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For other uses, see Citrus (disambiguation).
Citrus
Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata cultivar)
Mandarin Orange (Citrus reticulata cultivar)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Magnoliopsida
Subclass: Rosidae
(unranked) Eurosids I
Order: Sapindales
Family: Rutaceae
Subfamily: Aurantioideae
Tribe: Citreae
Genus: Citrus
L.
Species and hybrids

Important species:

Important hybrids:

See also below for other species and hybrids. The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN Rosidae is a Botanical name at the rank of subclass. In the APG II system for the classification of the Angiosperms the name rosids refers to a Clade, meaning a Monophyletic group of plants Sapindales (pronounced /sæpɪn'deɪliz/ last two syllables just like the word dailies ''Webster's Third New International Dictionary'' p Rutaceae, commonly known as the Rue or Citrus family is a family of Plants usually placed in the order Sapindales. Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. The Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia or Christmas Swingle is a Citrus Species with a globose fruit 2 The pomelo (or Chinese grapefruit pummelo pommelo Lusho Fruit jabong shaddock) Citrus maxima ( The citron is a fragrant fruit with the botanical name Citrus medica L The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. The tangerine ( Citrus reticulata) is an orange - or red -colored Citrus Fruit. For the fruit known as "Chinese Bitter Orange" see Trifoliate orange. Persian Lime ( Citrus x latifolia) also known as Tahiti lime or Bearss lime, is a Citrus fruit grown commercially in the U The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Rangpurs, also known as lemanderins, are a hybrid between the Mandarin orange and the Lemon. The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn

Synonyms

Eremocitrus
Microcitrus
and see text

Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast Asia. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Rutaceae, commonly known as the Rue or Citrus family is a family of Plants usually placed in the order Sapindales. The word citrus is derived from the Ancient Greek kedros or its Latin derivate cedrus, names applied by the ancient Greeks and Romans to several different trees with fragrant foliage or wood (compare the completely unrelated cedars)[1]. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Cedar ( Cedrus) is a genus of Coniferous Trees in the Plant family Pinaceae. The taxonomy and systematics of the genus are complex and the precise number of natural species is unclear, as many of the named species are clonally-propagated hybrids, and there is genetic evidence that even some wild, true-breeding species are of hybrid origin[2]. Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification The word comes from the Greek, taxis (meaning 'order' 'arrangement' and, nomos Biological systematics is the study of the diversity of Life on the planet Earth both past and present and the relationships among living things through time In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Cultivated Citrus may be derived from as few as four ancestral species. Natural and cultivated origin hybrids include commercially important fruit such as the oranges, grapefruit, lemons, some limes, and some tangerines. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow The tangerine ( Citrus reticulata) is an orange - or red -colored Citrus Fruit.

Recent research has suggested that the closely related genus Fortunella (kumquats), and perhaps also Poncirus and the Australian Microcitrus and Eremocitrus, should be included in Citrus. The kumquats or cumquats are a group of small fruit-bearing Trees in the genus Fortunella related to the Citrus in the Flowering Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliata, syn Citrus trifoliata) is a member of the family Rutaceae, closely related to Citrus In fact, most botanists now classify Microcitrus and Eremocitrus as part of the genus Citrus. [3]

Contents

Description

Slices of various citrus fruits
Slices of various citrus fruits

These plants are large shrubs or small trees, reaching 5–15 m tall, with spiny shoots and alternately arranged evergreen leaves with an entire margin. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or Spines are leaves that have been modified into cylindrical hard structures with sharp ends In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The flowers are solitary or in small corymbs, each flower 2–4 cm diameter, with five (rarely four) white petals and numerous stamens; they are often very strongly scented. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also A panicle is a compound Raceme, a loose much-branched indeterminate Inflorescence with pedicellate Flowers (and Fruit The fruit is a hesperidium, a specialised berry, globose to elongated, 4–30 cm long and 4–20 cm diameter, with a leathery rind surrounding segments or "liths" filled with pulp vesicles. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. A hesperidium (plural hesperidia) is a modified Berry with a tough leathery rind The genus is commercially important as many species are cultivated for their fruit, which is eaten fresh or pressed for juice. JUICE is a widely used non-commercial Software package for editing and analysing phytosociological data

Citrus fruits are notable for their fragrance, partly due to flavonoids and limonoids (which in turn are terpenes) contained in the rind, and most are juice-laden. The term flavonoid (or bioflavonoid refers to a class of Plant Secondary metabolites According to the IUPAC nomenclature they can be classified into Limonoids are Phytochemicals, abundant in Citrus fruit and other plants of the classes Rutaceae and Meliaceae. Terpenes are a large and varied class of Hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants particularly Conifers though also by some insects such The juice contains a high quantity of citric acid giving them their characteristic sharp flavour. Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks They are also good sources of vitamin C and flavonoids. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian The term flavonoid (or bioflavonoid refers to a class of Plant Secondary metabolites According to the IUPAC nomenclature they can be classified into

Cultivation

Further information: Citrus production
Persian Limes in a grocery store.
Persian Limes in a grocery store. Citrus fruits are the highest value fruit crop in terms of international trade Persian Lime ( Citrus x latifolia) also known as Tahiti lime or Bearss lime, is a Citrus fruit grown commercially in the U

Citrus trees hybridise very readily - depending on the pollen source, plants grown from a Persian Lime's seeds can produce fruit similar to grapefruit. In Biology, hybrid has two meanings The first meaning is the result of interbreeding between two animals or plants of different taxa. Pollen is a fine to coarse powder consisting of microgametophytes ( pollen grains) which produce the male Gametes (sperm cells of Persian Lime ( Citrus x latifolia) also known as Tahiti lime or Bearss lime, is a Citrus fruit grown commercially in the U Thus all commercial citrus cultivation uses trees produced by grafting the desired fruiting cultivars onto rootstocks selected for disease resistance and hardiness. Grafting is a method of asexual Plant propagation widely used in Agriculture and Horticulture where the tissues of one Plant are encouraged to A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar

The colour of citrus fruits only develops in climates with a (diurnal) cool winter. In tropical regions with no winter, citrus fruits remain green until maturity, hence the tropical "green oranges". The Persian Lime in particular is extremely sensitive to cool conditions, thus it is usually never exposed to cool enough conditions to develop a mature colour. Persian Lime ( Citrus x latifolia) also known as Tahiti lime or Bearss lime, is a Citrus fruit grown commercially in the U If they are left in a cool place over winter, the fruits will actually change to a yellow colour. Many citrus fruits are picked while still green, and ripened while in transit to supermarkets.

Citrus trees are not generally frost hardy. Mandarin Oranges (C. The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. reticulata) tend to be the hardiest of the common Citrus species and can withstand short periods down to as cold as −10 °C, but realistically temperatures not falling below −2 °C are required for successful cultivation. Tangerines, tangors and yuzu can be grown outside even in regions with more marked sub-zero degrees in winter, although this may affect fruit quality. The yuzu ( Citrus ichangensis x C reticulata, formerly C junos Siebold ex A few hardy hybrids can withstand temperatures well below freezing, but do not produce quality fruit. Lemons can be commercially grown in cooler-summer/moderate-winter coastal Southern California, because sweetness is neither attained nor expected in retail lemon fruit. The related Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata) can survive below −20 °C; its fruit are astringent and inedible unless cooked but a few better-tasting cultivars and hybrids have been developed (see citranges). Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliata, syn Citrus trifoliata) is a member of the family Rutaceae, closely related to Citrus The citrange ( Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) is a hybrid of the sweet orange and the Trifoliate orange.

The trees do best in a consistently sunny, humid environment with fertile soil and adequate rainfall or irrigation. Older 'abandoned' Citrus in low valleyland may suffer, yet survive, the dry summer of Central California's Inner Coast Ranges. At any age Citrus grows well enough with infrequent irrigation in partial/understory shade, but the fruit crop is smaller. Though broadleaved, they are evergreen and do not drop leaves except when stressed. The stems of many varieties have large sharp thorns. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. Spines are leaves that have been modified into cylindrical hard structures with sharp ends The trees flower in the spring, and fruit is set shortly afterward. Fruit begins to ripen in fall or early winter months, depending on cultivar, and develops increasing sweetness afterward. Some cultivars of tangerines ripen by winter. Some, such as the grapefruit, may take up to eighteen months to ripen.

Major commercial citrus growing areas include southern China, the Mediterranean Basin (including southern Spain), South Africa, Australia, the southernmost United States, and parts of South America. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Mediterranean Basin refers to the lands around and surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a In the U.S., Florida, California, Arizona, and Texas are major producers, while smaller plantings are present in other Sun Belt states. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the South and Southwest (the geographic southern United States

As ornamental plants

Citrus trees grown in tubs and wintered under cover were a feature of Renaissance gardens, once glass-making technology enabled sufficient expanses of clear glass to be produced. This entry concerns the history of ornamental gardening considered as an amenity of civilized life as a vehicle for style for conspicuous show and even an expression of philosophy An orangery was a feature of royal and aristocratic residences through the 17th and 18th centuries. An Orangery was a building frequently found in the grounds of fashionable residences from the 17th to the 19th century and given a classicising architectural form The Orangerie at the Palace of the Louvre, 1617, inspired imitations that were not eclipsed until the development of the modern greenhouse in the 1840s. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France In the United States the earliest surviving orangery is at the Tayloe House, Mount Airy, Virginia. Mount Airy, near Warsaw in Richmond County Virginia, is a mid-Georgian plantation house, the first built in the manner of a Neo-Palladian George Washington had an orangery at Mount Vernon. This is about the George Washington residence For other uses see Mount Vernon (disambiguation.

Some modern hobbyists still grow dwarf citrus in containers or greenhouses in areas where it is too cold to grow it outdoors. Consistent climate, sufficient sunlight, and proper watering are crucial if the trees are to thrive and produce fruit. Compared to many of the usual "green shrubs", citrus trees better tolerate poor container care. For cooler winter areas, limes and lemons should not be grown, since they are more sensitive to winter cold than other citrus fruits. Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Hybrids with kumquats (× Citrofortunella) have good cold resistance. The kumquats or cumquats are a group of small fruit-bearing Trees in the genus Fortunella related to the Citrus in the Flowering × Citrofortunella is the term for a group of plants that are a hybrid between plants of the Genus Citrus with Kumquats (genus

Pests and diseases

Main article: List of citrus diseases

Citrus plants are very liable to infestation by aphids, whitefly and scale insects (e. This article is a list of diseases in citrus plants. Bacterial diseases Fungal diseases Alternaria tenuis The whiteflies, comprising only the family Aleyrodidae, are small Homopterans More than 1550 species have been described The scale insects are small Insects of the order Hemiptera, generally classified as the Superfamily Coccoidea. g. California red scale). Also rather important are the viral infections to which some of these ectoparasites serve as vectors such as the aphid-transmitted Citrus tristeza virus which when unchecked by proper methods of control is devastating to citrine plantations. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species. In Epidemiology, a vector is an Organism that does not cause Disease itself but which transmits Infection by conveying Pathogens from Citrus tristeza virus ( CTV) is a viral species of the Closterovirus genus that causes the most economically damaging disease to its namesake plant genus

European brown snails (Helix aspersa) can be a problem in California, though laying female Khaki Campbell and other Mallard-based ducks can be used for control. Helix aspersa, Common name the garden snail; has two recent synonyms Cornu aspersum and Cantareus aspersus A Khaki Campbell (or just Campbell) is a breed of Domesticated duck kept for its high level of egg production The Mallard ( Anas platyrhynchos) probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks is a Dabbling duck which breeds throughout the Temperate For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation.

The foliage is also used as a food plant by the larvae of Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species such as the Geometridae Hemithea aestivaria (Common Emerald) and Gymnoscelis rufifasciata (Double-striped Pug), or the Arctiidae Hypercompe scribonia (Giant Leopard Moth), H. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. The geometer moths or Geometridae are a family of the order Lepidoptera. The Common Emerald (Hemithea aestivaria is a Moth of the family Geometridae. The Double-striped Pug (Gymnoscelis rufifasciata is a Moth of the family Geometridae. Arctiidae is a large and diverse family of Moths with around 11000 species found all over the world with 6000 Neotropical species (Scoble 1995 The Giant Leopard Moth or Eyed Tiger Moth ( Hypercompe scribonia) is a Moth of the family Arctiidae. eridanus, H. icasia and H. indecisa.

Production

Top Ten Citrus Producers — 2005
Country Production (Int $1000) Footnote Production (MT) Footnote
Flag of Nigeria Nigeria 1,167,400 C 3,250,000 F
Flag of the People's Republic of China People's Republic of China 387,936 C 1,135,000 F
Flag of Guinea Guinea 75,432 C 210,000 F
Flag of Syria Syria 71,840 C 200,000 F
Flag of Japan Japan 64,656 C 180,000 F
Flag of Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia 50,288 C 140,000 F
Flag of Kenya Kenya 46,696 C 130,000 F
Flag of India India 31,610 C 88,000 F
Flag of Sierra Leone Sierra Leone 30,532 C 85,000 F
Flag of Angola Angola 28,018 C 78,000 F
No symbol = official figure,F = FAO estimate, * = Unofficial figure, C = Calculated figure;

Production in Int $1000 have been calculated based on 1999-2001 international prices
Source: Food And Agricultural Organization of United Nations: Economic And Social Department: The Statistical Devision


Uses

Culinary

Slices of pink grapefruit, lime, lemon and orange (clockwise from top)
Slices of pink grapefruit, lime, lemon and orange (clockwise from top)

Many citrus fruits, such as oranges, tangerines, grapefruits, and clementines, are generally eaten fresh. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn The tangerine ( Citrus reticulata) is an orange - or red -colored Citrus Fruit. The grapefruit is a subtropical Citrus Tree grown for its Fruit which was originally named the "forbidden fruit " of Barbados A clementine is the Fruit of a variety of Mandarin orange ( Citrus reticulata) named in 1902 They are typically peeled and can be easily split into segments. Grapefruit is more commonly halved and eaten out of the skin with a spoon. There are special spoons (grapefruit spoons) with serrated tips designed for this purpose. grapefruit spoon is usually similar in design to a Teaspoon with a serrated front edge the intent of the serrations being to separate the Grapefruit from Orange and grapefruit juices are also very popular breakfast beverages. Breakfast is the first meal of the day The word derives from the idea of break ing the '''fast''' of sleep More astringent citrus, such as lemons and limes are generally not eaten on their own. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Lime is a term referring to a number of different fruits (generally Citruses, both Species and hybrids, which are typically round green to yellow Meyer Lemons can be eaten 'out of hand' with the fragant skin; they are both sweet and sour. The Meyer lemon ( Citrus × meyeri) is a Citrus fruit native to China, thought to be a cross between a true Lemon and a Mandarin orange Lemonade or limeade are popular beverages prepared by diluting the juices of these fruits and adding sugar. Lemonade is a Lemon -flavored Soft drink. The term can refer to two different types of beverage In the U Limeade (sometimes called Lime-en-ade is a beverage similar to Lemonade, but is made with lime juice or lime flavor(s instead Lemons and limes are also used as garnishes or in cooked dishes. Their juice is used as an ingredient in a variety of dishes; it can commonly be found in salad dressings and squeezed over cooked meat or vegetables. A variety of flavours can be derived from different parts and treatments of citrus fruits. The rind and oil of the fruit is generally very bitter, especially when cooked. Peel, also known as rind or skin, is the outer protective layer of a Fruit or Vegetable which could be peeled off An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile The fruit pulp can vary from sweet and tart to extremely sour. Marmalade, a condiment derived from cooked orange and lemon, can be especially bitter. British-style marmalade is a sweet preserve with a bitter tang made from Fruit, Sugar, water and (in some commercial brands a Gelling agent Lemon or lime is commonly used as a garnish for water, soft drinks, or cocktails. For other uses see Garnish (disambiguation Garnish is a substance used primarily as an embellishment or decoration to a prepared food or drink Citrus juices, rinds, or slices are used in a variety of mixed drinks. The colourful outer skin of some citrus fruits, known as zest, is used as a flavouring in cooking; the white inner portion of the peel, the pith, is usually avoided due to its bitterness. Zest is the outer colorful skin of citrus fruit, known botanically as the Exocarp. The zest of a citrus fruit, typically lemon or an orange, can also be soaked in water in a coffee filter, and drunk. A coffee filter is a Coffee -brewing utensil, usually made of disposable paper but recently Stainless steel.

Medical

Citrus juice also has medical uses; lemon juice is used to relieve the pain of bee stings. A bee sting strictly means a sting from a Bee ( Honey bee, Bumblebee, Sweat bee etc The orange is also used in vitamin C pills, which prevents scurvy. Vitamin C or L-ascorbate is an Essential nutrient for a large number of higher primate species a small number of other Mammalian In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals encapsulation refers to a range of techniques used to enclose medicines in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them Scurvy (NLat scorbutus is a disease resulting from a deficiency of Vitamin C, which is required for the synthesis of Collagen in humans Scurvy is caused by vitamin C deficiency, and can be prevented by having 10 milligrams of vitamin C a day. An early sign of scurvy is fatigue. If ignored, later symptoms are bleeding and bruising easily. After consumption, the peel is sometimes used as a facial cleanser. Before the development of fermentation-based processes, lemons were the primary commercial source of citric acid. Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks

List of citrus fruits

Citrons for sale in Germany.
Citrons for sale in Germany. The citron is a fragrant fruit with the botanical name Citrus medica L Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Red Finger Lime, a rare delicacy from Australia.
Red Finger Lime, a rare delicacy from Australia. The Finger Lime plant Citrus australasica (formerly Microcitrus australasica) is a thorny Understorey Shrub of the lowland subtropical For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
Sweetie or Oroblanco.
Sweetie or Oroblanco. An oroblanco or sweetie ( Citrus grandis Osbeck × C paradisi Macf
Clementines have thinner skins than oranges.
Clementines have thinner skins than oranges. A clementine is the Fruit of a variety of Mandarin orange ( Citrus reticulata) named in 1902
Mikan, also known as satsumas.
Mikan, also known as satsumas. Citrus unshiu is a seedless and easy-peeling Citrus Mutant of Chinese origin but introduced to the West via Japan
Sweet oranges are used in many foods.
Sweet oranges are used in many foods. An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn
A batch of kaffir limes.
A batch of kaffir limes. The kaffir lime ( Citrus hystrix DC, Rutaceae) also known as kieffer lime and limau purut is a type of lime native to Indonesia
Lemons, whole and in sections.
Lemons, whole and in sections. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants

The genus Citrus has been suggested to originate in Southeast Asia. Prior to human cultivation, it consisted of just a few species:

and 3 other Microcitrus

Hybrids and cultivars

Sorted by parentage. Papeda is a subgenus of the genus Citrus, including the Ichang Lemon, the Yuzu and all wild and uncultivated types The Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia or Christmas Swingle is a Citrus Species with a globose fruit 2 The Key lime ( Citrus aurantifolia or Christmas Swingle is a Citrus Species with a globose fruit 2 India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast The pomelo (or Chinese grapefruit pummelo pommelo Lusho Fruit jabong shaddock) Citrus maxima ( The pomelo (or Chinese grapefruit pummelo pommelo Lusho Fruit jabong shaddock) Citrus maxima ( The Malay Archipelago is a name given to the Archipelago located between mainland Southeastern Asia ( Indochina) and Australia. The citron is a fragrant fruit with the botanical name Citrus medica L The citron is a fragrant fruit with the botanical name Citrus medica L India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. The Mandarin orange or mandarin (or mandarine) is a small Citrus tree ( Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Australian lime refers to six small Citrus species known as lime native to the continent of Australia. The Finger Lime plant Citrus australasica (formerly Microcitrus australasica) is a thorny Understorey Shrub of the lowland subtropical The Finger Lime plant Citrus australasica (formerly Microcitrus australasica) is a thorny Understorey Shrub of the lowland subtropical Round lime ( Citrus australis) also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m Round lime ( Citrus australis) also known as Australian lime or Australian round lime, is a large shrub or small tree of a height of up to 12m Citrus glauca (formerly Eremocitrus glauca) is also known as Desert Lime. Citrus glauca (formerly Eremocitrus glauca) is also known as Desert Lime. As each is the product of (at least) two parent species, they are listed mutliple times.

For hybrids with kumquats, see × Citrofortunella. The iyokan (伊予柑 also known as anadomikan (穴門みかん is a Japanese Citrus fruit is a juicy green citrus fruit closely related to the Yuzu with the sharpness of lemon used instead of vinegar in some Japanese dishes The kaffir lime ( Citrus hystrix DC, Rutaceae) also known as kieffer lime and limau purut is a type of lime native to Indonesia The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants Citrus limetta is a species of Citrus. Common names for varieties of this species include sweet limetta, Mediterranean sweet lemon, Persian Lime ( Citrus x latifolia) also known as Tahiti lime or Bearss lime, is a Citrus fruit grown commercially in the U Shekwasha ( Citrus × depressa, formerly C pectinifera, Okinawan シークヮーサー or シークァーサー shīkwāsā, Sudachi ( Citrus sudachi; Japanese: スダチ or 酢[[wikt 橘|橘]] is a small round green Citrus fruit that is relatively unknown outside The kumquats or cumquats are a group of small fruit-bearing Trees in the genus Fortunella related to the Citrus in the Flowering × Citrofortunella is the term for a group of plants that are a hybrid between plants of the Genus Citrus with Kumquats (genus For hybrids with the Trifoliate Orange, see citrange. Trifoliate Orange ( Poncirus trifoliata, syn Citrus trifoliata) is a member of the family Rutaceae, closely related to Citrus The citrange ( Citrus sinensis x Poncirus trifoliata) is a hybrid of the sweet orange and the Trifoliate orange.

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Andrews (1961)
  2. ^ Nicolosi et al. A number of Citrus Fruits are grown in or strongly associated with Japan. (2000)
  3. ^ Nicolosi et al. (2000), Freitas de Araújo et al. (2003)

References

External links

Dictionary

citrus

-noun

  1. Any of several shrubs or trees of the family Rutaceae.
  2. The fruit of such plants, generally spherical, oblate, or prolate, consisting of an outer glandular skin called zest, an inner white skin, and generally between 8 and 16 sectors filled with pulp consisting of cells with one end attached to the inner skin. Citrus fruits include orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime, and citron.

-adjective

  1. Of, or relating to citrus plants or fruit.
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