The Citadelle—the French name is used both in English and French—is a military installation and official residence located atop Cap Diamant, adjoining the Plains of Abraham in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. The Battle of the Plains of Abraham, also known as the Battle of Quebec, was a pivotal battle in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This citadel is part of the fortifications of Quebec City, the only city with extant city walls in North America. A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors
The Quebec Parliament Building and many other provincial government buildings and several large hotels are also nearby, towering over this sunken or flat citadel, typical of late 18th century and early 19th century castrametation. The Parliament Building (French Hôtel du Parlement) is an eight-floor building and home to the Parliament of Quebec (composed of the Lieutenant-Governor
The first protective wall (enceinte) was built in the 17th century under Louis de Buade, sieur de Frontenac. Louis de Buade Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau ( May 12, 1622 &ndash November 28, 1698) was a French courtier and Governor A plan of fortifications was developed by the French military engineer Jacques Levasseur de Néré (1662–1723) and approved by Louis XIV's commissary general of fortifications Sébastien Le Prestre de Vauban in 1701. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Sébastien Le Prestre Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban ( May 15, 1633 – March 30, 1707) commonly referred to Considerable work took place on the fortifications after the fall of Louisbourg in 1745 under the direction of military engineer Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry. Fortress of Louisbourg (in French, Forteresse de Louisbourg) is a Canadian National Historic Site and the location of a partial reconstruction
The existing star-shaped fortifications were built by the British between 1820 and 1831 under the direction of Royal Engineer lieutenant colonel Elias Walker Durnford and incorporated a section of the French "enceinte" of 1745. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Major General Elias Walker Durnford RE ( July 28, 1774 &ndash March 8, 1850) was the builder of the Citadel Quebec City Their purpose was to secure the strategic heights of Cape Diamond against the Americans and to serve as a refuge for the British garrison in the event of attack or rebellion. The preservation of much of the fortifications and defences of Quebec is due to the intervention of Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, Governor General of Canada 1872–1878, who also established the Citadelle as a vice-regal residence. Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood 1st Marquess of Dufferin and Ava, KP, GCB, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (21 June The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative
The Quebec Conferences of 1943 and 1944, in which Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King discussed strategy for World War II, were held at the Citadelle of Quebec. The First Quebec Conference (codenamed "QUADRANT" was a high level military conference held during World War II between the British, Canadian Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 William Lyon Mackenzie King PC OM CMG ( December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a Canadian World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
The Citadelle is the home station of the Royal 22e Régiment of the Canadian Forces since 1920. The Royal 22e Régiment is an Infantry Regiment and the most famous Francophone organization of the Canadian Forces. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence In addition to its use as a military installation, it is also an official residence of the Governor General of Canada, who by tradition resides there for several weeks out of the year. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative (The Governor General's primary official residence is Rideau Hall in Ottawa. Rideau Hall is since 1867, the Official residence of the Governor General of Canada, and of the monarch of Canada when in Ottawa. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. )
- See also: List of forts
See also
External links
- Fortifications of Québec National Historic Site of Canada
- La Citadelle (Tourisme Québec) and Museum Royal 22e Régiment
- La Citadelle (Governor General of Canada)
- Citadelle of Quebec is at coordinates Coordinates:
- Québec City International Festival Of Military Bands
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic