP wings have flight academies where cadets can learn to fly. The US Air Force and Army also frequently schedule orientation flights for CAP cadets in transport aircraft such as the KC-10 Extender, C-130 Hercules and the C-17 Globemaster III or, in the case of the Army, UH-60 Black Hawk and CH-47 Chinook helicopters. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. [27]

Civil Air Patrol's core cadet activity is the encampment. Typically a weeklong event, cadets are put into an intense, military-structured environment with physically and mentally demanding tasks and required classes and activities. These classes include aerospace education, Air Force organization, cadet programs, and drug demand reduction. Activities include the classroom courses, physical training, and drill & ceremonies. Encampments are usually held at the wing (state) level and, when available are usually at military installations with military support. [20]

The Region Cadet Leadership Schools (RCLS) provide training to increase knowledge, skills, and attitudes as they pertain to leadership and management. To be eligible to attend, cadets must be serving in, or preparing to enter, cadet leadership positions within their squadron. RCLS’s are conducted at region level, or at wing level with region approval. One variation on this theme are Non-Commissioned Officer Schools and Academies, which are Cadet NCO schools designed to teach basic leadership and principles to cadet leaders during their earlier duty positions in the Cadet Program. [20]

Oath

Cadets ascribe to the following oath during their membership:

I pledge that I will serve faithfully in the Civil Air Patrol Cadet Program, and that I will attend meetings regularly, participate actively in unit activities, obey my officers, wear my uniform properly, and advance my education and training rapidly to prepare myself to be of service to my community, state, and nation. [22]

One requirement for promotion in the Cadet Program is the ability to recite this oath, verbatim, from memory. [20]

A Civil Air Patrol Cessna 182 poses with U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds Number 8 at March Air Reserve Base March 2000 (U.S. Air Force photo)
A Civil Air Patrol Cessna 182 poses with U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds Number 8 at March Air Reserve Base March 2000 (U. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Thunderbirds are the Air Demonstration Squadron of the US For the history and uses of this facility prior to 1993 see March Air Force Base March Joint Air Reserve Base is located in Riverside County S. Air Force photo)

Relationship to the military

CAP members are not subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and therefore do not have command or authority over members of the United States military. The Uniform Code of Military Justice ( UCMJ,,) is the foundation of Military law in the United States. Similarly, military officers have no command authority over CAP members. As part of recognition of CAP's service to the USAF, however, senior members in the grade of Second Lieutenant and above are allowed to wear "U. S. " collar insignia as an official part of their uniform. All CAP members are required to render military courtesies to all members of the US military and those of friendly foreign nations.

Although CAP retains the title "United States Air Force Auxiliary", under Title 10, USC § 9442, this Auxiliary status is only applicable when CAP members and resources are on an Air Force-assigned mission with an Air Force-assigned mission number. At all other times, such as when aiding civilian authorities, the CAP remains a private, non-profit corporation. [28]

The USAF's Air Education and Training Command (AETC), through the Air University, has been the parent command of CAP. Air Education and Training Command ( AETC) was established July 1 1993 with the realignment of Air Training Command and Air University. The United States Air Force Air University (AU is a component of the United States Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command, headquartered at Maxwell Air [29] In October 2002, the USAF announced plans to move CAP into a new office for homeland security. The term homeland security refers to the broad national effort by all levels of government to protect its territory from hazards both internal and external natural and man-made [1] While remaining under the command of the AETC, CAP has a memorandum of understanding with the 1st Air Force. A memorandum of understanding ( MOU or MoU) is a Document describing a Bilateral or multilateral Agreement between parties First Air Force ( 1 AF) / Air Forces North ( AFNORTH) is a numbered air force (NAF in Air Combat Command (ACC and the headquarters for the This memorandum allows each organization to provide the other with mutual assistance. [30]

CAP Cadet Officers in Air Force-style service dress uniforms (2004)
CAP Cadet Officers in Air Force-style service dress uniforms (2004)

Uniforms

In order to be permitted to wear CAP uniforms styled after those of the US Air Force, CAP members must meet appearance standards including height/weight ratio, length of hair, and beards. Since some CAP members do not meet the standards for the Air Force-style uniform, CAP developed a range of "corporate" (or "CAP distinctive") uniforms for wear by senior members. These uniforms are an option available to all senior members, but are the only uniforms available to those who do not meet the grooming standards. [17]

There are over ten uniform combinations. The basic ones worn by most members are:[17]

In March 2006, a number of new "corporate" uniforms were introduced for senior members, with white shirts, Air Force blue trousers and Air Force officer epaulettes without the "CAP" titling. Notably, this uniform has a nameplate that only says "Civil Air Patrol" with the member's last name; there is no mention of "United States Air Force Auxiliary. " At the 2006 National Executive Committee meeting, a matching double-breasted blue service coat was approved, with metal rank insignia and "CAP" collar insignia to match the metal nameplate and CAP buttons. Only CAP ribbons and devices are permitted; prior-service military ribbons and devices are not be authorized for wear on this uniform (unless authorized to be worn on civilian clothing by the awarding authority). The service and flight caps will continue to be worn with CAP-distinctive variations. [31]

Promotions

Senior members can become eligible for promotion to officer grades. After joining, a senior member must complete Level I, which requires completion of the CAP Foundations Course, Cadet Protection Program Training and Operations security Awareness Training (which is required for all CAP members, including cadets). Operations security (OPSEC is a process that identifies critical information to determine if friendly actions can be observed by adversary intelligence systems determines if information [32] Upon completion of this training they are awarded the CAP Membership Award Ribbon and are eligible for promotion to Second Lieutenant after six months. New members between the ages of 18 and 21 are appointed to Flight Officer grades. [18]

After completing the Technician level of a specialty track and one year as a Second Lieutenant, senior members become eligible for promotion to First Lieutenant and receive the Leadership Award Ribbon. After the completion of Squadron Leadership School and the CAP Senior Officer Course, senior members receive the Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. Award for completion of Level II. After 18 months as a First Lieutenant, senior members become eligible for promotion to Captain. [18]

With additional management training and at least three years as a Captain, senior members may receive the Grover Loening Award for completion of Level III. The Grover Loening Award is given to Civil Air Patrol (CAP Senior Members who complete Level III of the Senior Member Professional Development Program This achievement makes them eligible for promotion to Major. Senior members who have completed Level IV training earn the Paul E. Garber Award. The Paul E Garber Award is given to Civil Air Patrol (CAP Senior Members who complete Level IV of the Senior Member Professional Development Program Four years in the rank of Major and the completion of Level IV makes a senior member eligible for promotion to Lieutenant Colonel. Completion of Level V, which requires more management training and teaching experience, earns them the Gill Robb Wilson Award. The Gill Robb Wilson Award is Civil Air Patrol ’s (CAP highest award for Senior Member professional development [18]

Equipment

Civil Air Patrol operates fixed-wing aircraft, training glider, ground vehicles and a national radio communications network. Terminology A "glider" is an unpowered Aircraft. The most common types of glider are today used for sporting purposes

A Civil Air Patrol Gippsland Aeronautics GA-8 "Airvan" on takeoff during a mission following Hurricane Rita in 2005. Note the civilian registration number.(U.S. Air Force photo)
A Civil Air Patrol Gippsland Aeronautics GA-8 "Airvan" on takeoff during a mission following Hurricane Rita in 2005. Note the civilian registration number. (U. S. Air Force photo)

Civil Air Patrol owns and operates a fleet of over 550 single-engine aircraft, predominantly Cessna 172 Skyhawk and Cessna 182 Skylane aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [9][8]

In 2003, the Australian designed and built eight-seat Gippsland GA8 Airvan was added to the corporate fleet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 16 of Civil Air Patrol's fleet of 18 Airvans carry the Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) system, which can be used to search for aircraft wreckage based on its spectral signature. The Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance, also known by the acronym ARCHER, is an aerial imaging system that produces ground images far more detailed Other aircraft types include the Cessna 206 and the Maule MT-235. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout CAP also has a number of gliders, such as the L-23 Super-Blanik, the Schleicher ASK 21 and the Schweizer SGS 2-33, used mainly for cadet orientation flights. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [33][9]

In addition to CAP's own corporate fleet, many member-owned aircraft are made available for official tasking by CAP's volunteers should the need arise. Aircraft on search missions are generally crewed by least three qualified aircrew members: a Mission Pilot, responsible for the safe flying of the aircraft; a Mission Observer, responsible for navigation, communications and coordination of the mission as well as ground observation; and a Mission Scanner who is responsible for looking for crash sites and damage clues. In the Civil Air Patrol the Mission Observer is the aircrew member responsible for coordiating the aspects of a mission Navigation is the process of reading and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another Additionally, the Mission Scanner may double as an SDIS operator. The Satellite Digital Imaging System (SDIS is a simple system composed of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS hardware and custom integration software which allows the operator Larger aircraft may have additional scanners aboard, providing greater visual coverage. Because of the additional ARCHER equipment, the crew of a Civil Air Patrol GA8 Airvan may also include an operator of the ARCHER system, depending upon the requirements of the mission and the capabilities of the aircraft. [8]

CAP owns over 950 vehicles (mostly vans for carrying personnel) and assigns them to units for use in the organization's missions. [8] Members who use their own vehicles are reimbursed for fuel, oil and communications costs during a USAF-assigned emergency services mission.

CAP operates a national radio network of HF (SSB) and VHF (FM) radio repeaters. High frequency (HF radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. Very high frequency (VHF is the Radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and Retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power or onto the other side of an obstruction There are over 500 of these repeaters strategically located across the United States. [9] Radio communications are now facilitated under NTIA specifications, to which Civil Air Patrol directorates have applied even more stringent standards. The National Telecommunications and Information Administration ( NTIA) is an agency of the United States Department of Commerce that serves as the President CAP's radio network is designed for use during a national or regional emergency when existing telephone and Internet communications infrastructure is not available. [34] Outside of such emergencies, most of CAP's internal communications are conducted on the Internet. CAP frequencies and specific repeater locations are designated by the Department of Defense as Unclassified - For Official Use Only information, and as such may only be released to those individuals who have a recognized "need-to-know. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Sensitive But Unclassified ( SBU) is a designation of information in the United States Federal Government that though unclassified often requires strict controls "

Some aircraft in the CAP fleet are equipped with the Satellite Digital Imaging System (SDIS). The Satellite Digital Imaging System (SDIS is a simple system composed of Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS hardware and custom integration software which allows the operator This system allows CAP to send back real-time images of a disaster or crash site to anyone with an e-mail address, allowing the mission coordinators to make more informed decisions. There are approximately 100 federally funded SDIS systems strategically located across the United States, with more than 20 additional systems funded by state and local governments. [35]

The Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance (ARCHER) imaging system, mounted aboard the GA8 Airvan, uses visible and near-infrared light to examine the surface of the Earth and find suspected crash sites, evaluate areas affected by disasters, or examine foliage from an airborne perspective in order to flag possible marijuana plantations. The Airborne Real-time Cueing Hyperspectral Enhanced Reconnaissance, also known by the acronym ARCHER, is an aerial imaging system that produces ground images far more detailed WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a Both the SDIS and ARCHER systems were used to great success in the response to Hurricane Katrina; ARCHER may be used in coordination with the SDIS system. Hurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest hurricane, as well as one of the five deadliest in the history of the United States [36]

A hand-held radio direction finder, the L-Tronics Little L-Per, is used by ground teams to search for downed aircraft. L-Tronics is a company based in Santa Barbara, California that specializes in the design and manufacture of Direction finding (DF equipment for Search The ground teams carry equipment on their person that they use while in the field. This equipment includes flashlights, signal mirrors, tactical vests, safety vests, and food that will last them at least 24 hours.

Administration

Civil Air Patrol MAJCOM shield
Civil Air Patrol MAJCOM shield

Organization

Civil Air Patrol is organized along a military model, with a streamlined and strictly hierarchical chain of command. In a Military context the chain of command is the line of authority and responsibility along which orders are passed within a Military unit and between different There are seven distinct echelons in this structure, although not all are used at all times.

Civil Air Patrol is headed by a National Commander, currently Brigadier General Amy S. Courter. The organization is governed by a Board of Governors, established by federal law in 2001 and consisting of 11 members: four Civil Air Patrol members (currently the National Commander, National Vice Commander, and two members-at-large appointed by the CAP National Executive Committee), four Air Force representatives appointed by the Secretary of the Air Force, and three members from the aviation community jointly appointed by the CAP National Commander and the Secretary of the Air Force. The Secretary of the Air Force ( SECAF) is the civilian head of the United States Department of the Air Force, a component organization of the Department The Board of Governors generally meets two or three times annually and primarily provides strategic vision and guidance to the volunteer leadership and corporate staff. [37] The volunteer leadership consists of the National Commander and his staff, comprising a Vice Commander, Chief of Staff, National Legal Officer, National Comptroller, the Chief of the CAP Chaplain Service, and the CAP Inspector General. The National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol is an Elected Position within the Civil Air Patrol. A comptroller or controller (kənˈtroʊlər ˈkɑmˌtroʊ- also financial controller, abrv A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of In a civilian or military administration an Inspector General is a high ranking official charged with the mission to inspect and report on some bodies in their field of competency The National Commander holds the grade of CAP Major General; the National Vice Commander holds the grade of CAP Brigadier General. The rest of the National Commander's staff hold the grade of CAP Colonel. [8]

CAP National Headquarters is located at Maxwell Air Force Base outside Montgomery, Alabama. Maxwell Air Force Base, officially known as Maxwell-Gunter Air Force Base, is a United States Air Force (USAF installation under the Air Education and Training Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U The headquarters employs a professional staff of over 100 and is led by the CAP Executive Director (analogous to a corporate Chief Operating Officer), who reports to the Board of Governors. A chief operating officer or chief operations officer ( COO) is a Corporate officer responsible for managing the day-to-day activities of the Corporation The National Headquarters staff provides program management for the organization and membership support for the 1,700+ volunteer field units across the country. [8]

Below the National Headquarters level there are eight geographic Regions and a handful of overseas squadrons at various military installations worldwide. Each region, commanded by a CAP Colonel, encompasses several state-wide organizations or 'Wings'. The eight regions are 'Northeast', 'Middle East', 'Southeast', 'Great Lakes', 'Southwest', 'North Central', 'Rocky Mountain' and 'Pacific'. [8][29]

The CAP units in each of the fifty states, and Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia, are co-ordinated by the CAP Wing for that state; each Wing has a commander who is a CAP Colonel and the sole corporate officer for each state. Each wing commander oversees a wing headquarters staff made up of experienced volunteer members. Larger Wings may have an optional subordinate echelon of "Group", at the discretion of the Wing Commander. Each Group encompasses at least five squadrons or flights. [8][29]

Brigadier General Amy S. Courter, current interim National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol.
Brigadier General Amy S. Courter, current interim National Commander of the Civil Air Patrol.

Local units are called squadrons or flights; the latter normally reserved for smaller units. Squadrons are the main functioning body of Civil Air Patrol. Civil Air Patrol squadrons are designated as either cadet, senior, or composite squadrons. A CAP composite squadron consists of both cadets and senior members, who may be involved in any of the three missions of Civil Air Patrol. Composite squadrons have two deputy commanders to assist the squadron commander: a Deputy Commander for Seniors and a Deputy Commander for Cadets. A senior squadron includes only senior members, who participate in the emergency services or aerospace education missions of Civil Air Patrol. A cadet squadron is largely made up of cadets, with a small number of senior members as necessary for supervision of cadets and the proper execution of the cadet program. [8][29] Overseas squadrons operate independently of this structure, reporting directly to the National Headquarters. [38]

A CAP flight is a semi-independent unit that is used mainly as a stepping-stone for a new unit until they are large enough to be designated a squadron. Due to their transitory nature, there are very few flights within the CAP structure at any one time. A flight will be assigned to a squadron 'parent', and it is the job of the flight and squadron commanders to work together to build the flight into a full and independent squadron.

Civil Air Patrol-United States Air Force (CAP-USAF) is a small active duty unit that operates under the joint jurisdiction of CAP National Headquarters and the USAF Air University. Approximately 350 active duty, reserve, and civilian Air Force personnel (all of whom are CAP members), 22 of whom are stationed at National Headquarters, staff CAP-USAF. These members advise, assist, and oversee Civil Air Patrol's operations and provide liaison between CAP and the USAF. The current commander of CAP-USAF is USAF Colonel Russell D. Hodgkins, Jr. . [39]

Funding

Civil Air Patrol is a non-profit corporation established by Public Law 79-476. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Public Law 79-476 ( was passed by the US Congress in 1946. The Civil Air Patrol, the auxiliary of the United States Air Force, was to be "solely It receives its funding from four major sources: membership dues, corporate donations, Congressional appropriations, and private donations. A donation is a gift given typically to a cause or/and for charitable purposes

Today, apart from member dues, Civil Air Patrol receives funding from donations and grants from individuals, foundations and corporations; from grants and payments from state governments for patrolling and other tasks as agreed by Memorandums of Understanding; and from federal funding for reimbursement of fuel, oil and maintenance plus capital expenses for aircraft, vehicles and communications equipment.

There are very few paid positions in Civil Air Patrol. Most are located at National Headquarters, but a few wings have paid administrators or accountants. [40]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b c Civil Air Patrol. Awards and decorations of the Civil Air Patrol are decorations issued by the Civil Air Patrol of the United States of America for a variety of accomplishment Explorer Search and Rescue (ESAR are teams of Explorers in the Learning for Life program of the Boy Scouts of America who are trained and deployed for US-HERO is a volunteer organization providing qualified Search and rescue and Disaster relief services to local state and federal agencies The United States Search And Rescue Task Force is a voluntary organization located in the north east United States devoted to Search and Rescue and Disaster Relief GlobalSecurity.org. GlobalSecurityorg, launched in 2000 is a Public policy organization whose mission is to be a reliable source of background information and developing News stories Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.  “With the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, the decision was made in 2002 for the Air Force to move CAP from its operations directorate to the homeland security directorate. . . ”
  2. ^ History of Civil Air Patrol (PDF). Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
  3. ^ SAR Agencies. United States Air Force. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of  “. . . CAP willingly and effectively conducts approximately three-fourths of all aerial search activity in the inland area. ”
  4. ^ a b c d Emergency Services. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2006-05-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  5. ^ Sheridan, Mary Beth. "Civilian Pilots Provide Target Practice", The Washington Post, 2007-01-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.  
  6. ^ Memorandum of Understanding Between the United States Coast Guard Auxiliary, the United States Coast Guard, the Civil Air Patrol, and the Civil Air Patrol-United States Air Force. Civil Air Patrol and The United States Coast Guard Auxiliary (2001-08-31). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  7. ^ Memorandum of Understanding Between the Civil Air Patrol and The Salvation Army Relating to Participation in Disaster Assistance. Civil Air Patrol and The Salvation Army (2002-05-07). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Civil Air Patrol. United States Air Force (2006-06). Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
  9. ^ a b c d AFNORTH Air Support Handbook (AFD-070808-022). Defense Support to Civil Authorities (DSCA) Handbook p. 46–53. United States Air Force (2007-08-01). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Archived from the original on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz
  10. ^ Info for Pilots. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-04-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule
  11. ^ a b c d Aerospace Education. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2006-05-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  12. ^ 36 USC Chapter 403 - Civil Air Patrol (TXT). Office of the Law Revision Counsel. United States House of Representatives (2006-01-02). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Retrieved on 2008-05-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
  13. ^ Baker, Dean. "Civil Air Patrol aims to serve, save lives", The Columbian via The Seattle Times, 2007-12-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Retrieved on 2007-12-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the  
  14. ^ Civil Air Patrol Membership. Civil Air Patrol (2005-10-01). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  15. ^ CAP Motto. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  16. ^ CAP Core Values. Civil AIr Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  17. ^ a b c CAP Uniform Manual (PDF). Civil Air Patrol (2005-03-25). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Retrieved on 2008-04-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
  18. ^ a b c d CAP Officer and Noncommissioned Officer Appointments and Promotions. Civil Air Patrol (2004-08-21). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  19. ^ a b CAP Senior Member Professional Development Program (PDF). Civil Air Patrol (2003-03-01). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant
  20. ^ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CAPR52-16
  21. ^ Encampment Training Manual (PDF) p. 7. New York Wing (2002-03-01). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of  “The Cadet Commander (C/CC) is responsible for the implementation and conduct of the encampment program. ”
  22. ^ a b Cadets. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2006-05-22. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  23. ^ 106th Congress, 2D Session (2000-04-06). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Recruiting, Retention, and Reservist Promotion Act of 2000 (H.R. 4208). US Government Printing Office. The Government Printing Office (GPO is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government. Retrieved on 2007-10-18
  24. ^ Master Spaatz Award Recipient List. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid The Spaatz Association (2008-03-16). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  25. ^ Brig Gen Billy Mitchell Award. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  26. ^ Percentage of cadets earning Mitchell, Earhart, Eaker and Spaatz. CAP Knowledgebase. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  27. ^ Cadet Orientation Flight Syllabus. Civil Air Patrol (2007-05-01). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  28. ^ 10 USC Chapter 909 - Civil Air Patrol (TXT). Office of the Law Revision Counsel. United States House of Representatives (2007-01-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  29. ^ a b c d Organizational Structure (PDF). Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-04-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I.
  30. ^ Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among Headquarters First Air Force, Tyndall AFB, Florida, and Headquarters, Civil Air Patrol... (PDF). Civil Air Patrol and the United States Air Force (2004-10-01). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
  31. ^ CAP/CC Letter, Change to CAPM 39-1 (PDF). Civil Air Patrol (2008-01-25). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
  32. ^ New Operations Security (OPSEC) Requirements (PDF). Civil Air Patrol (2007-12-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
  33. ^ The Airplanes — Today. The National Museum of the Civil Air Patrol. CAP Historical Foundation. Retrieved on 2008-05-13. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
  34. ^ Radios and Radio Network. Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
  35. ^ CAP SDIS Fact Sheet (PDF). United States Air Force (September 2007). Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
  36. ^ ARCHER HSI System. Space Computer Corporation. Archived from the original on 2007-09-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz  “CAP has found many additional uses for ARCHER, including missions for homeland security, disaster assessment, and drug interdiction. ”
  37. ^ Board of Governors of the Civil Air Patrol. United States Air Force (2001-02-27). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  38. ^ Overseas Cadet Squadrons. Civil Air Patrol (1998-10-15). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Retrieved on 2008-05-11. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
  39. ^ Civil Air Patrol — United States Air Force Home Page. United States Air Force. Retrieved on 2008-05-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
  40. ^ "Civil Air Patrol Corporate Employment", Civil Air Patrol. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of  

References

External links

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