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Citizen journalism, also known as public or participatory journalism, is the act of citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing and disseminating news and information," according to the seminal report We Media: How Audiences are Shaping the Future of News and Information, by Shayne Bowman and Chris Willis. Journalism is the profession of writing or communicating formally employed by publications and broadcasters for the benefit of a particular Community of people Professional journalism is a form of news reporting which developed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century along with formal schools of journalism News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Reportage sometimes refers to the total body of media coverage of a particular topic or event including news reporting and analysis " the extensive reportage of recent News style (also journalistic style or news writing) is the particular Prose style used for News reporting (ie Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of Ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional Journalists Historically Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. News values, sometimes called "news criteria" determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet and the attention it is given by the audience In Journalism, a source is a person publication or other record or document that gives information Editorial independence is the freedom of editors to make decisions without interference from the owners of a publication A journalism school is a School or department usually part of an established University, where Journalists are trained List of Journalism topics This page aims to list all topics related to the field of Journalism. Arts journalism is a branch of Journalism concerned with the reporting and discussion of the arts Business journalism is the branch of journalism that tracks records analyses and interprets the economic changes that take place in a society Entertainment journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all forms of Journalism that focus on the Entertainment business and its products Environmental journalism is the collection verification production distribution and exhibition of information regarding current events trends issues and people that are associated Fashion journalism is an umbrella term used to describe all aspects of published Fashion media Political journalism is a broad branch of Journalism that includes coverage of all aspects of Politics and Political science, although the term usually Science journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Science topics to a public forum Sports journalism is a form of Journalism that reports on Sports topics and events While the sports department within some Newspapers has been Tech journalism is a relatively new branch of Journalism, which uses the art of Reporting to convey information about Tech topics to a public forum Trade journalism reports on the movements and developments of the Business world by way of articles or analysis A traffic report is an element of a Radio program or TV news broadcast that informs listeners about general traffic conditions Weather forecasting is the application of science and technology to predict the state of the atmosphere for a future time and a given location Advocacy journalism is a Genre of Journalism that intentionally and transparently adopts a non-objective viewpoint usually for some social The civic journalism movement (also known as public journalism is according to professor David K Community journalism is locally oriented coverage that typically focuses on city neighborhoods or individual suburbs rather than metropolitan state national or world news "Gonzo" redirects here For other uses see Gonzo (disambiguation Gonzo journalism is a style of Journalism which is written Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal Docufiction (often understood as Docudrama) is a Neologism which refers to a cinematographic work in a Genre mixing Fiction and Narrative journalism is the interpretation of a story and the way in which the journalist portrays it be it fictional or non-fictional New Journalism was a style of 1960s and 1970s News writing and Journalism which used literary techniques deemed unconventional at the time Opinion journalism is Journalism that makes no claim of objectivity. Visual journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information Watchdog journalism refers to forms of Activist journalism aimed at holding accountable public personalities and institutions whose functions impact social and political life The term Fourth Estate refers to the press, both in its explicit capacity of advocacy and in its implicit ability to frame political issues Fifth Estate is any class or group in society other than the Clergy ( First Estate) the Nobility ( Second Estate) the Commoners ( Freedom Constitutional or statutory protections pertaining to freedom of the press Infotainment (a Portmanteau of information and entertainment refers to a general type of media broadcast program which provides a combination of current Media bias in the United States News propaganda is Covert Propaganda packaged as credible News without transparency as to source and motivation Public relations (PR is the practice of managing the flow of Information between an Organization and its Publics Public relations - often referred Yellow journalism is Journalism that downplays legitimate news in favor of eye-catching headlines that sell more newspapers The news media refers to the section of the Mass media that focuses on presenting current News to the public A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally News agency (alternative A news agency is an organization of Journalists established to supply News reports to organizations in the News trade Broadcast journalism is the field of news and journals which are "broadcast" that is published by electrical methods instead of the older methods such as printed newspapers Online journalism is defined as the Reporting of facts produced and distributed via the Internet. Photojournalism is a particular form of Journalism (the collecting editing and presenting of news material for publication or broadcast that creates images in order to tell Alternative media are media (newspapers radio television movies Internet etc Video blogging, sometimes shortened to vlogging is a form of Blogging for which the medium is Video. A journalist (also called a newspaperman) is a person who practices Journalism, the gathering and dissemination of information about current events trends A reporter is a type of Journalist who Researches and presents information in certain types of Mass media. Editing Language, Images or Sound through correction condensation organization and other modifications in various media A columnist is a Journalist who writes material on a regular basis for publication in a series A photographer is a person who takes a Photograph using a Camera. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary They say, "The intent of this participation is to provide independent, reliable, accurate, wide-ranging and relevant information that a democracy requires. "^[1] Citizen journalism should not be confused with civic journalism, which is practiced by professional journalists. The civic journalism movement (also known as public journalism is according to professor David K Citizen journalism is a specific form of citizen media as well as user generated content. The term citizen media refers to forms of content produced by private citizens who are otherwise not professional Journalists Citizen journalism, User generated content ( UGC, often hyphenated also known as Consumer Generated Media ( CGM) or User created Content ( UCC) refers

In a 2003 Online Journalism Review article, J. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. D. Lasica classifies media for citizen journalism into the following types: 1) Audience participation (such as user comments attached to news stories, personal blogs, photos or video footage captured from personal mobile cameras, or local news written by residents of a community), 2) Independent news and information Websites (Consumer Reports, the Drudge Report), 3) Full-fledged participatory news sites (OhmyNews), 4) Collaborative and contributory media sites (Slashdot, Kuro5hin), (Newsvine), 5) Other kinds of "thin media. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Many compact digital still cameras can record Sound and moving Video as well as still Photograph. Consumer Reports is an American Magazine published monthly by Consumers Union. The Drudge Report is a conservative US-based news aggregation Website run by Matthew Nathan Drudge. OhmyNews ( Hangul: is a South Korean online newspaper with the motto "Every Citizen is a Reporter" Slashdot, often abbreviated as /, is a technology-related news Website owned by SourceForge Inc Kuro5hin ( K5) ( pronounced " Corrosion " ie kəˈroʊʒən is a collaborative discussion website. Newsvine is a community-powered news website which draws original content from its users and syndicated content from mainstream sources such as The Associated Press " (mailing lists, email newsletters), and 6) Personal broadcasting sites (video broadcast sites such as (KenRadio). ^[2]

Dan Gillmor, former technology columnist with the San Jose Mercury News, is one of the foremost proponents of citizen journalism, and founded a nonprofit, the Center for Citizen Media, to help promote it. Dan Gillmor is a noted American technology writer and former columnist for the San Jose Mercury News. The San Jose Mercury News is the major daily Newspaper in San Jose California and Silicon Valley. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's French-language television network has also organized a weekly public affairs program called, "5 sur 5", which has been organizing and promoting citizen-based journalism since 2001. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. On the program, viewers submit questions on a wide variety of topics, and they, accompanied by staff journalists, get to interview experts to obtain answers to their questions.

Contents 1 History 1.1 Birth of Blogs and the Indymedia Movement 2 What is citizen journalism? 3 Who does citizen journalism? 4 Legal implications in the United States of America 5 Criticisms 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

History

The citizen journalism movement emerged after journalists themselves began to question the predictability of their coverage of such events as the 1988 U.S. presidential election. -->The United States presidential election of 1988 featured an open primary for both major parties Those journalists became part of the public, or civic, journalism movement, a countermeasure against the eroding trust in the news media and widespread public disillusionment with politics and civic affairs. ^[3][4][5] Jay Rosen, a journalism professor at New York University, was one of public journalism's earliest proponents. Jay Rosen (born May 5 1956 in Buffalo New York) is a press critic a writer and a professor of journalism at New York University. From 1993 to 1997, he directed the Project on Public Life and the Press, funded by the Knight Foundation and housed at NYU. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar He also currently runs the PressThink weblog.

Initially, discussions of public journalism focused on promoting journalism that was "for the people" by changing the way professional reporters did their work. A study done for the Pew Center and the Associated Press Managing Editors found that "45 percent of all editors surveyed say that their newsrooms use the tools and techniques of civic journalism. Sixty-six percent say they either embrace the label or like the philosophy and tools, suggesting that there are even more practitioners. "^[6] According to Leonard Witt, however, early public journalism efforts were, "often part of 'special projects' that were expensive, time-consuming and episodic. Too often these projects dealt with an issue and moved on. Professional journalists were driving the discussion. Professional journalism is a form of news reporting which developed in the United States at the beginning of the 20th century along with formal schools of journalism They would say, "Let's do a story on welfare-to-work (or the environment, or traffic problems, or the economy)," and then they would recruit a cross-section of citizens and chronicle their points of view. Since not all reporters and editors bought into this form of public journalism, and some outright opposed it, reaching out to the people from the newsroom was never an easy task. " By 2003, in fact, the movement seemed to be petering out, with the Pew Center for Civic Journalism closing its doors. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.

Public participation - such as telephone calls into the running broadcasting - might also be seen as an (old-fashioned) part of it.

However, just a few years prior, new internet technologies gave birth to a new form of this movement.

Birth of Blogs and the Indymedia Movement

In 1999, activists in Seattle created a response to the WTO meeting being held there. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) These activists understood the only way they could get into the corporate media was by blocking the streets. " Corporate media " is a term which refers to a system of media production distribution ownership and funding which is dominated by Corporations and is governed by And then, the scant 60 seconds of coverage would show them being carted off by the police, but without any context to explain why they were protesting. They knew they had to create an alternative media model. Since then, the Indymedia movement has experienced exponential growth, and IMCs have been created in over 200 cities all over the world.

Simultaneously, journalism that was "by the people" began to flourish, enabled in part by emerging internet and networking technologies, such as weblogs, chat rooms, message boards, wikis and mobile computing. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of The term chat room, or chatroom, is primarily used by Mass media to describe any form of Synchronous conferencing, occasionally even Asynchronous conferencing An, or message board, is a Bulletin board system in the form of a discussion site A wiki is a page or collection of Web pages designed to enable anyone who accesses it to contribute or modify content using a simplified Markup language. Mobile computing is a generic term describing one's ability to use technology while moving as opposed to Portable computers which are only practical for use while deployed in A relatively new development is the use of convergent polls, allowing editorials and opinions to be submitted and voted on. Overtime, the poll converges on the most broadly accepted editorials and opinions. In South Korea, OhmyNews became popular and commercially successful with the motto, "Every Citizen is a Reporter. OhmyNews ( Hangul: is a South Korean online newspaper with the motto "Every Citizen is a Reporter" " Founded by Oh Yeon-ho on February 22, 2000, it has a staff of some 40-plus traditional reporters and editors who write about 20% of its content, with the rest coming from other freelance contributors who are mostly ordinary citizens. Oh Yeon Ho (born 1964) is the founder of "citizen journalism" in the Republic of Korea and CEO of OhmyNews a new approach to cyber-journalism in which ordinary Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. OhmyNews has been credited with transforming South Korea's conservative political environment.

In 2001, ThemeParkInsider. com became the first online publication to win a major journalism award for a feature that was reported and written entirely by readers, earning an Online Journalism Award from the Online News Association and Columbia Graduate School of Journalism for its "Accident Watch" section, where readers tracked injury accidents at theme parks and shared accident prevention tips. The Online News Association (ONA founded in 1999 is an organization made up of more than 1000 members Academic Programs Columbia’s Journalism School offers three degree programs Master of Science in journalism (full and part-time

In 2004, a citizen journalism website called AssociatedContent. com was launched. The "People's Media Company", as they claim to be, was the first company to offer monetary compensation for their users that publish quality content in the form of articles, videos and audio clips. A few years later, WorldVoiceNews. com was launched, claiming the tagline “Honest and Unfiltered,” and paying editors and reporters a per-story fee based on the number of stories they submit and the revenue for the company each month.

During the 2004 U.S. presidential election, both the Democratic and Republican parties issued press credentials to citizen bloggers covering the convention, marking a new level of influence and credibility for nontraditional journalists. The United States presidential election of 2004 was held on Tuesday November 2, 2004, to elect the President of the United States. Some bloggers also began watchdogging the work of conventional journalists, monitoring their work for biases and inaccuracy.

A recent trend in citizen journalism has been the emergence of what blogger Jeff Jarvis terms hyperlocal journalism, as online news sites invite contributions from local residents of their subscription areas, who often report on topics that conventional newspapers tend to ignore. Jeff Jarvis (born September 12, 1954) is an American journalist. In Journalism, local news refers to News coverage of events in a local context which would not normally be of interest to those of other localities or otherwise be ^[7] "We are the traditional journalism model turned upside down," explains Mary Lou Fulton, the publisher of the Northwest Voice in Bakersfield, California. "Instead of being the gatekeeper, telling people that what's important to them 'isn't news,' we're just opening up the gates and letting people come on in. We are a better community newspaper for having thousands of readers who serve as the eyes and ears for the Voice, rather than having everything filtered through the views of a small group of reporters and editors. "^[8]

What is citizen journalism?

There is no easy answer to this question and depending on whom you ask you are likely to get very different answers. Some have called it networked journalism, open source journalism, and citizen media. Communication has changed greatly with the advent of the Internet. The Internet has enabled citizens to contribute to journalism, without professional training. Mark Glasser, a longtime freelance journalist who frequently writes on new media issues, gets to the heart of it:

The idea behind citizen journalism is that people without professional journalism training can use the tools of modern technology and the global distribution of the Internet to create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in collaboration with others. For example, you might write about a city council meeting on your blog or in an online forum. Or you could fact-check a newspaper article from the mainstream media and point out factual errors or bias on your blog. Or you might snap a digital photo of a newsworthy event happening in your town and post it online. Or you might videotape a similar event and post it on a site such as YouTube. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees

This might seem radical to some, but the idea that average citizens can engage in the act of journalism has a long history in the United States. Professor Mary-Rose Papandrea, a constitutional law professor at Boston College, notes in her article, Citizen Journalism and the Reporter’s Privilege, that:^[9]

[i]n many ways, the definition of journalist has now come full circle. When the First Amendment was adopted, “freedom of the press” referred quite literally to the freedom to publish using a printing press, rather than the freedom of organized entities engaged in the publishing business. The printers of 1775 did not exclusively publish newspapers; instead, in order to survive financially they dedicated most of their efforts printing materials for paying clients. The newspapers and pamphlets of the American Revolutionary era were predominantly partisan and became even more so through the turn of the century. They engaged in little newsgathering and instead were predominantly vehicles for opinion.

The passage of the term “journalism” into common usage in the 1830s occurred at roughly the same time that newspapers, using highspeed rotary steam presses, began mass circulation throughout the eastern United States. Using the printing press, newspapers could distribute exact copies to large numbers of readers at a low incremental cost. In addition, the rapidly increasing demand for advertising for brand- name products fueled the creation of publications subsidized in large part by advertising revenue. It was not until the late nineteenth century that the concept of the “press” morphed into a description of individuals and companies engaged in an often competitive commercial media enterprise.

What has changed, however, is that with today’s technology, the average person can capture news and distribute it globally. As Yochai Benkler has noted, “the capacity to make meaning – to encode and decode humanly meaningful statements – and the capacity to communicate one’s meaning around the world, are held by, or readily available to, at least many hundreds of millions of users around the globe. Yochai Benkler is Jack N and Lillian R Berkman Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School and the author of The Wealth of Networks ”^[10]

Who does citizen journalism?

According to Jay Rosen, citizen journalists "the people formerly known as the audience," who "were on the receiving end of a media system that ran one way, in a broadcasting pattern, with high entry fees and a few firms competing to speak very loudly while the rest of the population listened in isolation from one another— and who today are not in a situation like that at all. . . . The people formerly known as the audience are simply the public made realer, less fictional, more able, less predictable. "^[11]

"Doing citizen journalism right means crafting a crew of correspondents who are typically excluded from or misrepresented by local television news: low-income women, minorities and youth -- the very demographic and lifestyle groups who have little access to the media and that advertisers don't want," says Robert Huesca, an associate professor of communication at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.

Public Journalism is now being explored via new media such as the use of mobile phones. Mobile phones have the potential to transform reporting and places the power of reporting in the hands of the public. Mobile telephony provides low-cost options for people to set up news operations. One small organization providing mobile news and exploring public journalism is Jasmine News in Sri Lanka. Mobile News services are growing in popularity along with an explosion in the usage of SMS messages worldwide and a few organizations are exporing these services

In 2004, when the 9. 1-magnitude underwater earthquake caused a huge tsunami in Banda Aceh Indonesia, a footage of a person who experienced the tsunami was broadcast in almost all TV channel. It was a mark of citizen jurnalism type news in the country. In 2008 the first fully citizen jurnalism news site by the name of SwaBerita.com ( swa means self, and berita means news) was established.

In 2005, the Rocky Mountain News in Denver, Colo. , created a hyperlocal citizen journalism Web site called YourHub.com that allows any registered user to post news articles and photos that are published online and in community-centered weekly newspaper sections that are delivered with the News and the Denver Post. An editorial staff monitors and edits the Web sites and contributes some professional content, but the majority of content is created by citizens. In 2006, the YourHub. com branding was franchised and sold to several markets around the country.

The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting has embraced citizen journalism through an essay contest on the citizen journalism website Helium.com as a way to bridge the gap between professional journalists and citizen voices. The Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting is an American News media organization established in 2006 that sponsors independent reporting that other media outlets are Heliumcom Inc (formerly known as Helium Knowledge is a Website where writers are paid for contributing articles and visitors can read these articles for free ^[12] The Helium writers are asked to write on the world's so-called underreported issues.

Legal implications in the United States of America

The growth of online participatory journalism gives rise to the legal question of whether bloggers who gather and disseminate “news” should be classified as journalists. In light of the proposed federal reporter-shield law, the resolution of this issue will have far reaching implications for the millions of people in this country who disseminate information via blogs. In other words, are bloggers the modern day equivalent of the revolutionary pamphleteer who passed out leaflets on the street corner?

Currently, 30 states and the District of Columbia have enacted shield laws that allow journalists the privilege to shield their confidential sources from disclosure. These states are Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina and Tennessee. (The First Amendment and The Fourth Estate, Ninth Edition, Foundation Press, p. 542. )

In its landmark decision in Branzburg v. Hayes, 408 U. Branzburg v Hayes, 408 US 665 ( 1972) was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision invalidating the use of the First Amendment S. 665 (1972), the United States Supreme Court recognized that “the administration of a constitutional newsman’s privilege would present practical and conceptual difficulties of high order … Sooner or later it would be necessary to define those categories of newsmen who qualify for the privilege, a questionable procedure in light of the traditional doctrine that liberty of the press is the right of the lonely pamphleteer who uses carbon paper or a mimeograph just as much as the larger metropolitan publisher who utilizes the latest photocomposition methods. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ”

The time is fast approaching when these legal lines will have to be drawn. In recent times, bloggers have broken too many stories of national interest that mainstream media either overlooked, or decided against reporting, not to be considered legitimate news gatherers and reporters.

Moreover, the fact that many bloggers are anonymous is of marginal importance to the question of whether they qualify as journalists. The Supreme Court has long recognized that anonymous speech is entitled to First Amendment protection. In Talley v. California, 362 U. S. 60 (1960), The Supreme Court exclaimed that “[a]nonymous pamphlets, leaflets, brochures and even books have played an important role in the progress of mankind. ” Indeed the Federalist Papers were published under the pseudonym “Publius. ” Accordingly, there are times and circumstances when the authorities may not compel those engaged in the dissemination of ideas to be publicly identified for the fear of identification and reprisal might deter perfectly lawful discussions of matters of public importance. See Bates v. Little Rock, 361 U. S. 516.

The way the courts deal with the myriad issues that will arise from the use of this cyber-soapbox will determine the extent to which First Amendment freedoms will flourish in the age of Internet.

Criticisms

Citizen journalists may be activists within the communities they write about. This has drawn some criticism from traditional media institutions such as The New York Times, which have accused proponents of public journalism of abandoning the traditional goal of 'objectivity'. Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. Many traditional journalists view citizen journalism with some skepticism, believing that only trained journalists can understand the exactitude and ethics involved in reporting news. See, e. g. , Nicholas Lemann, Vincent Maher, and Tom Grubisich. Nicholas Berthelot Lemann is dean and Henry R Luce professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism in New York City

A paper by Vincent Maher, the head of the New Media Lab at Rhodes University, outlined several weaknesses in the claims made by citizen journalists, in terms of the "three deadly E's", referring to ethics, economics and epistemology. Ethics is a major branch of Philosophy, encompassing right conduct and good life Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Epistemology (from Greek επιστήμη - episteme, "knowledge" + λόγος, " Logos " or theory of knowledge This paper has itself been criticized in the press and blogosphere. ^[13]

An article in 2005 by Tom Grubisich reviewed ten new citizen journalism sites and found many of them lacking in quality and content. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[14] Grubisich followed up a year later with, "Potemkin Village Redux. "^[15] He found that the best sites had improved editorially and were even nearing profitability, but only by not expensing editorial costs. Also according to the article, the sites with the weakest editorial content were able to aggressively expand because they had stronger financial resources.

Another article published on Pressthink examined Backfence, a citizen journalism site with initial three locations in the DC area, which reveals that the site has only attracted limited citizen contributions. ^[16] The author concludes that, "in fact, clicking through Backfence's pages feels like frontier land -– remote, often lonely, zoned for people but not home to any. The site recently launched for Arlington, Virginia. However, without more settlers, Backfence may wind up creating more ghost towns. "

Others criticise the formulation of the term "citizen journalism" to describe the concept, as the word "citizen" has a conterminous relation to the nation-state. The fact that many millions of people are considered stateless and often without citizenship (such as refugees or immigrants without papers) limits the concept to those recognised only by governments. Additionally the global nature of many participatory media initiatives, such as the Independent Media Center, makes talking of journalism in relation to a particular nation-state largely redundant as its production and dissemination do not recognise national boundaries. The Independent Media Center (aka Indymedia or IMC) is a global participatory network of journalists that reports on political and social issues Some additional names given to the concept based on this analysis are grassroots media, people's media, or participatory media.

See also

Blog Social news Participatory Media Independent Media Center Local news

Ohmynews Open source journalism Wikinews Media democracy Snaparazzi

GroundReport AgoraVox BrooWaha iNorden. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of Social bookmarking is a method for Internet users to store organize search and manage bookmarks of web pages on the Internet with the help of Metadata Participatory Media include (but are not limited to Blogs, Wikis RSS, tagging and Social bookmarking, music-photo-video sharing The Independent Media Center (aka Indymedia or IMC) is a global participatory network of journalists that reports on political and social issues In Journalism, local news refers to News coverage of events in a local context which would not normally be of interest to those of other localities or otherwise be OhmyNews ( Hangul: is a South Korean online newspaper with the motto "Every Citizen is a Reporter" Open source journalism, a close cousin to Citizen journalism or Participatory journalism, is a term coined in the title of a 1999 article by Andrew Leonard of Wikinews is a free-content News source Wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Media democracy is a production and distribution model which promotes a Mass media system that informs and empowers all members of society and enhances democratic values Paparazzi is a plural term ( paparazzo being the singular form for Photographers who take unstaged and/or candid photographs of Celebrities GroundReport is a global Citizen journalism platform that strives to 'democratize the media' by enabling anyone to publish news reports and BrooWaha is an online citizen newspaper with a focus on local news org The BOBs (weblog award) ScribbleSheet

References

External links

• information on TMZ and the Superficial
• List of Participatory News Media sites at the Open Directory Project
• List of citizen journalism websites and Tools for citizen journalism on SourceWatch
• Tools for citizen journalism on mediaforchange.org
• Center for Citizen Media
• The Citizen Media Law Project
• J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism
• Online Journalism Review
• Knight Citizen News Network
• Pulitzer Citizen Journalism Awards
• Mobile Citizen Reporter
• World Voice
• Pew Center for Civic Journalism
• The Times - Citizen journalists who snapped the news - 20/11/06
• CIJO
• Documentary about Citizen Journalism this documentary features bloggers Ethan Zuckerman, Lisa Williams & Steve Garfield. The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory SourceWatch (formerly Disinfopedia) is an internet site which is a "collaborative project" of the Center for Media and Democracy (CMD
• First Citizen Journalism News Site in Indonesia
• Grassroots Journalism Training
• Snarkmarket: «Real Citizen Journalism» — the exception of the Press Institute for Women in the Developing World. - Jan 9, 2007
• History Commons formerly the Center for Cooperative Research
• Citizen Journalism in US
• Citizen Journalism in Greece
• Citizen Journalism in Spain
• Citizen Journalism in the UK
• Citizen Journalism in the US
• Citizen Photo Journalism site
• Citizen Journalism in India
• Citizen Journalism in India
• Journalism category on MediaShift Idea Lab
• Capture breaking news events using your mobile phone and stream it Live to the world

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